1. NME – MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
R. VELMURUGAN
Assistant Professor of Botany
Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College
Aruppukottai
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2. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Naturally, Mushrooms are found in Diverse Agro-Climatic
Conditions Ranging from Arid to Evergreen Forest Conditions.
Worldwide more than 3000 Mushrooms have been identified as Edible,
in which India is a Home for more than 300 varieties of mushrooms as
Wild.
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3. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Our country is Gifted with Two Distinct Climates and Seasons,
namely,
▪ Winter and
▪ Summer.
Accordingly, the Distribution and Availability of Edible Mushroom
Almost Round the Year under Natural Conditions in India.
⚫ Agaricus bisporus (Button Mushroom) can be Grown in Winter when
Temperature Ranges from 15°C to 25°C.
⚫ Pleurotus spp. (Oyster Mushroom ) can be Grown in Winter when
Temperature is about 20° to 30°C and
⚫ Volvariella spp. (Paddy Straw Mushroom) can be Grown in Summer
when the Temperature Ranges from 28°C to 40°C.
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4. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Types of Mushrooms
The Major Mushroom Varieties Distributed in India are
⚫ Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus),
⚫ Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sp.),
⚫ Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella sp.),
⚫ Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes),
⚫ Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica),
⚫ Winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes),
⚫ Black Ear Mushroom (Auricularia sp.)
⚫ Morel Mushroom(Morchella esculanta) etc.
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5. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Button Mushroom
It is Mostly Distributed in Tropical, Sub-tropical and Temperate
Regions of our Country. It is found in the wild. In recent years, several species,
which have been described as New and Presently more than 500 species are
Reported in Agaricus. It is Very Popular Variety due to its Delicious Taste,
Nutritional and Medicinal Values. Now, the button mushroom is grown
throughout the Country, especially in Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat,
UtterPradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal and Tamilnadu.
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6. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Oyster Mushroom
It is also Suitable for the Tropical, Sub-tropical and Temperate
Regions of our Country. There are over 150 Edible Varieties of this Species
can grow on a Variety of Substrates under Varied Conditions. The Oyster is
widely cultivated in states of Orissa, Andhra, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, West Bengal and North-Eastern states. Punjab and Tamilnadu.
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7. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Paddy Straw Mushroom
This variety is suitable for Sub-tropical regions of the country. This
mushroom is very popular for its taste and flavor. There are more than 19
Edible Varieties are Reported in Straw Mushroom. It is common in the Eastern
and Southern India, especially in the coastal region and extensively cultivated
in Orissa. It also grown in Temperate regions during Rainy season. In India, it
grown in Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh Tamil
Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh etc.
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8. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Milky Mushroom
It is a species of Tropical Edible mushroom native to India. Milky
Mushrooms are Native to North Eastern India and were initially found in the
Wild. The people from West Bengal have collected these mushrooms and sold
in local markets. In nature, milky white mushrooms are seen grown on humus
rich soil in agricultural fields or along the roadside in tropical and subtropical
parts of India, especially in the plains of Tamil Nadu and in Rajasthan.
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9. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Shiitake Mushroom
Shiitake are edible mushrooms native to East Asia. The cap is dark
brown that grow between 2 and 4 inches. It is eaten like vegetables and
considered as Medicinal Mushroom. It can be easily grown in the hilly regions
of northern, eastern and southern parts of the country where temperature
remains below 25°C. The growers in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu successfully cultivated the shiitake mushroom
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10. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Wood Ear Mushroom
Wood Ear mushrooms are native to Asia. The Fruiting body is
Earlike shape and brown to black in colour. It is Widespread
throughout Temperate and Subtropical zones Worldwide. Recently, it
has been recorded from Semi Evergreen to Evergreen and Wet
Evergreen Shola Forests in the Western Ghats, India.
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11. Distribution of Edible Mushroom in
India
Winter Mushroom
It is Reported as Wild in the Cold Seasons of Himalaya States where in
freezing temperature and lesser daylight. So, the Mushroom is called as
Winter mushroom.
Morel Mushroom
It is a Distinctive Mushroom have a Honey Comb appearance. It is
seasonally harvested from the wild in north Himalayan states.
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