Here you can able to know about mushroom morphology, types, cultivation techniques, genome, and survey work which was done online through google sheet.

1. “Edible Mushroom Cultivation & a short
review on its Genome”
Seminar on
SANTOSH KUMAR SAHOO
Department Of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics,
Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha.
SRTP Roll no- 6476
CSIR SRTP ONLINE Project No-06 (PG-3)
DR. AVEEK SAMANTA
Assistant professor
Department of Botany
Prabhat Kumar College,Contai

2.  Introduction to mushroom; its morphology, types & Genome.
 The basic steps of Mushroom Cultivation
 Survey work & its results
 Main findings
 Future perspectives
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction
 Mushroom is a type of fungi having a fleshy and spore-bearing fruiting body,
achlorophyllous, saprophytic in nature, and cultivated on low-cost agro wastes such as
paddy straw, maize straw, paddy husk, leaves of mulberry, etc
 It contains a high amount of protein, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals & low fat, hence
called “vegetable meat”
 Globally, more than 2,000 different species of macrofungi are considered as edible, out of
which only 80 varieties are economically cultivated.
 Generally, it grows in rainy season and Optimum temperature for mushroom cultivation is
22-25°C.

4. Morphology & types of mushroom
Mushroom
Edible
mushroom
Poisonous
mushroom
Morphology
• Mushroom has two major parts
i.e. Mycelium (underground part
or vegetative part) and fruiting
body (reproductive part).
• Mycelium consists of hyphae, that
absorb food materials from
organic matters.
• The main body is fruiting body
which consists of pileus(umbrella-
like structure, protects growing
basidiospore inside the gills), stipe
gives support to pileus.
•Ex- Amanita virosa
(the destroying angel)
•Amanita muscaria
(the fly Agaric)
•Ex-Agaricus bisporus
(white button mushroom)
•Volvariella- volvacea
(paddy straw mushroom)
Structure
Types

5. Mushroom Genomics
 Genomics is the study of fundamental organization of genome and more
narrowly, it is concerned with physical characterization of genomic DNA.
 327 genes from different mushroom have been isolated, cloned and
characterized. A number of genes encoding enzymes that are involved in the
substrate utilization such as laccase, xylanase and cellobiohydrolase are
now available. These genes may facilitate the development of efficient
substrate in the cultivated mushroom.
 Information about the Nuclear genome and mt-DNA could be used in
genetic enhancement programmes.

6. 1. Bed preparation
- provides nutrition
- done by wet straw of
paddy or wheat
2. Pasteurization
- provides microbe free bed
. - done by boiled water for 3
to 4 hours,
3.Spawning
• addition of previously
prepared seed material, layer
after layer
4.Incubation
•required to grow the mycelium of the
spawn on the bed material
•done on a high CO2 environment, dark
& temp as for species
5.Pinning
• development of the fruit
body from mycelium
• requires a high relative
humidity of 85% to 90% and
light & temp as for species.
6.Maturation
• The fruit body is developed
7. Harvesting
• Fruiting body is fully
developed
• collected by hand

7. SURVEY WORK
District
Name
% of people
likes to take
mushroom
in their
meal
Types of mushroom cultivated
and available in local market
(in %) Average
Cost per
100 grms
Season of availability
& cultivation in a
year (in %)
Average No.
of times
people take
mushroom in
their meal in
a month
R W AllButton Straw Other
TOTALNOOFPEOPLE=513(108family)
NORTHINTERIOR
ODISHA(196)
Bargarh 53.5 56.6 40 <1 12.0 *** ** * 4
Sambalpur 62.5 30 67 < 4 11.5 *** ** ** 3
Sundargarh 88.8 74.3 20 < 6 12.0 *** ** ** 3.5
NORTHCOASTAL
ODISHA(280)
Kendrapara 83.3 42 56 2 12.0 *** ** * 2.5
Cuttack 83.3 60.9 19 10 12.0 *** ** * 4.5
Jagatsingh-
pur
82.14 43 45 6 12.5 *** ** ** 3
OTHERS
(37)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
*** means ≥ 50%
** means 50%< X ≥30%
* Means <30%
This survey work is done some
district of a state (Odisha) having
some basic parameters regarding
mushroom popularity, availability
& cultivation.

8. All
season
17%
Rainy
48%
Winter
30%
Season of availibility and
cultivation in odisha in %
53.5
62.5
88.8
83.3 83.3 82.14
12 11.5 12 12 12 12.5
4 3 3.5 2.5 4.5 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% of people likes to eat
Cost per 100 grms
Average No. of times people take mushroom in their meal in
a month
button
53%
straw
42%
milky
5%
Types of mushroom
available in local
market in Odisha (in
%)
SURVEY RESULTS

9. Main Findings
 More than 80% of people from north coastal & north interior Odisha
like to take mushroom in their meal.
 As compare to north interior, north coastal side people are found of
mushroom.
 Frequency of taking mushroom in their meal is 2-5 times per month.
 Cost is around 115-125 rupees per kg.
 Mostly the season of cultivation & availability is winter.

10. Future perspectives of mushroom cultivation
& consumption
 Mushroom industry has a bright future in India. Because a large quantity of agro-
byproducts and agro-waste generated every year , as well as availability of large
and cheap labour-force.
 This will not only provide employment to our rural youths, but also the cost of
mushroom production per unit area will be greatly reduced.
 Now-a-days, people are developing awareness for taking mushroom in their meal,
particularly for its nutritive and medicinal value, which results increase in per
capita consumption in future.

11. Conclusion
 The popularity of taking mushroom is high in Odisha(India). No doubt,
it can occupy place in general and vegetable meals, but consumption
frequency is less. So people must have to aware about the nutritive
qualities & health benefits of mushroom.
 Random consumption without proper identification may causes a
severe health issues, we are also aware for that.

12. Reference
 Yadav, M. C., Singh, S. K., & Rai, R. D. (2007). MUSHROOM GENOME-CURRENT
STATUS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT. Mushroom Biology and
Biotechnology, 213, 41.
 Karthick, K., & Hamsalakshmi, H. (2017). Current scenario of mushroom industry in
India. International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, 3(3), 23-26.
 https://www.slideshare.net/gowrivprabhu/mushroom-cultivation-54876208
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom
 Class notes from DR. AVEEK SAMANTA, Assistant professor, Department of Botany,
Prabhat Kumar College, Contai.