14. LAMIACEAE
SYSTAMATIC POSITION
SYSTAMATIC POSITION OF LAMIACEAE
⚫ CLASS : DICOTYLEDONS
⚫ SUB-CLASS : GAMOPETALAE
⚫ SERIES : BICARPELLATE
⚫ ORDER : LAMIALES
⚫ FAMILY : LAMIACEAE (Mint Family)
⚫ GENUS :200
⚫ SPECIES :3200
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15. LAMIACEAE
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS OF LAMIACEAE
⚫ Aromatic Herbs.
⚫ Inflorescence is Special Type called Verticillaster or
Racemose.
⚫ Corolla is Bilabiate.
⚫ Stamens are 4, Didynamous and Epipetalous.
⚫ Ovary is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and Superior
with Many Ovules on Axile Placentation.
⚫ Style is Gynobasic.
⚫ Stigma is Bifid.
⚫ Fruit is Schizocarpic, Split in to Four One Seeded Nutlets
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16. LAMIACEAE
GENERAL CHARACTERS
GENERAL CHARACTERS OF LAMIACEAE
⚫ PLANTS are mostly Aromatic Herbs and some Shrubs.
⚫ ROOT are Mostly Branched Tap Root System.
⚫ STEM is Aerial, Herbaceous and Quadrangular.
⚫ LEAVES are Simple, Exstipulate, Opposite-Decussate.
⚫ INFLORESENCE is Racemose or Special Type called Verticillaster
⚫ FLOWER are Pedicellate, Bracteate, Bisexual, Zygomorphic and
Hypogynous.
⚫ CALYX Sepals- 5, Gamosepalous and Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation
⚫ COROLLA Petals-5, Gamopetalous and Valvate or Imbricate
Aestivation. Corolla is Bilabiate.
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17. LAMIACEAE
GENERAL CHARACTERS
⚫ ANDROECIUM
⚫ STAMENS are 4, Didynamous and Epipetalous.
⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce longitudinally
⚫ GYNOECIUM
⚫ OVARY is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and
Superior with Many Ovules on Axile Placentation.
⚫ STYLE is Simple and Gynobasic.
⚫ STIGMA is Bifid.
⚫ POLLINATION is Entomophily.
⚫ FRUIT is Schizocarpic, Split in to Four One Seeded Nutlets
⚫ SEEDS are Non-Endospermous.
⚫
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18. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE
-VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE
VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
DISTRIBUTION
⚫ The Family Lamiaceae is Commonly Called Mint Family. It Consists
of 200 Genera and 3200 Species and The members are distributed
in World-wide in Tropical and Temperate Regions.
HABIT
⚫ Mostly Aromatic Herbs - Ocimum, Mentha, Coleus.
⚫ Some Shrubs - Lavandula, Rosmarinus,
⚫ Few Tree - Leucosceptrum and
⚫ Very Few Climbers - Scutellaria
HABITAT
⚫ Mostly Mesophytes
⚫ Few Xerophytes -Rosmarinus
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19. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE
-VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
ROOT
⚫ Mostly Branched Tap Root System.
⚫ Few Adventitious Roots -Mentha
STEM
⚫ Mostly Aerial, Erect, Herbaceous and Quadrangular with Glandular
Hairs.
⚫ Some Aerial, Erect and Woody - Lavandula
⚫ Few Sub-Aerial stem -Suckers - Mentha
⚫ Very few Weak Stem -Twiner Climbers - Scutellaria
LEAVES
⚫ Simple, Petiolate, Exstipulate, Opposite-Decussate and Reticulate
Venation with Glandular Hairs.
⚫ The Glandular Hairs secreting Volatile Oils which are scented.
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20. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE
REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY
REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY
INFLORESENCE
1. Verticillaster – Leucas
2. Thyrsus - a Raceme of Cymes - Ocimum
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22. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE
REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY
FLOWER
⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Complete, Bisexual, Irregular,
Zygomorphic, Pentamerous and Hypogynous.
CALYX
⚫ Sepals -5, Gamosepalous, Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation and Persistent.
⚫ In Leucas, Sepals are 8-10 Toothed.
⚫ In Salvia, Calyx is Bilobed.
COROLLA
⚫ Petals –5, Irregular, Gamopetalous and Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation.
⚫ Corolla is Bilabiate in which the Petals are Unite at the base into Tube End
with Two Lips -Upper Lip and Lower Lip.
⚫ In Leucas, the Two Petals are in Upper Lip and Three Petals in Lower Lip.
⚫ In Ocimum, the Four Petals are in Upper Lip and One Petal in Lower Lip.
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23. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE
REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY
ANDROECIUM
⚫ STAMENS are 4, Epipetalous, Didynamous (Two Stamens Long and Two
Stamens Short) and the Posterior Stamen Reduce in to Staminode.
⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce Longitudinally.
⚫ In Salvia, the Two Lower Stamens are only Fertile in which each stamen
has a fertile anther lobe and a sterile anther lobe with elongated connective
tissue that separate the fertile anther lobe at the tip of stamen.
⚫ In Coleus, the Stamens are Monoadelphous
GYNOECIUM
⚫ OVARY is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and Superior with Many
Ovules on Axile Placentation.
⚫ The Ovary is Bilocular but it becomes Tetralocular due to False Septum.
⚫ The Nectar Secreting Disc is present below the Ovary.
⚫ STYLE is Simple and Gynobasic (Style is Arising from the Base of the
Ovary).
⚫ STIGMA is Bifid.
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24. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE
REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY
POLLINATION
⚫ Entomophily.
FRUIT
⚫ Schizocarpic, Split in to Four one seeded Nutlets.
SEED
⚫ Non-Endospermous.
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25. LAMIACEAE
Verticillaster INFLORESENCE
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Verticillaster – Leucas
• It is a Special Type of Inflorescence.
• Verticillaster is a Condense Form of Inflorescence in which
Flowers are arranged in Whorl at Nodes.
• It consists of Two Dichasial Cymes ends with Monochasial
branches on the either side of Node of stem.
26. LAMIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA
HABIT
⚫ Aromatic Herbs.
HABITAT
⚫ Mesophytes
ROOT
⚫ Branched Tap Root System.
STEM
⚫ Aerial, Erect, Herbaceous and Quadrangular with Glandular
Trichomes.
LEAVES
⚫ Simple, Exstipulate, Opposite-Decussate and Reticulate Venation with
Volatile Oil Secreting Glandular Hairs.
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28. LAMIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA
INFLORESENCE
⚫ Special Type of Infloresence -Verticillaster.
⚫ Verticillaster is a Condense Form of Inflorescence in which Flowers are
arranged in Whorl at Nodes.
⚫ It consists of Two Dichasial Cymes ends with Monochasial branches on the
either side of node of stem.
FLOWER
⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Complete, Bisexual, Irregular,
Zygomorphic, Pentamerous and Hypogynous.
CALYX
⚫ Sepals–8-10 Toothed, Gamosepalous and Valvate Aestivation
COROLLA
⚫ Petals –5, Irregular, Gamopetalous, Valvate Aestivation. Corolla is Bilabiate
in which the Upper Lip has 2 Petals and Lower Lip has of 3 Petals.
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29. LAMIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA
ANDROECIUM
⚫ STAMENS are 4, Epipetalous and Didynamous.
⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce longitudinally.
GYNOECIUM
⚫ OVARY is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and Superior with
Many Ovules on Axile Placentation.
⚫ The Ovary is Bilocular but it becomes Tetralocular due to False
Septum.
⚫ The Nectar Secreting Disc is present below the Ovary.
⚫ STYLE is Simple and Gynobasic.
⚫ STIGMA is Bifid.
POLLINATION is Entomophily.
FRUIT is Schizocarpic, Split in to Four one seeded Nutlets.
SEEDS are Non-Endospermous.
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30. LAMIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF LAMIACEAE
OCIMUM Sp.
OCIMUM SANCTUM -HOLY BASIL -KRISHNA TULASI
⚫ Leaves are used for Bronchitis, Urinogenital Problems, Ringworms, Catarrh, Malaria and
Stomachache.
⚫ Grown as Holly and Aromatic Ornamental Plants.
OCIMUM BASILICUM -SWEET BASIL -TIRUNIRUTPATCHI
⚫ Leaf Extract is used for Ringworms.
⚫ Seeds are Diuretics.
⚫ The Volatile Basil Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes.
⚫ Grown as Aromatic Ornamental Plants.
OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM -SHRUBBY BASIL -RAMATULASI
⚫ Dried Leaves are Mosquito Repellents.
⚫ Seeds are used for Headache.
⚫ Grown as Aromatic Ornamental Plants.
OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM -KARPURA TULASI
⚫ Plant is used in the Manufacture of Camphor.
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31. LAMIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
MENTHA Sp.
MENTHA PIPERITA -PEPPERMINT -PODINA
⚫ Plant is used for Diarrhoea, Stomachache, Headache, Toothache and
Rheumatism.
⚫ The Volatile Peppermint Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes.
MENTHA ARVENSIS -FIELD MINT -PODINA
⚫ It is used to extract an essential oil useful for making cigarettes and
pharmaceutical products.
⚫ It is also used for rheumatism.
MENTHA CARDIACA
⚫ The Volatile Spearmint Oil is extracted and used in Chewing Gum,
Toothpaste and Confectionary Products.
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32. LAMIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
LEUCAS Sp.
LEUCAS MARTINICENSIS -LEUCAS -PERUNTUMBAI
⚫ Leaves are good Fodder for Goats and Camels.
LEUCAS ASPERA -LEUCAS -THUMBAI
⚫ Plant is used for Cough, Skin Eruption and Psoriasis.
LEUCAS MOLLISSIMA -LEUCAS -KAATTUTUMBAI
⚫ Whole Plant is used to Cure Dislocation of Bone.
LEUCAS ZEYLANICA –CEYLON SLITWORT
⚫ Leaf juice is used for Cough, Cold, Ulcers and Skin Troubles.
LEUCAS LAVANDULAEFOLIA -LEUCAS -THUMBAI
⚫ Leaf Decoction is a Vermifuge.
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33. LAMIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
COLEUS Sp.
COLEUS AMBOINICUS -Indian Mint– KARPURAVALLI
⚫ Leaf Decoction is used for Cough, Asthma and Urinary Troubles.
⚫ The Essential Volatile Carvacerol is extracted and used in Chewing
Gum, Toothpaste and Confectionary Products.
COLEUS PARVIFLORUS -KOORKAN KIZHANGU
⚫ The Root Tubers are Edible and substitute for Potato.
COLEUS VETTIVEROIDES Black Vettiver – Karupu VETTIVER
⚫ Roots are used to Decorate Temple Images.
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34. LAMIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
ANISOMELES MALABARICA - Malabar Catmint
⚫ Leaf Extract is used for Dyspepsia, Rheumatism and Teething
Troubles in Children.
ANISOMELES INDICA -Indian Catmint -PEIMIRATTI
⚫ Leaf extract is given for Uterus Problems.
POGOSTEMON HEYNEANUS -Indian Patchouli -katirPachi
⚫ Leaf Decoction is used for Cough and Asthma.
⚫ Root Decoction is used for Dropsy.
⚫ The Essential Volatile Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes and
also used as Insecticides.
ROYLEA CINEREA -Ashy Roylea
⚫ Leaf Decoction is used for Cough, Asthma and Fever.
.
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35. LAMIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA -English Lavender -Suganthi
⚫ The Essential Aromatic Volatile Lavender Oil is extracted and used in
Perfumes.
⚫ Cultivate in Gardens for Ornamental Purpose.
ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS -Rosemary -Rosemary
⚫ The Essential Aromatic Volatile Rosemary Oil is extracted and used in
Perfumes and Soaps.
THYMUS Sp. -Thyme -Omam
⚫ The Essential Aromatic Volatile Thymol Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes.
⚫ Cultivate in Garden for Ornamental Purpose.
SALVIA OFFICINALIS –SAGE Weed -ChimaiKarppuram
⚫ The Sage Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes and also used as Insecticides.
⚫ The Sage Oil is also used to Flavor Meats.
⚫ Cultivate in Gardens for Ornamental Purpose
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