1. NME -BOTANY
- MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
2-1
EDIBLE AND
NON-EDIBLE MUSHROOM
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2. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
The word Mushroom used for the Edible Members of
Macrofungi and Termed as Food of the God. There are 14,000 Species
of Mushrooms Reported in the World More than 2000 Species are
Regarded as Edible, Less than 25 Species are Widely Accepted as Food
and only about 12 Species of them have been Domesticated and
Artificially Cultivated.
Mushrooms are becoming Popular not only for their Exotic
Flavour and Taste but also for their Nutritive Value. Mushrooms are Rich
in Protein, Dietary Fiber, Vitamins and Minerals, Moderate
Carbohydrate and Less Lipid. Mushroom is considered as a Complete,
Healthy and Low Calorie Ideal Food and suitable for all Age Groups
and occupy a Place between Meat and Vegetables.
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3. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
Distinctive Feature of Edible Mushrooms
 Presence of a Annulus Ring (Button Mushroom)in the Middle of
the Stalk or Volva (Paddy Straw Mushroom) at the Base of the
Stalk of the Mushroom
 Absence of Annulus Ring and Volva in Oyster Mushroom
 Edible Mushrooms are Delicious Taste.
 They are Soft, Leathery and Woody.
 Edible Mushrooms are Not Attractive Colourful.
 Mostly it is Pleasant Smell.
 Generally Ants, Insects and other Animals Feed the Mushrooms.
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4. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
Major Edible Mushrooms
The Major Edible Mushroom are
 Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
 Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sp.)
 Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella sp.)
 Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica)
 Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
 Wood Ear Mushroom (Auricularia sp.) etc
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5. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
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Button Mushroom
• It is Very Popular Variety due to its
Delicious Taste, Nutritional and
Medicinal Values. This Mushroom is
distributed worldwide and presently
more than 500 species are reported in
Agaricus.
• It is the First largest cultivated
mushroom in the world. Many
Species are used as food for their
nutritive value and it contains High
Protein (35%) and 18% of Fiber in
Dry Weight.

6. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
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Oyster Mushroom
• It is the Second Most Cultivated
Edible and it contains 150 Edible
Varieties which can grow on a
Variety of Substrates under Varied
Conditions in Worldwide.
• The Oyster Mushroom has High
Food Value, it Contains
Carbohydrate (63%), Protein
(20%), Fiber (15%) and Fat (2%)
in Dry Weight .

7. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
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Milky Mushroom
• It is a species of Tropical
Edible mushroom native to India.
It has Long Shelf Life, More
Nutritious and Shorter Cultivation
Duration. So, it becomes the Third
Commercially Cultivated
Mushroom in India after Button
and Oyster Mushrooms.
• It Contains 65% of Carbohydrate,
18% of Protein, 4% of Fiber and
3% of Fat

8. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
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Paddy Straw Mushroom
• This mushroom is very
popular for its taste and flavor.
There are more than 19 Edible
Varieties are Reported in
Straw Mushroom.
• It Contains 55% of
Carbohydrate, 38% of
Protein, 6% of Fiber and 2%
of Fat

9. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
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Shiitake Mushroom
• Shiitake is a native to East Asia,
popular as food and medicine at
global level.
• It is also second most important
edible and medicinal mushroom.
• It is eaten like vegetables and it
Contains 48% of Carbohydrate,
33% of Protein,28% of Fiber and
3% of Fat

10. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
EDIBLE MUSHROOM
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Wood Ear Mushroom
• It is a Jelly Mushroom , Contains
62% of Carbohydrate, 5% of
Protein, 20% of Fiber and 8% of
Fat and fourth most popular
mushroom in the world for its
nutritional and medicinal values.
• It is Very popular ingredient in
many Chinese dishes, such as hot
and sour soup, and also used in
Chinese medicine.

11. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
NON EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
 The Poisonous Macrofungi are called ‘Toadstool’. The word
“Toadstool” means ‘Death Chair’ and it represents Poisonous
and Non-Edible Mushrooms.
 Many Mushrooms are Poisonous and Non-Edible. It Contains
Cytotoxic, Psychoactive Toxic, Nephrotoxic Narcotic and
Hallucinogenic and Lethal Compounds that lead to many Problems
in Gastrointestinal , Respiratory, Nervous and Cardiovascular
System. The Practical Knowledge and Experience are required to
identify the Poisonous Mushrooms.
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12. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Characteristic Features of Poisonous Mushrooms
 A Distinctive Feature of Poisonous Mushrooms is the Presence of
Both the Structures a Annulus Ring in the middle of the stalk
and a Volva (a cup or saucer like Structure) at the base of the stalk
of the Mushroom.
 They are Very Soft
 The Skin of the Cap cannot be Easily Peeled Off.
 Poisonous Mushrooms are Colourful and Attractive.
 Milk like Exudation Oozes out from the damaged part of
Mushroom.
 Poisonous Mushrooms are generally Bitter or Sour in Taste
 Mostly it is Unpleasant Smell.
 Generally Ants, Insects and other Animals do not Feed.
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13. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Major Poisonous Mushrooms
 Cleft Foot Amanita Mushroom (Amanita brunnescens)
 Magic Mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis)
 Torn Fiber Cap Mushroom (Inocybe lacera)
 Fly Agaric Mushroom (Amanita muscaria)
 Ink Cap Mushroom (Coprinopsis atramentaria)
 Brain Mushroom (Gyromitra esculenta)
 Sulphur Tuft Mushroom (Hypholoma fasciculare)
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14. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Cleft Foot Amanita Mushroom
• The Lethal Compound
Amatoxin found in the
Mushroom Cleft Foot Amanita.
• Amatoxin may cause irritation
of the respiratory tract,
headache, dizziness, nausea,
shortness of breath, coughing,
restlessness, diarrhoea,
gastrointestinal disturbances,
back pain, urinary frequency,
liver and kidney damage or
death.
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15. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Magic Mushrooms
• Magic Mushrooms contains a
Psychoactive and Hallucinogenic
compound called Psilocybin.
• Psilocybin is Affects Brain and
Nervous System and it leads to
Excitement, Peacefulness, Spiritual
Awakening, Derealization,
Depersonalization, Distorted
Thinking, Dizziness, Drowsiness,
Muscle Weakness, Unusual Body
Sensations, Nausea, Paranoia,
Confusion and Vomiting
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16. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Torn Fiber Cap Mushroom
• Torn Fiber Cap Mushroom Contains
a Toxic Compound called Muscarine.
• Muscarine affects Gastrointestinal ,
Respiratory and Cardiovascular
system
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17. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Fly Agaric Mushroom
• It Contains a Narcotic and
Hallucinogenic Compound
Muscimol and a Psychoactive
Compound Ibotenate.
• It Causes the Pantherine
Muscaria Syndrome in Humans,
which is characterized by
Dryness of Mouth, Loss of Body
Movement,
Confusion, Excitement, Giddines
s, Tiredness and Drowsiness.
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18. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Ink Cap Mushroom
• Coprine is a Mycotoxin reported in
Ink Cap Mushroom.
• It causes Coprinus Syndrome
includes symptoms like Facial
Reddening, Nausea, Vomiting,
Nervousness, Shivers, Burning and
sometimes Excessive Salivation.
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19. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Brain Mushroom
• Gyromitrin is a Carcinogen present
in Brain Mushroom.
• The Main Symptom of Gyromitrin
is to Delay the Function of the
Central Nervous System. As a Result
Stomach Cramps, Diarrhoea,
Jaundice while severe leads to
Convulsions, Coma or Death.
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20. MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
NON-EDIBLE OR POISONOUS MUSHROOM
Sulphur Tuft Mushroom
• The Principal Toxin of Sulphur Tuft
Mushroom is a Steroid known
as Fasciculol.
• It is a bitter and poisonous
Mushroom causes Vomiting,
Diarrhoea and Convulsions.
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