Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Human Growth and Development sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1GrowthDevelopment
The nurse should recognize that most observable changes in a client with osteoporosis will occur in the skeleton.
Some key points about skeletal changes in osteoporosis:
- Loss of bone mineral density makes bones more brittle and prone to fractures.
- Vertebral compression fractures can cause loss of height and a hunched posture.
- Long bones may appear disproportionately long compared to the shortened trunk.
- Wrist and hip fractures are also common sites of osteoporotic fractures.
So in summary, the skeleton is where the most visible and measurable effects of osteoporosis-related bone loss and fractures will be observed by the nurse upon clinical assessment of a client. Soft tissue
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to loss of tissue, often as a result of hormonal changes or deficiencies in calcium or vitamin D. It is caused by lower bone density and loss of the internal supporting structure of bones. Risk factors include being female, older age, small frame size, family history, and low calcium intake. Symptoms may include back pain, loss of height, and fractures from minor injuries. Diagnosis involves bone density scans and lab tests. Treatment focuses on hormone therapy, medications, calcium/vitamin supplements, exercise, and nutrition.
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become less dense and more prone to fractures over time. It occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation, removing more calcium than can be replaced. Risk factors include older age, female gender, family history, smoking, excessive alcohol, medications, and lack of exercise. Symptoms may include fractures from minor falls or injuries, loss of height, back pain, and stooped posture. It is diagnosed using DEXA scans to measure bone mineral density. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise, calcium/vitamin D supplements, and medications like bisphosphonates, denosumab, or raloxifene to slow bone loss and increase bone strength.
The document provides information on age-related changes to the musculoskeletal system. It describes normal changes such as decreased height, loss of bone mass making bones more brittle, muscle atrophy decreasing lean body mass, and joint degeneration reducing range of motion. The effects of aging on muscles are outlined as a decline in size and number of muscle fibers, decreased strength and endurance, and reduced flexibility. Changes to joints include loss of elasticity in ligaments and tendons and erosion of cartilage. The trajectory of bone loss is discussed as having two phases, an initial more rapid loss and a slower ongoing loss.
1. Back injuries are caused by damage or trauma to the bones, muscles, or tissues of the back and include sprains, strains, herniated discs, and fractured vertebrae, with the lumbar spine being most susceptible.
2. Diagnosis involves physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests like x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
3. Treatment depends on the diagnosis and severity but may include rest, ice/heat therapy, medications, physical therapy, injections, and sometimes surgery.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become brittle and weak, increasing the risk of fractures. It is caused by low bone mineral density due to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process as the body makes less new bone than it breaks down. Risk factors include age, female sex, small body frame, family history, medications, and lack of exercise. It is diagnosed through bone density scans and treated through lifestyle changes like exercise and diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D, as well as prescription medications. Preventing osteoporosis requires building strong bones during childhood and maintaining bone health with exercise and nutrition throughout life.
This document provides an overview of common musculoskeletal diseases and disorders, including definitions, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and prognosis. Key points discussed include:
- Common signs of musculoskeletal diseases include pain, tenderness, swelling, weakness and deformities.
- Herniated disks typically occur in the lower back and cause sciatica. Treatment focuses on rest, heat/cold, analgesics and sometimes surgery.
- Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases fracture risk. It is diagnosed via DEXA scan and treated via calcium supplements, medication and exercise.
- Osteoarthritis causes joint inflammation and pain. Treatment includes NSAIDs, physical therapy and sometimes surgery.
- R
Sheila was diagnosed with osteoporosis in 2005 and treated with Fosamax for 5 years, which improved her bone density but she still had osteopenia. She started practicing yoga daily and in 2012, her bone density had returned to normal levels with yoga being the only significant change. Yoga may help osteoporosis through weight-bearing poses that put stress on bones and through relaxation, as stress causes the body to pull calcium from bones to contract muscles. A study found participants gained over a point in spine density and 4/5 of a point in hip density with just 10 minutes of yoga daily. Yoga is a safe exercise that helps bones without straining joints, and deep relaxation can help reduce stress on
The nurse should recognize that most observable changes in a client with osteoporosis will occur in the skeleton.
Some key points about skeletal changes in osteoporosis:
- Loss of bone mineral density makes bones more brittle and prone to fractures.
- Vertebral compression fractures can cause loss of height and a hunched posture.
- Long bones may appear disproportionately long compared to the shortened trunk.
- Wrist and hip fractures are also common sites of osteoporotic fractures.
So in summary, the skeleton is where the most visible and measurable effects of osteoporosis-related bone loss and fractures will be observed by the nurse upon clinical assessment of a client. Soft tissue
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to loss of tissue, often as a result of hormonal changes or deficiencies in calcium or vitamin D. It is caused by lower bone density and loss of the internal supporting structure of bones. Risk factors include being female, older age, small frame size, family history, and low calcium intake. Symptoms may include back pain, loss of height, and fractures from minor injuries. Diagnosis involves bone density scans and lab tests. Treatment focuses on hormone therapy, medications, calcium/vitamin supplements, exercise, and nutrition.
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become less dense and more prone to fractures over time. It occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation, removing more calcium than can be replaced. Risk factors include older age, female gender, family history, smoking, excessive alcohol, medications, and lack of exercise. Symptoms may include fractures from minor falls or injuries, loss of height, back pain, and stooped posture. It is diagnosed using DEXA scans to measure bone mineral density. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise, calcium/vitamin D supplements, and medications like bisphosphonates, denosumab, or raloxifene to slow bone loss and increase bone strength.
The document provides information on age-related changes to the musculoskeletal system. It describes normal changes such as decreased height, loss of bone mass making bones more brittle, muscle atrophy decreasing lean body mass, and joint degeneration reducing range of motion. The effects of aging on muscles are outlined as a decline in size and number of muscle fibers, decreased strength and endurance, and reduced flexibility. Changes to joints include loss of elasticity in ligaments and tendons and erosion of cartilage. The trajectory of bone loss is discussed as having two phases, an initial more rapid loss and a slower ongoing loss.
1. Back injuries are caused by damage or trauma to the bones, muscles, or tissues of the back and include sprains, strains, herniated discs, and fractured vertebrae, with the lumbar spine being most susceptible.
2. Diagnosis involves physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests like x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
3. Treatment depends on the diagnosis and severity but may include rest, ice/heat therapy, medications, physical therapy, injections, and sometimes surgery.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become brittle and weak, increasing the risk of fractures. It is caused by low bone mineral density due to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process as the body makes less new bone than it breaks down. Risk factors include age, female sex, small body frame, family history, medications, and lack of exercise. It is diagnosed through bone density scans and treated through lifestyle changes like exercise and diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D, as well as prescription medications. Preventing osteoporosis requires building strong bones during childhood and maintaining bone health with exercise and nutrition throughout life.
This document provides an overview of common musculoskeletal diseases and disorders, including definitions, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and prognosis. Key points discussed include:
- Common signs of musculoskeletal diseases include pain, tenderness, swelling, weakness and deformities.
- Herniated disks typically occur in the lower back and cause sciatica. Treatment focuses on rest, heat/cold, analgesics and sometimes surgery.
- Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases fracture risk. It is diagnosed via DEXA scan and treated via calcium supplements, medication and exercise.
- Osteoarthritis causes joint inflammation and pain. Treatment includes NSAIDs, physical therapy and sometimes surgery.
- R
Sheila was diagnosed with osteoporosis in 2005 and treated with Fosamax for 5 years, which improved her bone density but she still had osteopenia. She started practicing yoga daily and in 2012, her bone density had returned to normal levels with yoga being the only significant change. Yoga may help osteoporosis through weight-bearing poses that put stress on bones and through relaxation, as stress causes the body to pull calcium from bones to contract muscles. A study found participants gained over a point in spine density and 4/5 of a point in hip density with just 10 minutes of yoga daily. Yoga is a safe exercise that helps bones without straining joints, and deep relaxation can help reduce stress on
Osteoporosis: Classification, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
In this article, we’ll discuss what osteoporosis is, osteoporosis definition, osteoporosis types, osteoporosis causes, osteoporosis symptoms, osteoporosis medicine, osteoporosis treatment and osteoporosis prevention.
Osteoporosis:
Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass and decay of bone tissue prompting bone delicacy and conceivably breaking with numerous preventable and intrinsic danger factors. Osteoporosis influences bones and makes them more defenseless against sudden and unanticipated breaks and breakage. The term osteoporosis is derived from the Greek words osteon (bone) and poros (pore). For complete article, click on the given link, https://diseases8804.blogspot.com/2021/08/all-you-need-to-learn-about-osteoporosis.html
The document discusses different types of bone fractures. It describes bones and the skeletal system. There are four categories of bones based on shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Bone fractures occur when a bone cannot withstand an applied force or trauma. Fractures are described based on where the break occurs, how fragments are aligned, and if there are complications like an open or closed fracture. Common types of fractures discussed are greenstick, compound, and spiral fractures.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become fragile and more likely to break, affecting over 28 million Americans, mostly women. It is caused by bone loss increasing faster than bone formation as people age. Risk factors include family history, small frame, smoking, excessive alcohol, lack of exercise, and low calcium/vitamin D intake. While there is no cure, lifestyle changes like weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D, not smoking, and medications can help prevent osteoporosis and fractures.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become brittle and weak, increasing the risk of fractures. It is caused by low bone density due to lack of calcium and other minerals in bones. Symptoms include back pain and loss of height. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and medications like corticosteroids. It is diagnosed through tests like DXA scans and treated through lifestyle changes, medications, and hormone therapy.
The document discusses aging and its effects on the spine, including degenerative disc disease, and promotes maintaining a healthy lifestyle and exercise regimen to minimize spinal deterioration over time. It emphasizes that modern medical treatments offer hope for managing neck and back pain caused by spinal issues like degenerative disc disease. The Spinal Research Foundation aims to further advance non-surgical and surgical spinal treatments through research and help ensure insurance coverage for effective solutions.
The document provides a critical look at current trends in strength and conditioning from Aaron Schwenzfeier, an associate director of strength and conditioning and adjunct instructor. It questions trends like Olympic lifting, functional movement screening, corrective exercise, stretching, barefoot running, and other popular training methods. It advocates for an evidence-based approach using scientific inquiry, empirical observation, and randomized controlled trials to determine what truly works versus opinions or anecdotes. The focus should be on practical coaching using common sense rather than following trends or methods without strong evidence of their effectiveness or applicability.
The document discusses osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) tests. It defines osteoporosis as a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, increasing risk of fractures. A BMD test measures bone mineral density to diagnose osteoporosis, detect early bone loss, assess fracture risk, and monitor treatment effectiveness. It is a painless and non-invasive test. Risk factors for osteoporosis include age, gender, family history, smoking, excessive alcohol, and certain medical conditions or medications. Low bone mass is defined as bone density between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean and increases fracture risk.
The effects of aging on the skeletal system and joints include decreased bone density and quality of the bone matrix. The bone matrix becomes more brittle with less collagen as people age. Bone mass peaks at around age 30 and then declines by 0.3-0.5% per year, increasing the risk of fractures. Within joints, lubrication and flexibility decrease with aging. To prevent bone loss, people should engage in weight-bearing exercise and consume adequate calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements. Common skeletal disorders in older adults include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and fractures resulting from falls caused by decreased mobility.
Osteomalacia 2nd-150704155942-lva1-app6892 [autosaved]keerthi samuel
Osteomalacia is a disease characterized by softening of the bones due to defective mineralization, often caused by vitamin D deficiency or malabsorption. It results in bone pain and tenderness, muscle weakness, and increased risk of bone fractures. Diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests showing low calcium and vitamin D levels, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and x-rays revealing demineralized bones. Treatment focuses on vitamin D supplementation, calcium intake, and exercise to help strengthen bones.
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. It is diagnosed through laboratory tests, imaging like x-rays and DXA scans, and medical history. Management involves lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medication to reduce bone loss or stimulate bone formation, and physical therapy to prevent falls and fractures. Regular exercise is important for building bone density and strength.
Bone is living tissue that is constantly broken down and rebuilt. During teenage years, bone growth outpaces breakdown due to hormones, leading to peak bone mass by age 20-30. After age 30, breakdown and rebuilding are balanced until menopause in women causes estrogen loss and more breakdown. People with lupus are at higher risk of osteoporosis due to steroids, inflammation from the disease, and other factors. Regular screening, calcium, vitamin D, exercise, and medications can help prevent or treat osteoporosis in people with lupus.
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by porous and brittle bones. It was first coined by Jean Georges Chretien Frederic Martin Lobstein in the 1830s to describe bones with abnormally large holes. Osteoporosis risk is higher in women, especially after menopause, and can be caused by low estrogen levels, family history, small body size, and not getting enough calcium and vitamin D from diet. While often asymptomatic, osteoporosis can lead to fractures, loss of height, and stooped posture. Maintaining adequate calcium and vitamin D intake through diet and regular weight-bearing exercise can help prevent osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures, especially in the hips, spine and wrists. It affects over 10 million Americans aged 50 and older, with women at higher risk than men. Risk factors include age, gender, family history and previous fractures. Symptoms may not appear until a fracture occurs. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and medication to slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Complications can include pain, loss of mobility and independence from broken bones.
The document discusses osteoporosis, which is a reduction in bone mass and density. It describes the pathogenesis and types of osteoporosis. Risk factors include things like menopause, genetics, lifestyle, and certain medical conditions or medications. Bone density is measured using techniques like DEXA scans to diagnose osteoporosis. Management involves reducing risk factors, nutritional supplementation, exercise, and pharmacological therapies like bisphosphonates or parathyroid hormone. Spinal compression fractures can occur due to osteoporosis and present with back pain. Diagnosis involves imaging and treatment focuses on pain relief, bracing, or vertebroplasty.
02.25.09: Introduction to Pituitary PhysiologyOpen.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 Endocrine sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M2Endo
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Embryology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Embryology
03.02.10: Adrenal Physiology & Steroid Pharmacology; Disorders of the Adrenal...Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 Endocrine sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M2Endo
This document is a lecture presentation on reproductive embryology by Dr. Catherine Keegan from 2009. It covers topics like bladder, ureter and genital development, as well as disorders of sex development. The presentation includes numerous slides with diagrams and explanations of structural formation during gestation. It also presents and discusses three patient cases involving ambiguous genitalia at birth and investigates their potential diagnoses.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Endocrine / Reproduction sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Endo
Protica Inc. is a nutritional research firm specializing in the development of capsulized foods (dense nutrition in compact liquid and food forms). Protica manufactures Profect, IsoMetric, Pediagro, Fruitasia, Proasis and more than 100 other house and private brands in its GMP-certified, 250,000 square foot facility.
Osteoporosis: Classification, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
In this article, we’ll discuss what osteoporosis is, osteoporosis definition, osteoporosis types, osteoporosis causes, osteoporosis symptoms, osteoporosis medicine, osteoporosis treatment and osteoporosis prevention.
Osteoporosis:
Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass and decay of bone tissue prompting bone delicacy and conceivably breaking with numerous preventable and intrinsic danger factors. Osteoporosis influences bones and makes them more defenseless against sudden and unanticipated breaks and breakage. The term osteoporosis is derived from the Greek words osteon (bone) and poros (pore). For complete article, click on the given link, https://diseases8804.blogspot.com/2021/08/all-you-need-to-learn-about-osteoporosis.html
The document discusses different types of bone fractures. It describes bones and the skeletal system. There are four categories of bones based on shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Bone fractures occur when a bone cannot withstand an applied force or trauma. Fractures are described based on where the break occurs, how fragments are aligned, and if there are complications like an open or closed fracture. Common types of fractures discussed are greenstick, compound, and spiral fractures.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become fragile and more likely to break, affecting over 28 million Americans, mostly women. It is caused by bone loss increasing faster than bone formation as people age. Risk factors include family history, small frame, smoking, excessive alcohol, lack of exercise, and low calcium/vitamin D intake. While there is no cure, lifestyle changes like weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D, not smoking, and medications can help prevent osteoporosis and fractures.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become brittle and weak, increasing the risk of fractures. It is caused by low bone density due to lack of calcium and other minerals in bones. Symptoms include back pain and loss of height. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and medications like corticosteroids. It is diagnosed through tests like DXA scans and treated through lifestyle changes, medications, and hormone therapy.
The document discusses aging and its effects on the spine, including degenerative disc disease, and promotes maintaining a healthy lifestyle and exercise regimen to minimize spinal deterioration over time. It emphasizes that modern medical treatments offer hope for managing neck and back pain caused by spinal issues like degenerative disc disease. The Spinal Research Foundation aims to further advance non-surgical and surgical spinal treatments through research and help ensure insurance coverage for effective solutions.
The document provides a critical look at current trends in strength and conditioning from Aaron Schwenzfeier, an associate director of strength and conditioning and adjunct instructor. It questions trends like Olympic lifting, functional movement screening, corrective exercise, stretching, barefoot running, and other popular training methods. It advocates for an evidence-based approach using scientific inquiry, empirical observation, and randomized controlled trials to determine what truly works versus opinions or anecdotes. The focus should be on practical coaching using common sense rather than following trends or methods without strong evidence of their effectiveness or applicability.
The document discusses osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) tests. It defines osteoporosis as a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, increasing risk of fractures. A BMD test measures bone mineral density to diagnose osteoporosis, detect early bone loss, assess fracture risk, and monitor treatment effectiveness. It is a painless and non-invasive test. Risk factors for osteoporosis include age, gender, family history, smoking, excessive alcohol, and certain medical conditions or medications. Low bone mass is defined as bone density between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean and increases fracture risk.
The effects of aging on the skeletal system and joints include decreased bone density and quality of the bone matrix. The bone matrix becomes more brittle with less collagen as people age. Bone mass peaks at around age 30 and then declines by 0.3-0.5% per year, increasing the risk of fractures. Within joints, lubrication and flexibility decrease with aging. To prevent bone loss, people should engage in weight-bearing exercise and consume adequate calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements. Common skeletal disorders in older adults include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and fractures resulting from falls caused by decreased mobility.
Osteomalacia 2nd-150704155942-lva1-app6892 [autosaved]keerthi samuel
Osteomalacia is a disease characterized by softening of the bones due to defective mineralization, often caused by vitamin D deficiency or malabsorption. It results in bone pain and tenderness, muscle weakness, and increased risk of bone fractures. Diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests showing low calcium and vitamin D levels, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and x-rays revealing demineralized bones. Treatment focuses on vitamin D supplementation, calcium intake, and exercise to help strengthen bones.
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. It is diagnosed through laboratory tests, imaging like x-rays and DXA scans, and medical history. Management involves lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medication to reduce bone loss or stimulate bone formation, and physical therapy to prevent falls and fractures. Regular exercise is important for building bone density and strength.
Bone is living tissue that is constantly broken down and rebuilt. During teenage years, bone growth outpaces breakdown due to hormones, leading to peak bone mass by age 20-30. After age 30, breakdown and rebuilding are balanced until menopause in women causes estrogen loss and more breakdown. People with lupus are at higher risk of osteoporosis due to steroids, inflammation from the disease, and other factors. Regular screening, calcium, vitamin D, exercise, and medications can help prevent or treat osteoporosis in people with lupus.
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by porous and brittle bones. It was first coined by Jean Georges Chretien Frederic Martin Lobstein in the 1830s to describe bones with abnormally large holes. Osteoporosis risk is higher in women, especially after menopause, and can be caused by low estrogen levels, family history, small body size, and not getting enough calcium and vitamin D from diet. While often asymptomatic, osteoporosis can lead to fractures, loss of height, and stooped posture. Maintaining adequate calcium and vitamin D intake through diet and regular weight-bearing exercise can help prevent osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures, especially in the hips, spine and wrists. It affects over 10 million Americans aged 50 and older, with women at higher risk than men. Risk factors include age, gender, family history and previous fractures. Symptoms may not appear until a fracture occurs. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and medication to slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Complications can include pain, loss of mobility and independence from broken bones.
The document discusses osteoporosis, which is a reduction in bone mass and density. It describes the pathogenesis and types of osteoporosis. Risk factors include things like menopause, genetics, lifestyle, and certain medical conditions or medications. Bone density is measured using techniques like DEXA scans to diagnose osteoporosis. Management involves reducing risk factors, nutritional supplementation, exercise, and pharmacological therapies like bisphosphonates or parathyroid hormone. Spinal compression fractures can occur due to osteoporosis and present with back pain. Diagnosis involves imaging and treatment focuses on pain relief, bracing, or vertebroplasty.
02.25.09: Introduction to Pituitary PhysiologyOpen.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 Endocrine sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M2Endo
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Embryology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Embryology
03.02.10: Adrenal Physiology & Steroid Pharmacology; Disorders of the Adrenal...Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 Endocrine sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M2Endo
This document is a lecture presentation on reproductive embryology by Dr. Catherine Keegan from 2009. It covers topics like bladder, ureter and genital development, as well as disorders of sex development. The presentation includes numerous slides with diagrams and explanations of structural formation during gestation. It also presents and discusses three patient cases involving ambiguous genitalia at birth and investigates their potential diagnoses.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Endocrine / Reproduction sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Endo
Protica Inc. is a nutritional research firm specializing in the development of capsulized foods (dense nutrition in compact liquid and food forms). Protica manufactures Profect, IsoMetric, Pediagro, Fruitasia, Proasis and more than 100 other house and private brands in its GMP-certified, 250,000 square foot facility.
Drug Drop, Inc. proposes a nationwide, industry-financed drug mailback program to safely dispose of excess pharmaceuticals and prevent water contamination. The nonprofit will establish 10 offices aligned with EPA regions, educating the public and providing prepaid packaging. A board of trustees from industry, government, and citizen groups will oversee the program's efficacy and budget. The plan details startup expenses, 5-year finances, resource needs for 10 regional offices, and risks/rewards of regional privately-held business investments.
The objective of the project is to utilize by‐products from the fruit industry in order
to create a stable fermented beverage using microorganisms for the development
of flavour and alcohol content.
This document discusses the rising costs of healthcare for assisted living facilities and provides an overview of the industry. It summarizes that Medicaid spending on nursing homes grew significantly between 2001 and 2007. The number of waiver participants in assisted living facilities also increased substantially between 2002 and 2009. The target market for assisted living facilities is elderly and disabled individuals aged 65+ who need assistance with daily living activities and are motivated to move into an assisted living facility, especially those who are Medicaid recipients. Competition comes from the availability of funding, knowledge of supportive services, and states' interests in reducing healthcare expenditure growth rates.
Age dependent changes in the human t-cell repertoireeman youssif
This document discusses how the human immune system deteriorates with age through a process called immunosenescence. Specifically, it focuses on how the T cell repertoire changes with age. The thymus involutes starting in early adulthood, significantly decreasing naive T cell production by age 60. While total T cell numbers do not decline much until old age, the diversity of the repertoire is reduced as new naive T cells are no longer generated. The author and colleagues have developed a new method to deeply sequence millions of T cell receptors to better understand how the naive and memory T cell repertoires change with age and whether recombinant IL-7 can increase naive T cell diversity as a potential therapeutic approach.
Young Living therapeutic grade essential oils and NingXia Red antioxidant drink . YL\’s mission to champion nature\’s living energy, by fostering a community of healing and discovery, while inspiring individuals to wellness, purpose and abundance.
The document provides recipes and information for healthy eating. It discusses the importance of a balanced diet for health and maintaining a healthy weight and mind. It lists the five main food groups and provides three recipes: couscous with broccoli and almonds, veggie udon noodles, and pumpkin breakfast smoothie. It also discusses the health benefits of fish and exercise in preventing muscle aging and includes a fish recipe. Finally, it encourages eating fruit for natural sugars and keeping the brain healthy.
Care of aging_skin_spring 2014 abridgedShepard Joy
This document discusses aging changes to the skin and common skin conditions seen in older adults. It begins by outlining normal age-related changes including thinning and drying of the skin. Key skin conditions discussed include xerosis/pruritus, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Nursing assessments and interventions for dry skin and skin cancers are provided.
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1. Membantu meremajakan kulit dan mencegah penuaan kulit.
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3. Memperkuat pembuluh darah dan meningkatkan sirkulasi sehingga dapat membantu mengurangi resiko penyakit jantung.
PRODUK BOTANICAL COLLAGEN ABE® Berasal dari protein tumbuhan SATOIMO (TalasJepang).
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1. Mampu mencegah Kanker
2. Membantu dan mengontrol kadar kolesterol dalam darah
3. Mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah
4. Mencegah penuaan dini
5. Sebagai Antioksidan
Informasi lebih lengkap, silahkan klik:
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This is a powerpoint version of our appeal to investors to raise funds to support the launch of Marquis Platinum (a healthy alternative to energy drinks)
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 Endocrine sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M2Endo
Author: Brent C. Williams, M.D., M.P.H., 2009
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
This document discusses geriatric considerations in nursing. It begins with learning objectives about introducing geriatric nursing, defining geriatrics, aging theories, common age-related changes and problems, care considerations, and government resources. It then defines geriatrics as focusing on healthcare for older adults. Several biological and psychological theories of aging are described. Common age-related changes that can occur in systems like cardiovascular, pulmonary, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, immune, musculoskeletal and skin are outlined.
The document discusses aging and factors that affect the aging process. It covers how aging impacts physical appearance, sense organs, the brain, and sexual/reproductive systems. It also discusses the impact of poor health habits like tobacco/alcohol use, lack of exercise, overeating, and obesity. Finally, it covers ways of measuring health like mortality, morbidity, and quality of life adjustments, as well as variations in aging by gender, genetics, socioeconomic status and other demographic factors.
The document discusses aging and factors that affect the aging process. It describes how aging affects the physical body through decline in organs and senses. It also discusses how lifestyle choices around exercise, nutrition, tobacco/alcohol use can significantly impact health in aging. Finally, it notes there is variability in aging based on gender, genes, socioeconomic status and other demographic and lifestyle factors.
The document discusses various biological theories of aging proposed over centuries. It describes genetic cellular theories which attribute aging to changes in DNA and RNA programmed by genes. Non-genetic cellular theories view aging as damage caused over time by the internal and external environment. Physiological system theories see aging resulting from the gradual failure of regulatory systems in the body. The document also discusses theories around sleep, aging solutions like antioxidants and collagen, and the goals of the Charles Rivers Institute to develop anti-aging therapies and identify mechanisms of aging.
This presentation provides an introduction into the aging of internal organs and the impact it has on brain functions. Specific and pragmatic examples are chosen in terms of impact on brain activities: Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Magnesium are explored.
Geriatrics is a subspecialty of internal medicine that focuses on healthcare for elderly people. It aims to promote health and prevent/treat diseases and disabilities in older adults. Some key theories of aging include programmed senescence (cells have a limited number of divisions), endocrine/hormonal changes, immunological changes, wear and tear, and error catastrophe. Geriatric syndromes that commonly affect older adults include disability, dementia, falls, polypharmacy, pressure ulcers, and urinary incontinence. Dementia is a syndrome involving cognitive decline and can be caused by conditions like Alzheimer's, strokes, infections, and substance abuse. Falls are a leading cause of injury for older adults and risk factors include age
Geriatrics is a subspecialty of internal medicine that focuses on healthcare for elderly people. It aims to promote health and prevent/treat diseases and disabilities in older adults. The term comes from Greek words meaning "old man" and "healer". Geriatrics addresses common geriatric syndromes like disability, dementia, falls, polypharmacy, pressure ulcers, and urinary incontinence. Dementia is a syndrome involving cognitive decline and can have many causes like Alzheimer's disease. It is a growing problem worldwide due to the aging population. Falls are also common in older adults and a leading cause of injury, with risk factors like age, medications, vision problems and muscle weakness. Polypharmacy, taking multiple
anp seminar ppt new.pptx about geriatricKittyTuttu
This document discusses geriatric nursing and considerations for caring for elderly patients. It begins by defining geriatric nursing as focusing on promoting health and preventing/treating disability and disease in older patients. It then discusses several theories of aging, including biological theories related to programmed cell life limits and error accumulation, and psychosocial theories including continuity, disengagement, and activity theories. The document outlines common age-related changes in body systems and disorders, such as respiratory and cardiac issues. It concludes by discussing psychological aspects of aging, special concerns for geriatric patients, and relevant government policies.
This document provides an overview of geriatrics and aging. It defines geriatrics as the care of aged people and notes it is a subspecialty of internal medicine focused on prevention and treatment of age-related disabilities. Key points include:
- Geriatrics aims to address common problems in old age like immobility, instability, intellectual impairment, incontinence, and multiple medical issues.
- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate older patients' medical, psychological and functional status to maximize health and quality of life.
- Research seeks to understand aging processes to develop interventions that may slow or stop aging through approaches like modifying gene expression, repairing telomeres, or
The document discusses a presentation on lifestyle medicine and exercise prescription, including goals of providing knowledge on foundational muscle physiology concepts, exploring exercise as medicine, and developing skills to write exercise prescriptions and motivate patients to change habits. Barriers to counseling patients on exercise are reviewed, along with efficacy evidence of physician counseling, and the need to better train medical students on exercise as preventive medicine.
Aging is the study of life changes that occur as one grows older across biological, psychological, social, legal, and functional domains. Common aging changes include declines in processing speed and working memory, sensory and perceptual changes, and changes in brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, muscles, bones and skin. The immune system also declines with age, making older adults more susceptible to infection. Overall, aging results from both primary aging due to genetic factors and secondary aging due to environmental influences and disease.
This document discusses age-related problems in geriatrics. It begins with definitions of aging, geriatrics, and gerontology. It then covers theories of aging and normal physical, psychosocial, cognitive, and pharmacological changes that occur with aging. Common health problems in older adults are also discussed, including depression, substance abuse, delirium, dementia, geriatric syndromes, and increased susceptibility to infection. The document concludes with sections on the medical and nursing management of various aging-related conditions.
The document discusses various theories of aging from biological, psychosocial, and sociological perspectives. It begins by defining key terms related to aging and the aging process. It then outlines several major biological theories of aging including programmed aging theories that propose genetic factors influence aging and error theories that propose environmental factors lead to cellular damage over time. Psychosocial theories discussed include disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory. The document emphasizes there is no single factor that causes aging and different theories provide explanations for parts of the complex aging process.
This document discusses various theories of aging from biological, psychosocial, and sociological perspectives. It describes several biological theories including programmed aging theories that propose aging is genetically determined and error theories which argue that random environmental factors cause cellular damage over time. Psychosocial theories discussed include disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory. Sociological theories examine how social roles and relationships change as people age. The document emphasizes that no single theory can fully explain the complex aging process and different theories provide guidance for promoting healthy aging.
1. The document discusses issues related to aging and the brain, including trends showing rising rates of Alzheimer's disease and related conditions as populations age.
2. It explores myths around brain aging and function, noting research has disproven ideas like losing brain cells daily or only using a small part of the brain.
3. The document proposes a wellness model to maintain brain health through lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, mental stimulation and managing stress.
This document provides definitions and concepts related to health, wellness, and disease. It discusses positive health, well-being, and disease. Key points include defining health as more than just the absence of disease, and recognizing that well-being has both objective and subjective components. Disease is defined as a physiological or psychological dysfunction, and the natural history and causation of diseases is explained using models like the epidemiological triad.
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This is a lecture by Jim Holliman, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
GEMC- Alterations in Body Temperature: The Adult Patient with a Fever- Reside...Open.Michigan
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
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This is a lecture by Michele Nypaver, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This document provides an overview of ocular emergencies. It begins with an introduction to the Project: Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative and author information. The bulk of the document consists of slides reviewing various eye conditions and emergencies, including styes, chalazions, conjunctivitis, iritis, orbital cellulitis, subconjunctival hemorrhages, and scleritis. Treatment approaches are provided for many of the conditions. The document concludes with a discussion of the eye examination approach and areas to be reviewed.
GEMC- Disorders of the Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall- Resident TrainingOpen.Michigan
This document provides an overview of disorders of the pleura, mediastinum, and chest wall. It discusses several topics in 1-3 sentences each, including costochondritis (inflammation of the costal cartilages), mediastinitis (infection of the mediastinum), mediastinal masses, pneumothorax (air in the pleural space), and catamenial pneumothorax (recurrent pneumothorax associated with menstruation). The document aims to enhance understanding of the major clinical disorders commonly encountered in emergency medicine involving the pleura, mediastinum, and chest wall.
GEMC- Dental Emergencies and Common Dental Blocks- Resident TrainingOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
GEMC- Arthritis and Arthrocentesis- Resident TrainingOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
GEMC- Bursitis, Tendonitis, Fibromyalgia, and RSD- Resident TrainingOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
GEMC- Right Upper Quadrant Ultrasound- Resident TrainingOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Jeff Holmes from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
The document summarizes cardiovascular topics including pericardial tamponade, pericarditis, infective endocarditis, hypertension, tumors, and valvular disorders. It provides details on the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic studies, and management of these conditions. The document also includes bonus sections on cardiac transplant patients, pacemakers and ICDs, and EKG morphology.
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This is a lecture by Joe Lex, MD from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
GEMC: Nursing Process and Linkage between Theory and PracticeOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Jeremy Lapham from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
2014 gemc-nursing-lapham-general survey and patient care managementOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Dr. Jeremy Lapham from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This document discusses the evaluation and management of patients with kidney failure presenting to the emergency department. It covers causes of acute kidney injury including pre-renal, intra-renal and post-renal failure. It also discusses evaluation of kidney function, risks of intravenous contrast, dialysis indications and complications in chronic kidney disease patients including infection, cardiovascular issues and electrolyte abnormalities. Special considerations are outlined for resuscitating, evaluating and treating kidney failure patients in the emergency setting.
GEMC: The Role of Radiography in the Initial Evaluation of C-Spine TraumaOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Dr. Stephen Hartsell from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jim Holliman from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
1. Author: Brent C. Williams, M.D., M.P.H., 2009
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3. Physiology of Aging
Brent C. Williams, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Michigan
Spring 2009
M1 Human Growth & Development
3
4. Intended Learning Outcomes
Distinguish usual from successful aging.
Describe the major age-associated changes in
human physiology.
Understand the “anti-aging” effects of
exercise.
Be able to assess nutritional status of older
adults, including risks from medications.
Appreciate the importance of functional
assessment of older individuals.
4
6. Aging
is not a disease
occurs at different rates
• among individuals
• within individuals
does not generally cause
symptoms
6
7. Characteristics of
Mammalian Aging
cellular and physiologic deterioration
increased mortality with age
following maturation
increased vulnerability to disease
decreased ability to adapt to stress
• impaired homeostasis
7
8. “Normal” Aging as:
Optimal – Best example or idealized
Usual - most common
Universal – seen in all humans
All are influenced by:
• Genetics
- Lifestyle
• Physiology
- Socioeconomics
8
9. Problems with Normal
Aging
heterogeniety
normal does not imply without risk
normal does not imply natural
9
13. Most people live nowhere near
their limits. They settle for an
accelerated aging, and early
and precipitous fall.
They give aging a bad name.
George Sheehan, M.D.
13
14. Intended Learning Outcomes
Distinguish usual from successful aging.
Describe the major age-associated changes in
human physiology.
Understand the “anti-aging” effects of
exercise.
Be able to assess nutritional status of older
adults, including risks from medications.
Appreciate the importance of functional
assessment of older individuals.
14
17. Overview of Aging Physiology
Skin
Musculoskeletal
Body System
Composition
Renal
Vision
GI
Special Senses
Cardiovascular
Nervous System
17
24. Age-Associated Factors-
Special Senses
Auditory and Vestibular
• Presbycusis: high frequency hearing loss
• Vestibular dysfunction
Smell
Oral/Dental
• Teeth: 40% of elderly are edentulous
• Taste
• Salivary function
Pearson Scott Foresman,
wikimedia commons
24
25. Age-Associated Factors-
Nervous System
CNS: decrease in nerve cell
number
basal ganglia atrophy
dopamine and muscular
rigidity
step height
reaction time
PNS: decreased vibratory Gray’s Anatomy, wikimedia commons
sensation
25
26. Age-associated Factors:
Musculoskeletal system
30% loss in muscle mass 3rd to 8th
decade - sarcopenia.
Osteoarthritis
• weight bearing (spine/knees/1st metatarsophalangeals)
• repeated strain (distal interphalanges/1st carpometacarpals)
Osteopenia/-porosis (80% women >65 y/o
osteopenia)
• decreased activity, dietary calcium, estrogen withdrawal
26
27. Aging Renal Physiology
GFR 30-46%
Tubular function
Renal plasma flow ~50%
CrCl = [(140 - age) x (BW)]/[72 x SrCr ]
• Multiply x 0.85 for females
Gray’s Anatomy,
wikimedia commons
• BW in kg (LBW or IBW with edema or obesity)
27
28. Absorption: GI Physiology
GI absorptive cells
GI motility
or normal
Sphincter activity
GI blood flow
Gastric acid secretion
Active transport
Source Undetermined
28
31. Summary: Age-associated changes in
cardiovascular physiology
Maintenance of resting left
ventricular function.
Decreased ability to compensate
for stress or impaired LV function.
• Blunted heart rate response to exercise
requires a compensatory increase in
stroke volume to increase cardiac output.
31
35. 7:00:00
6:22:30
"I don't know if I'll do it
5:45:00 next year. ... But wait
until I hit that magic 95-
5:07:30 year-old age group."
4:30:00 John Besson, Jr., after
finishing the 2002
3:52:30 Portland Marathon, and
lowering the 90+ U.S.
3:15:00 best from 7:25 to 6:48
2:37:30
2:00:00
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age (years) 35
Source Undetermined
36. Intended Learning Outcomes
Distinguish usual from successful aging.
Describe the major age-associated changes in
human physiology.
Understand the “anti-aging” effects of
exercise.
Be able to assess nutritional status of older
adults, including risks from medications.
Appreciate the importance of functional
assessment of older individuals.
36
37. Aging, Health Risks and
Cumulative Disability
Longitudinal study of 1741 U Penn alumni
Health Risk in 1962 (age mean 43 yrs.)
determined from BMI, smoking, and
exercise; low, moderate, high
Disability index determined in 1986: 100%
greater in high than low risk group (1.02
vs, 0.49; P<0.001)
Progression in disability postponed by 7
years.
37
Source: Vita et al., NEJM 338:1035, 1998
40. Rather than seeking permission to
exercise, you should have to get
permission to be sedentary.
Maria Fiatarone, M.D.
40
41. Aging: A state of chronic exercise deficiency?
Only 29% of elderly report any regular exercise.
41
42. Benefits of Exercise
Weight loss
• Decrease central adiposity
• Increase lean body mass
Blood pressure decline
Aerobic capacity increase
Insulin sensitivity increase
Increase bone mass
Increase muscle strength
Increase perceived well being
42
45. Intended Learning Outcomes
Distinguish usual from successful aging.
Describe the major age-associated changes in
human physiology.
Understand the “anti-aging” effects of
exercise.
Be able to assess nutritional status of older
adults, including risks from medications.
Appreciate the importance of functional
assessment of older individuals.
45
46. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Among Older Persons
5-12% in community
30-61% hospitalized
40-85% in long-term care facilities.
46
47. Inadequate Nutrition Among Older
Individuals
Increases severity of disease
Increases possibility of physical
limitations due to decreased musculature
Decreases functional status
Can increase drug effects due to changed
metabolism and/or weight loss
47
48. Importance of Nutrition for Older
Adults
Older Adults are at increased risk of
inadequate diet from:
• Diseases - acute/chronic
» half of hospitalized older patients are malnourished.
• Physical limitations
• Inability to chew and poor oral health
• Social isolation/depression/low income
• Impaired functional status
• Alcohol use and abuse
• Drug - nutrient Interactions
48
49. Causes of Malnutrition
Medications Oral factors Wandering (dementia)
Emotional probs Neoplasia Hyperthyroidism etc
Anorexia Enteric problems
Late-life paranoia Eating problems
Swallowing disorders Low-salt /chol
Social problems
Source: Morley Ann Int Med 1995;123:850-859
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50. Assessing Nutritional Status
Screening tools (e.g. DETERMINE; Mini-Nutritional
Assessment) to identify patients at risk.
Anthropometric data
• BMI, percent weight change
• Changes in body composition
Albumin, cholesterol
Vitamin levels - 25-OH-D3, B12
Involuntary weight loss > 10% (high specificity)
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51. Food Check List
Activities of Daily Living
• What are they able to do?
Food intake
• Food preparation capability or food
provided
• What is being consumed?
» Total amount of food
» Types of food (fruits, vegs, protein
foods, grains)
» Fluids: Water especially
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52. Medication Check List
Number of medications
Possible nutrient-drug interactions
Vitamin B12 status (B12 is less absorbed
with increasing age due to less intrinsic
factor being produced in the stomach)
Vitamin D status (low milk intake, no
sunshine)
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53. How Drugs Affect Nutritional Status
Approximately 34 million Americans are 65
years or older yet they consume 30% of all
medications.
• Average patient taking 3 to 7 medications at one time.
Medications alter food intake, absorption,
metabolism and excretion of nutrients.
Decreases in appetite, taste and smell.
May cause GI disturbances such as nausea,
constipation, and/or diarrhea.
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54. Dietary Recommendations for Older
Individuals
Adequate protein (1.0 gm/kg rather than 0.8).
Ample fruits and vegetables for nutrients and
to avoid constipation.
Optimal Calcium intake for men and women >
age 65: 1500 mg daily
Whole grain products (nutrient density and
fiber).
Ample fluids, especially water.
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55. Intended Learning Outcomes
Distinguish usual from successful aging.
Describe the major age-associated changes in
human physiology.
Understand the “anti-aging” effects of
exercise.
Be able to assess nutritional status of older
adults, including risks from medications.
Appreciate the importance of functional
assessment of older individuals.
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58. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Definition: Things you needed to do for
yourself when you went off to college.
• Grocery Shopping
• Meal preparation
• Driving or using public transportation
• Taking medications
• Laundry
• Using telephone
• Managing finances
• Housework
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59. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Definition: Things you needed to do for
yourself when you went off to college.
• Grocery Shopping
• Meal preparation
• Driving or using public transportation
• Taking medications
• Laundry
• Using telephone
• Managing finances
• Housework
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62. Intended Learning Outcomes
Distinguish usual from successful aging.
Describe the major age-associated changes in
human physiology.
Understand the “anti-aging” effects of
exercise.
Be able to assess nutritional status of older
adults, including risks from medications.
Appreciate the importance of functional
assessment of older individuals.
62