Osteoporosis: Classification, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
In this article, we’ll discuss what osteoporosis is, osteoporosis definition, osteoporosis types, osteoporosis causes, osteoporosis symptoms, osteoporosis medicine, osteoporosis treatment and osteoporosis prevention.
Osteoporosis:
Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass and decay of bone tissue prompting bone delicacy and conceivably breaking with numerous preventable and intrinsic danger factors. Osteoporosis influences bones and makes them more defenseless against sudden and unanticipated breaks and breakage. The term osteoporosis is derived from the Greek words osteon (bone) and poros (pore). For complete article, click on the given link, https://diseases8804.blogspot.com/2021/08/all-you-need-to-learn-about-osteoporosis.html
Everything you should know about Osteoporosis?
What is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a disorder of bones characterized by low bone density and a deterioration of bone micro- architecture that enhances bone fragility and increases the risk of fracture
Osteoporosis becomes a serious health threat for aging men & postmenopausal women by predisposing them to an increased risk of fracture
Do you know that?
Osteoporosis is responsible for >1.5 million vertebral and non-vertebral fractures per year
Spine, hip, and wrist fractures are most common.
Everything you should know about Osteoporosis?
What is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a disorder of bones characterized by low bone density and a deterioration of bone micro- architecture that enhances bone fragility and increases the risk of fracture
Osteoporosis becomes a serious health threat for aging men & postmenopausal women by predisposing them to an increased risk of fracture
Do you know that?
Osteoporosis is responsible for >1.5 million vertebral and non-vertebral fractures per year
Spine, hip, and wrist fractures are most common.
Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and can easily break. It has no symptoms in its early stages and is a public health threat to more than 44 million Americans. In this community lecture given live on our Berkeley Heights, NJ campus, Dr. Toscano-Zukor, explains how to identify your risk factors for osteoporosis as well as prevent and treat this disease.
Know everything about Osteoporosis- prevention and management.
Did You Know?
The incidence of hip fracture is 1 woman to 1 man in India
Know more such facts and useful information on prevention of Osteoporosis.
Osteopenia refers to decreased bone mass.
Osteoporosis refers to osteopenia (reduced bone strength/mass) that is severe enough to increase the risk of fracture.
According to WHO, osteoporosis is defined as bone mineral density that falls 2.5 standard deviation below mean for young healthy adult of same sex and race.
Osteoporosis associated fractures :
These are adulthood fractures of any bones (chiefly hip and vertebral fractures) in the setting of trauma less than or equal to fall from standing height with exception of fingers, toes, face and skull.
Drugs associated with osteoporosis
Alcohol
Glucocorticoids
Anticoagulants
Anticonvulsants
Chemotherapy
Excess thyroxine
Endocrine disorders
Cushing syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis
Diabetes mellitus (both type I and II)
Acromegaly
CATEGORIZATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS
A.Primary
Idiopathic
Postmenopausal
Senile/age related
B. Secondary (Diseases)
Hypogonadal state, endocrine disorders, nutritional and gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatologic disorders, hematological disorders/malignancy, inherited disorders and others.
Usually asymptomatic until fracture occurs
Vertebral and hip fracture common by simple fall
Loss of height due to multiple vertebral fracture and other deformities like lordoisis, kyphoscoliosis.
Fracture of femur neck, pelvis or spine causes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pneumonia.
INVESTIGATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS
DXA (Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry)
Quantitative CT
Ultrasound
Urea, creatinine and electrolytes
Liver function test and albumin
Renal function test
Full blood count, ESR
Serum calcium and phosphate
Serum vitamin D and alkaline phosphate
Serum PTH
Thyroid function test
Testosterone, estrogen and gonadotropins
Serum cortisol
Bone biopsy
Plain radiography not diagnostic
Following non pharmacological approaches are taken:
Exercise
Appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake (Calcium 1000mg/day and vitamin D 800 IU/daily)
Cessation of smoking
Limit/ Quit alcohol intake
Get up and go exercise
Hip protectors to reduce the risk of fracture.
Pharmacological agents
Bisphosphonates ( decrease osteoclast activity)
Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy
Denusumab (anti- RANKL antibody)
Anti- sclerostin antibodies
Cathepsin k antibodies
Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and can easily break. It has no symptoms in its early stages and is a public health threat to more than 44 million Americans. In this community lecture given live on our Berkeley Heights, NJ campus, Dr. Toscano-Zukor, explains how to identify your risk factors for osteoporosis as well as prevent and treat this disease.
Know everything about Osteoporosis- prevention and management.
Did You Know?
The incidence of hip fracture is 1 woman to 1 man in India
Know more such facts and useful information on prevention of Osteoporosis.
Osteopenia refers to decreased bone mass.
Osteoporosis refers to osteopenia (reduced bone strength/mass) that is severe enough to increase the risk of fracture.
According to WHO, osteoporosis is defined as bone mineral density that falls 2.5 standard deviation below mean for young healthy adult of same sex and race.
Osteoporosis associated fractures :
These are adulthood fractures of any bones (chiefly hip and vertebral fractures) in the setting of trauma less than or equal to fall from standing height with exception of fingers, toes, face and skull.
Drugs associated with osteoporosis
Alcohol
Glucocorticoids
Anticoagulants
Anticonvulsants
Chemotherapy
Excess thyroxine
Endocrine disorders
Cushing syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis
Diabetes mellitus (both type I and II)
Acromegaly
CATEGORIZATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS
A.Primary
Idiopathic
Postmenopausal
Senile/age related
B. Secondary (Diseases)
Hypogonadal state, endocrine disorders, nutritional and gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatologic disorders, hematological disorders/malignancy, inherited disorders and others.
Usually asymptomatic until fracture occurs
Vertebral and hip fracture common by simple fall
Loss of height due to multiple vertebral fracture and other deformities like lordoisis, kyphoscoliosis.
Fracture of femur neck, pelvis or spine causes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pneumonia.
INVESTIGATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS
DXA (Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry)
Quantitative CT
Ultrasound
Urea, creatinine and electrolytes
Liver function test and albumin
Renal function test
Full blood count, ESR
Serum calcium and phosphate
Serum vitamin D and alkaline phosphate
Serum PTH
Thyroid function test
Testosterone, estrogen and gonadotropins
Serum cortisol
Bone biopsy
Plain radiography not diagnostic
Following non pharmacological approaches are taken:
Exercise
Appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake (Calcium 1000mg/day and vitamin D 800 IU/daily)
Cessation of smoking
Limit/ Quit alcohol intake
Get up and go exercise
Hip protectors to reduce the risk of fracture.
Pharmacological agents
Bisphosphonates ( decrease osteoclast activity)
Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy
Denusumab (anti- RANKL antibody)
Anti- sclerostin antibodies
Cathepsin k antibodies
Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, bone fragility, and a consequent increase in fracture risk.
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
All you need to learn about osteoporosis
1. ALL YOU NEED TO LEARN
ABOUT OSTEOPOROSIS
Osteoporosis: Classification, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment &
Prevention
2. OSTEOPOROSIS
Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass and decay of bone tissue prompting bone delicacy and conceivably breaking
with numerous preventable and intrinsic danger factors. Osteoporosis influences bones and makes them more defenseless
against sudden and unanticipated breaks and breakage. The term osteoporosis is derived from the Greek words osteon
(bone) and poros (pore).
According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is described by low bone mass and microarchitectural
disintegration of bone tissue, prompting improved bone delicacy and a subsequent expansion in crack danger. WHO
working gathering characterized osteoporosis as "the presence of bone mineral thickness (BMD) or a T-score that is 2.5
standard deviations (SD) or more beneath the mean peak value in youthful, healthy grown-ups".
Your bones are dynamic living tissues that are composed of minerals, essentially calcium salts. These calcium salts are
bound along with the assistance of solid collagen strands. The external shell of bone is called cortical or conservative bone.
Inside compact bone, there is a gentler trabecular bone which has a honeycomb-like construction. At the point when
osteoporosis happens, a hole develops in the trabecular bone and the hole becomes bigger with time which debilitates the
bones.
3.
4. The breakdown of old bone tissue is done by cells, osteoclasts. After breakdown, it is
supplanted by new bone materials. This new material is delivered by cells known as
osteoblasts. The equilibrium ought to be kept up with between the breakdown of old bones
and formation of new bone materials. This equilibrium is significant for keeping up with
bone thickness, strength and structural integrity.
Osteoporosis can influence both males and females. Be that as it may, females are four
times more vulnerable to osteoporosis than males. Ageing, being female, menopause, low
body weight and low sex chemicals are the danger factors for developing osteoporosis. The
most well-known injury that happens because of osteoporosis is broken wrist, broken hip
and broken spinal bone. Osteoporosis can be treated by following preventive measures,
effective and successful treatment plans.
5.
6. CLASSIFICATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS:
Osteoporosis can be delegated as primary or secondary. Primary osteoporosis can be depicted as type 1 or 2. Type 1,
postmenopausal osteoporosis, is associated with broadened cortical and cancellous bone mishap coming to fruition because
of expanded bone resorption, routinely happening during the fundamental 3 to 6 years after menopause.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is shown by vertebral breaks, distal expansiveness breaks, hip breaks, and amazingly a
drawn out tooth debacle aide to osteoporosis of the mandible. Type 2, senile osteoporosis, happens in a wide scope of people
75 years old and more settled with a female to male degree of 2:1.
Cortical and cancellous bone difficulties are relative. These people are at most serious danger for hip, pelvic, and vertebral
breaks. Secondary osteoporosis results from utilization of different remedies or the presence of express sickness states. This
kind of osteoporosis can happen at whatever stage for the duration of regular daily existence and is relatively standard in
people.
The occasion for osteoporosis increments with age; 30% of ladies 80 years old or more settled energize osteoporosis without
clinical intervention. Osteoporosis-related break complaints fabulously combine the vertebrae (regularly suggested as
squeezing factor break), distal sweep, and hips (models meld intertrochanteric and intracapsular hip breaks).
7. Around half of women and 20% of men matured 50 years and more established will uphold an
osteoporosis-related break in the course of their life. Patients who experience hip breaks have a 10%
to 20% higher passing rate and 2.5-wrinkle extended risk of future breaks relative with individuals of
comparable sex and near age without breaks. Moreover, hip breaks bring about a huge number of
complexities for the old, including postponed hospitalization, lessened free living, wretchedness, fear
of future falls, and dependable inadequacy.
An expected 20% require a long stretch nursing home plan and around 60% can't recuperate their
prefracture level of autonomy. Vertebral breaks may be easy or achieve torture that regularly suffers
under 90 days. The beginning injury may be basically pretty much as minor as a hack or turning over
in bed. Vertebral breakdown or deformation can achieve inadequacy or decrease in height, kyphosis,
stomach projection, reduced pneumonic capacity, tenacious back torture.
8.
9. OSTEOPOROSIS CAUSES:
Basically, bone is either cortical or cancellous (trabecular), with the grown-up skeleton containing 80% cortical and 20%
cancellous bone. Thick cortical bone structures the external shell of the skeleton, and permeable cancellous bone structures
the inside structures in a honeycombed style. The extents of cortical and cancellous bone change at various destinations in
the skeleton, with cortical bone prevailing in long bones (∼90%) besides at their closures, which are dominatingly
cancellous. This sort of bone is likewise found in the vertebrae and distal lower arms. A harmony among osteoblast and
osteoclast movement brings about a constant redesigning measure; osteoclasts resorb bone, while osteoblasts assist with
transforming hard surfaces and fill hard cavities.
Bone mass tops during the third decade of life. Around 35 years old, cortical bone continuously starts to diminish 0.3% to
0.5% each year in the two ladies and men. In menopause, the decrease in 17β-estradiol fixations further speeds up cortical
bone misfortune by 2% to 3% each year that is superimposed on age-related bone misfortune. This misfortune progressively
diminishes during the following 8 to 10 years.10 Hormone-related, sped up bone misfortune can likewise happen after
careful oophorectomy. Longitudinal information proposes that estrogen might assume a significant part in the improvement
of osteoporosis in men as well.
10.
11. OSTEOPOROSIS CAUSES:
Serum testosterone focus has been assessed in many investigations; its consequences for bone digestion have been
questionable, with later information recommending that it has a direct helpful impact on bone, however less significantly
than estrogen. Different chemicals controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hub (e.g., progesterone, follicle
stimulating chemical, inhibins, oxytocin, and prolactin) are likewise being read for their impacts on the skeletal system.
Cancellous bone misfortune starts between the ages of 30 and 35 years with yearly declines in ladies of 0.6% to 0.8% (direct
abatement) or approximately2%(curvilinear decline) for a time of a couple of years, likely connected with a diminishing in
estrogen levels during perimenopause and early menopause. Age-related cancellous misfortunes in ladies show up roughly
10 years sooner than cortical bone misfortune.
The impact of menopause on cancellous bone misfortune is disputable; many investigations show an expanded pace of
misfortune, though others do not.5 Thus, early cancellous bone misfortune related to postmenopausal abatements in
cortical and cancellous bone might prompt expanded vertebral and distal forearm fractures, which prevail right on time
after menopause. Men start to lose bone mass following 30 years old.
12. OSTEOPOROSIS CAUSES:
Cortical bone in the proximal radius, as well as cortical and cancellous bone in the distal
radius, lose content at a rate of approximately 1% annually.14 Spine and hip density also
decline with increasing age.
The old bone tissues are broken down and are replaced by new bone materials. During this
process, loss of bone mass occurs and it is a normal process of ageing. In some people, the
loss of bone mass increases than its production. Osteoporosis develops as a result of
excessive breakdown of bone mass.
Certain medicines and medical conditions also increase the risk for developing osteoporosis
such as corticosteroids (prednisone or cortisone) and inflammatory and hormone-related
conditions, or malabsorption and hyperthyroidism.
13.
14. OSTEOPOROSIS SYMPTOMS:
Individuals with osteoporosis don't foster any manifestations in the beginning phases
of sickness. That is the reason it is sometimes called a silent disease. Individuals with
osteoporosis experience crack or breakage even from a minor fall or mishap. Bones in
hip, wrists or the spinal vertebrae are at higher danger for osteoporotic breakage.
The most well-known side effects of osteoporosis are bone cracks, lower back torment,
windedness/ shortness of breath, troublesome breathing (because of little space
between the ribs), short tallness and weakness and weak nails.
15.
16. FOR COMPLETE ARTICLE ON
OSTEOPOROSIS:
HEAD OVER TO THE GIVEN LINK,
https://diseases8804.blogspot.com/2021/08/all-you-need-to-learn-about-
osteoporosis.html