Un meilleur freinage avec de l‘eau.
Le nouvel Actros, l‘Antos et l‘Arocs freinent avec le ralentisseur secondaire à eau de Voith.
Avantages :
Aucune maintenance
• Plus de puissance et de disponibilité de freinage
• Amortissement très rapide
• Meilleure revente du véhicule
• Faible poids
• Faible encombrement
Protéger l’environnement, augmenter le confort.
Le ralentisseur à eau Voith préserve l’environnement
Il utilise l’eau du circuit de refroidissement. Plus aucune vidange d’huile. Les émissions de poussières de frein sont réduites de 80 %.
Confort sur la route :
Conduite sans stress
• Freinages en douceur
• Mise en oeuvre facile par manette et/ou pédale de frein
• Couplage au régulateur de vitesse pour les descentes
Le ralentisseur est réducteur de coûts.
Aucune maintenance
• Utilise le liquide de refroidissement du moteur
• Sans vidange ni entretien
Moins de coûts d’exploitation
• Durée de vie des freins allongée
• Moins d’immobilisation pour la maintenance
• Amortissement entre 1 et 2 ans
Meilleure revente du véhicule
• Demande croissante sur le marché de l’occasion
• Plus-value jusqu’à 2 000 €
Protection de la chaîne cinématique et des marchandises transportées
• Moins de contraintes sur la chaîne cinématique
• Durée de vie des composants allongée
• Les marchandises voyagent dans de meilleures conditions
La sécurité n’a pas de prix.
• Puissance du frein d’endurance et du frein moteur jusqu’à 750 kW / 1 020 CV
• Puissance élevée sur tous les rapports de vitesse
• Meilleure endurance et disponibilité
• Réserve de sécurité grâce aux freins qui restent froids
• Jusqu’à 9 freinages sur 10 possibles avec uniquement le ralentisseur
• Intégré aux divers contrôles de freinage Mercedes
• Mercedes-Benz Packages :
- Z0Z – Pack Top Sécurité
- Z9D – Pack Top Economie
- Z0M – Pack classique ADR
Annuity is a term that is familiar to most of us and that we have been now hearing for over 200 years. Annuities are nothing but products offered by insurance companies that allow you to save on taxes and derive benefit on retirement. These accumulated funds are later repaid to you either for a fixed term, say 5 to 10 year, or for the rest part of your life.
Annuities are quite similar to Collateral deposits. CDs are offered by banks, similarly, insurance companies offer different return schemes on your annuity investments.
What is the meaning of annuity?
For a layman, an annuity is nothing but a contract between two parties, a person, also called as the insured and an organization which is nothing but an insurance company. The insurance company agrees to pay the insured an agreed upon benefit either in the form of regular interval payments or in lump sum.
Who offers an Annuity?
Annuities are presented by Insurance companies. They reach customers by the way of licensed agents. But before you chose to invest with the insurance company, you should check their insurance licenses. State and federal laws and insurance commissions govern the reserve funds, also known as State Legal Reserve Pools.
How does an Annuity Scheme work?
Annuity is a contract. The insured makes a deposit with the insurance company either in a single go or through regular small installments. Depending upon the type of annuity you choose, the money deposited with the insurance company will earn fixed or variable return.
Different Types of Annuity:
• Single premium immediate annuity: The amount is paid in lump sum and the benefits are derived from the immediate next month onwards.
• Single premium deferred annuity: Again, the amount is paid in lump sum but the withdrawals can be made only after specified time limit
• Annual premium deferred annuity: The premium paid to the insurance company is either in form of quarterly, or monthly or bi-annual or annual installments. Withdrawals are deferred to a later date.
• Variable annuity: This is more of a combination annuity scheme where you can chose either to pay a lump sum amount or in installments. You can choose the investment vehicle as well. Thus, the growth of your fund depends on vehicle chosen.
Thus, depending upon the scheme chosen by you, the amount deposited by you grows. At a time elected by you, the insurance company will start disbursing your deposits from your annuity account.
You also have a choice of withdrawing funds in lump sum after a certain time elapses.
Benefits associated with Annuities:
• Tax Deferral: The money invested in an annuity scheme stays tax free and grows tax free till the time you withdraw it. The age set for withdrawals is 59.5 years. Any funds withdrawn prior to this age bear an annual penalty charge of 10%.
• The insured gets a secured guaranteed return for the rest of life, especially post retirement
Thus, annuity offers you a medium of saving, ensuring avoiding probate for your heirs, safety of funds and much more.
Un meilleur freinage avec de l‘eau.
Le nouvel Actros, l‘Antos et l‘Arocs freinent avec le ralentisseur secondaire à eau de Voith.
Avantages :
Aucune maintenance
• Plus de puissance et de disponibilité de freinage
• Amortissement très rapide
• Meilleure revente du véhicule
• Faible poids
• Faible encombrement
Protéger l’environnement, augmenter le confort.
Le ralentisseur à eau Voith préserve l’environnement
Il utilise l’eau du circuit de refroidissement. Plus aucune vidange d’huile. Les émissions de poussières de frein sont réduites de 80 %.
Confort sur la route :
Conduite sans stress
• Freinages en douceur
• Mise en oeuvre facile par manette et/ou pédale de frein
• Couplage au régulateur de vitesse pour les descentes
Le ralentisseur est réducteur de coûts.
Aucune maintenance
• Utilise le liquide de refroidissement du moteur
• Sans vidange ni entretien
Moins de coûts d’exploitation
• Durée de vie des freins allongée
• Moins d’immobilisation pour la maintenance
• Amortissement entre 1 et 2 ans
Meilleure revente du véhicule
• Demande croissante sur le marché de l’occasion
• Plus-value jusqu’à 2 000 €
Protection de la chaîne cinématique et des marchandises transportées
• Moins de contraintes sur la chaîne cinématique
• Durée de vie des composants allongée
• Les marchandises voyagent dans de meilleures conditions
La sécurité n’a pas de prix.
• Puissance du frein d’endurance et du frein moteur jusqu’à 750 kW / 1 020 CV
• Puissance élevée sur tous les rapports de vitesse
• Meilleure endurance et disponibilité
• Réserve de sécurité grâce aux freins qui restent froids
• Jusqu’à 9 freinages sur 10 possibles avec uniquement le ralentisseur
• Intégré aux divers contrôles de freinage Mercedes
• Mercedes-Benz Packages :
- Z0Z – Pack Top Sécurité
- Z9D – Pack Top Economie
- Z0M – Pack classique ADR
Annuity is a term that is familiar to most of us and that we have been now hearing for over 200 years. Annuities are nothing but products offered by insurance companies that allow you to save on taxes and derive benefit on retirement. These accumulated funds are later repaid to you either for a fixed term, say 5 to 10 year, or for the rest part of your life.
Annuities are quite similar to Collateral deposits. CDs are offered by banks, similarly, insurance companies offer different return schemes on your annuity investments.
What is the meaning of annuity?
For a layman, an annuity is nothing but a contract between two parties, a person, also called as the insured and an organization which is nothing but an insurance company. The insurance company agrees to pay the insured an agreed upon benefit either in the form of regular interval payments or in lump sum.
Who offers an Annuity?
Annuities are presented by Insurance companies. They reach customers by the way of licensed agents. But before you chose to invest with the insurance company, you should check their insurance licenses. State and federal laws and insurance commissions govern the reserve funds, also known as State Legal Reserve Pools.
How does an Annuity Scheme work?
Annuity is a contract. The insured makes a deposit with the insurance company either in a single go or through regular small installments. Depending upon the type of annuity you choose, the money deposited with the insurance company will earn fixed or variable return.
Different Types of Annuity:
• Single premium immediate annuity: The amount is paid in lump sum and the benefits are derived from the immediate next month onwards.
• Single premium deferred annuity: Again, the amount is paid in lump sum but the withdrawals can be made only after specified time limit
• Annual premium deferred annuity: The premium paid to the insurance company is either in form of quarterly, or monthly or bi-annual or annual installments. Withdrawals are deferred to a later date.
• Variable annuity: This is more of a combination annuity scheme where you can chose either to pay a lump sum amount or in installments. You can choose the investment vehicle as well. Thus, the growth of your fund depends on vehicle chosen.
Thus, depending upon the scheme chosen by you, the amount deposited by you grows. At a time elected by you, the insurance company will start disbursing your deposits from your annuity account.
You also have a choice of withdrawing funds in lump sum after a certain time elapses.
Benefits associated with Annuities:
• Tax Deferral: The money invested in an annuity scheme stays tax free and grows tax free till the time you withdraw it. The age set for withdrawals is 59.5 years. Any funds withdrawn prior to this age bear an annual penalty charge of 10%.
• The insured gets a secured guaranteed return for the rest of life, especially post retirement
Thus, annuity offers you a medium of saving, ensuring avoiding probate for your heirs, safety of funds and much more.
This presentation explores some of the factors that influence how long a human being lives, what affects the length of our lives, nutrition effects on life span and how to use diet and nutrition to stay healthy and live long.
Nutrition is one of the most important health and lifestyle factors in the determination of health and disease today. This slideshow is about a forgotten way to approach nutrition.
If we were to identify one common wish that unites humanity, it's probably the desire to live as long as possible. A long, healthy, and happy life has been one of man's major pursuits since the dawn of history.
The ancient Egyptians relied on magic spells and strange herbal mixtures thought to prolong life and even achieve immortality. Ancient explorers went on perilous quests in hopes of finding the mythical "fountain of youth". Alchemists through the ages experimented with a range of substances to create the elixir of life. Some of these substances were actually highly toxic!
Table of Contents
1. Meaning, Definitions, Concepts and Causes of Obesity
2. Eating Disorders and Health Risks Associated with Obesity
3. Assessment of Obesity
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
This presentation explores some of the factors that influence how long a human being lives, what affects the length of our lives, nutrition effects on life span and how to use diet and nutrition to stay healthy and live long.
Nutrition is one of the most important health and lifestyle factors in the determination of health and disease today. This slideshow is about a forgotten way to approach nutrition.
If we were to identify one common wish that unites humanity, it's probably the desire to live as long as possible. A long, healthy, and happy life has been one of man's major pursuits since the dawn of history.
The ancient Egyptians relied on magic spells and strange herbal mixtures thought to prolong life and even achieve immortality. Ancient explorers went on perilous quests in hopes of finding the mythical "fountain of youth". Alchemists through the ages experimented with a range of substances to create the elixir of life. Some of these substances were actually highly toxic!
Table of Contents
1. Meaning, Definitions, Concepts and Causes of Obesity
2. Eating Disorders and Health Risks Associated with Obesity
3. Assessment of Obesity
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. Founding director of the Institute of
Aging research at Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Director of
F.Glenn Center of Biology of Aging
Research and of National Institute
of Health’s Nathan Shock Centers of
Excellence in Basic Biology of Aging.
3. One Hundred
Years Young
Why We Age
Cholesterol:
Is More Better?
Growth Hormone:
Less Is More
Unravelling the
Longevity
Mystery Deep
Inside our Cells
The Quest to Prove
Aging Can Be
Targeted
Making Eighty
the New Sixty
Stop the Clock
Bright Horizons
“… book will help you think of aging not as a certainty but as a phenomenon- like many
other diseases and misfortunes- that can be targeted, improved and even cured.”
4. Gerontology
/ˌdʒɛrənˈtɒlədʒi/
noun
the scientific study of old age, the
process of ageing, and the particular
problems of old people
Most chronic diseases are united by
one primary cause, including ‘the big
four’: diabetes, cancer, heart
disease, and Alzheimer’s –
the biology of aging itself
Growing old may seem as normal as
growing up, but when we look closer,
we see that it’s a complex and often
a painful mystery.
”
“
6. Why we Age?
Biological
resources
needed for
reproduction
hurts as we
age
2 3
Shortening of
telomere
drives aging
Decline in
number and
function of
Mitochondria
1 4
Like CDs, cells
scratch with
time > limiting
functionality
5
External
environment
and practices
leads to Aging
9. The author studied more than 750 centenarians to
understand more about aging and to find if we can delay
aging or prevent it altogether.
We experience old age and illness as one and the same thing,
but at 70, SuperAgers have 20-30 more mostly disease-free
years ahead of them.
SuperAgers
The
Studying
Centenarians
10. Unusually high levels of some MDPs
(Mitochondrial-derived peptide)
These proteins originating from mitochondria –
some of which are found only in SuperAgers-builds
resilience against the stresses of aging.
Low level of the growth hormones
Low levels of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
This protein produced in liver helps to grow tissue.
Low levels of this shifts or energy from growth to
survival
High level of good cholesterol
HDL (good cholesterol) protects from heart attacks
and dementia. LDL (bad cholesterol) forms plaque
in our arteries constricting the flow of oxygen-rich
blood to heart and other organs
Longevity Genes Project
11. Stop the Clock
However, there are many things that can be done right now to slow aging process and stay
healthy.
Our maximum potential life span as a species is thought be about 115 years, but many people
die before the age of 80 years after suffering from an avg of 3 diseases
12. Calories matter
Caloric restriction for more healthy years.
In lab experiment, rats with caloric restriction diet lived
over 40% longer than control group
Eating less has effect on
slowing ageing
increasing average
maximal life span
increasing health span
reduce age-related diseases
13. Abdominal fat (visceral fat) is the marker for the onset of
diseases.
Results in decline in metabolism with age.
In lab experiment, rats which had visceral fat removed
outlived control group by 20%.
should be kept in control by doing a combination of exercise
and dietary control
Visceral Fat
14. Exercise
Exercise is the most important intervention for aging.
Helps improve
Cardiovascular health
Regulate weight
Lower our risk of type-2 diabetes
25 minutes of exercise 3-5 times a week for elderly .
15. Micronutrients
Increasing protein for people after certain biological age is
not a right thing to do.
For source of protein meat is the most detrimental to
health.
Moderate amount of carbohydrate
(50-55%) appears to be better for longevity.
BMI around 27 is best range for lowest mortality.
Carrying a few extra pounds after we are 65 may reduce
our risk of disability and increase our longevity.
16. Microscopic
“Friends”
There is evidence linking the health of microbiome with
digestion, immune response, inflammation, bone density
and cognition.
Microbiome in gut seems to benefit from live bacterial
cultures present in food such as yogurt.
Food that appears not to benefit microbes are antibiotics,
laxatives, artificial sweeter, processed food , and a sedentary
lifestyle.
17. Mediterranean
Diet
Of all the popular diets, based on clinical studies, author has
suggested Mediterranean diet.
People eating Mediterranean diet had less diabetes, heart
diseases, and strokes, and they had less cognitive decline.
Author mentions that cold-pressed extra-virgin olive oil
is one of the most significant element of the diet.
Author refers olive oil as Liquid Gold.
19. As we age, our bodies aren’t efficient in absorbing and using
vitamins and minerals.
Thus, supplements are required.
However, some vitamins taken in excess or in combination
with certain drugs can be harmful.
For example, combining exercise with large amount of
vitamin E can be fatal.
50+ aged people may need to boost the intake of Vitamin-
B12, Calcium and Vitamin-D.
Supplements
20. Health and longevity are affected not only by what we eat
and don’t eat but also by when we eat and how long we
fast between meals.
Recommended daily fasting for 16 hours – time body takes
to use up stored sugar.
Eating between early morning and early evening is healthier
than snacking at night.
Author also recommends skipping breakfast as part of
intermittent fasting may contribute to a longer, healthier life.
Fasting
21. Sufficient and sound sleep is one of the most important
aspect of healthy leaving.
Study suggest that people whose sleep was often disrupted
had a 1.68 times greater risk for cognitive impairment,
including Alzheimer’s, than people who slept well.
Sleep
22. Studies suggest that who engaged in mental exercises were
able to maintain the ability to reason and memory for
10 years longer than the control group
Stay Mentally
Sharp
23. There is a significant amount of data from scientific studies
that suggest people who have a strong sense of purpose
are healthier and enjoy a higher quality of life than people
who do not.
Purpose and
Positivity
Studies have found that being optimistic and positive is
associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events, while
being pessimistic is linked to higher risks of these events.
24. • Exercise
• Aerobics: Daily 3 miles running or 10 miles cycling
• Strength training: once a week
• Balanced nutrition and 16 hour Fasting
• Sufficient Sleep and sleep tracking with Fitbit
• Stay mentally sharp by doing research
• Supplements
• NMN+ (believed to activate genes that are related to longevity)
• Aspirin (to avoid deep vein thrombosis)
• Metformin
What Author
Does
25. Metformin
Metformin is a generic, relatively inexpensive, type-2 diabetes drug that helps correct
body’s faulty glucose production by improving insulin action on the liver.
26. Metformin
Evidence suggests metformin also targets cellular aging.
In human studies, it was seen that diabetics who were taking
metformin and suffering from other diseases had lower
mortality ( by 17%) than people who were not diabetic,
had less obesity and fewer diseases in general.
Metformin reduces cardiovascular-disease outcomes by 40%.
27. Metformin
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients taking metformin showed improvement in
executive function- such as attention and memory- after just 8 weeks.
Additional studies showed better survival rates among
the diabetes on metformin than among the control group.
Metformin has a restorative effect on cells that
ultimately delay onset of diseases and increases health span.
Author is currently doing Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) study to prove that
we can target the biology of aging itself.
29. 30,000 significant
difference between
centenarians and
control group
Protein based clock
to determine
Biological age
Personalized medicine
to target aging and
other diseases
Biomarker
identification for early
detection of diseases
High-oxygen treatment
in pressurized cabins
Reversing Cellular aging
The
“Yamanaka Factors”
30. Ability to reverse aging is already contained
within human body.
An embryo is formed by the genetic material
form Parents.
But Life of an embryo start at age zero.