This document provides an overview of common musculoskeletal diseases and disorders, including definitions, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and prognosis. Key points discussed include:
- Common signs of musculoskeletal diseases include pain, tenderness, swelling, weakness and deformities.
- Herniated disks typically occur in the lower back and cause sciatica. Treatment focuses on rest, heat/cold, analgesics and sometimes surgery.
- Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases fracture risk. It is diagnosed via DEXA scan and treated via calcium supplements, medication and exercise.
- Osteoarthritis causes joint inflammation and pain. Treatment includes NSAIDs, physical therapy and sometimes surgery.
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This document discusses Paget's disease of bone. It is a disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling leading to weakened, deformed bone. Causes are unknown but may include genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms depend on location but can include pain, hearing loss, and bone fractures. Diagnosis involves x-rays, blood tests, and bone scans. Treatment focuses on bisphosphonate drugs to reduce bone turnover along with surgery for complications. Risks include fractures, arthritis, and rarely bone cancer.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis that affects the joints, especially in those over 45 years old. It involves the breakdown of cartilage in the joints which leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Risk factors include age, genetics, joint injuries, and obesity. Symptoms may include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and grinding sensations. Diagnosis involves physical exams, x-rays showing cartilage loss and bone spurs, and ruling out other causes. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation with medications and physical therapy, as well as weight loss and joint protection. For severe cases, surgical options like joint replacement may be considered.
This document discusses gouty arthritis, including its causes, stages of progression, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Gout results from deposition of urate crystals in the joints due to elevated uric acid levels. It most commonly affects middle-aged men. Symptoms range from acute attacks of painful inflammation to chronic stages with joint damage and tophi formation. Diagnosis involves identifying urate crystals in joint fluid. Treatment goals include rapidly resolving attacks, preventing future flares, and maintaining long-term uric acid reduction to prevent progression.
This document provides an overview of osteoarthritis (OA), including:
- OA is a degenerative disease affecting synovial joints, characterized by loss of cartilage and new bone growth.
- It most commonly impacts weight-bearing joints like the knee and hip. Risk factors include age, genetics, mechanical factors.
- Clinically, OA presents with pain worsened by activity that improves with rest, morning stiffness under 30 minutes, and functional limitations. Investigations include x-rays showing joint space narrowing.
- Management involves patient education, exercises, weight loss, medications like paracetamol, NSAIDs, opioids, corticosteroid injections, hyaluronic acid injections,
Musculoskeletal Health Concerns of the Aging PopulationAllan Corpuz
This document discusses age-related health problems like low back pain and osteoarthritis that are on the rise due to an aging global population living longer lives. It focuses on low back pain, providing details on epidemiology, risk factors, anatomy, clinical evaluation through history, physical exam, imaging tests and diagnostic considerations. Case examples are presented to illustrate lumbar spondylosis, sciatica due to disc herniation, and degenerative spondylolisthesis diagnoses. The summary highlights the rising prevalence of age-related health issues, evaluation of low back pain, and examples of lumbar spine diagnoses.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in a joint, causing bones to rub together and leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of movement. It is most commonly caused by aging but can result from other factors like injury or genetics. Symptoms usually appear in middle age and worsen with age. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, improving mobility, and preventing further joint damage through weight loss, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or corticosteroid injections. For those not helped by initial treatments, options include topical agents, opioids, viscosupplementation, or surgery. The goals of treatment are to control symptoms and preserve function.
This document discusses three cases of metabolic bone diseases:
1) A 72-year-old woman with severe thoracic pain was found to have osteoporosis based on imaging and lab results.
2) A 33-year-old woman with generalized bone pain for 3 months had low calcium and phosphate levels, indicating she had osteomalacia likely caused by medication-induced vitamin D deficiency.
3) Gout was briefly discussed regarding its acute attack management and long-term prevention.
Common Musculoskeletal (orthopedic) disorders in elderlyBhaskarBorgohain4
elderly and geriatric old age people tend to suffer many orthopedic disability due to common functional limitations and mobility issues as a result of pain from osteoarthritis, osteoporotic fractures, low back pain and degenerative spinal disorders like lumbar spondylosis and vitamin D and nutritional deficiencies. early diagnosis , prevention, timely surgical interventions and optimum rehabilitation are paramount to bring elderly to pre-injury state of functional independence.
This document discusses Paget's disease of bone. It is a disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling leading to weakened, deformed bone. Causes are unknown but may include genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms depend on location but can include pain, hearing loss, and bone fractures. Diagnosis involves x-rays, blood tests, and bone scans. Treatment focuses on bisphosphonate drugs to reduce bone turnover along with surgery for complications. Risks include fractures, arthritis, and rarely bone cancer.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis that affects the joints, especially in those over 45 years old. It involves the breakdown of cartilage in the joints which leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Risk factors include age, genetics, joint injuries, and obesity. Symptoms may include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and grinding sensations. Diagnosis involves physical exams, x-rays showing cartilage loss and bone spurs, and ruling out other causes. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation with medications and physical therapy, as well as weight loss and joint protection. For severe cases, surgical options like joint replacement may be considered.
This document discusses gouty arthritis, including its causes, stages of progression, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Gout results from deposition of urate crystals in the joints due to elevated uric acid levels. It most commonly affects middle-aged men. Symptoms range from acute attacks of painful inflammation to chronic stages with joint damage and tophi formation. Diagnosis involves identifying urate crystals in joint fluid. Treatment goals include rapidly resolving attacks, preventing future flares, and maintaining long-term uric acid reduction to prevent progression.
This document provides an overview of osteoarthritis (OA), including:
- OA is a degenerative disease affecting synovial joints, characterized by loss of cartilage and new bone growth.
- It most commonly impacts weight-bearing joints like the knee and hip. Risk factors include age, genetics, mechanical factors.
- Clinically, OA presents with pain worsened by activity that improves with rest, morning stiffness under 30 minutes, and functional limitations. Investigations include x-rays showing joint space narrowing.
- Management involves patient education, exercises, weight loss, medications like paracetamol, NSAIDs, opioids, corticosteroid injections, hyaluronic acid injections,
Musculoskeletal Health Concerns of the Aging PopulationAllan Corpuz
This document discusses age-related health problems like low back pain and osteoarthritis that are on the rise due to an aging global population living longer lives. It focuses on low back pain, providing details on epidemiology, risk factors, anatomy, clinical evaluation through history, physical exam, imaging tests and diagnostic considerations. Case examples are presented to illustrate lumbar spondylosis, sciatica due to disc herniation, and degenerative spondylolisthesis diagnoses. The summary highlights the rising prevalence of age-related health issues, evaluation of low back pain, and examples of lumbar spine diagnoses.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in a joint, causing bones to rub together and leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of movement. It is most commonly caused by aging but can result from other factors like injury or genetics. Symptoms usually appear in middle age and worsen with age. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, improving mobility, and preventing further joint damage through weight loss, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or corticosteroid injections. For those not helped by initial treatments, options include topical agents, opioids, viscosupplementation, or surgery. The goals of treatment are to control symptoms and preserve function.
This document discusses three cases of metabolic bone diseases:
1) A 72-year-old woman with severe thoracic pain was found to have osteoporosis based on imaging and lab results.
2) A 33-year-old woman with generalized bone pain for 3 months had low calcium and phosphate levels, indicating she had osteomalacia likely caused by medication-induced vitamin D deficiency.
3) Gout was briefly discussed regarding its acute attack management and long-term prevention.
Common Musculoskeletal (orthopedic) disorders in elderlyBhaskarBorgohain4
elderly and geriatric old age people tend to suffer many orthopedic disability due to common functional limitations and mobility issues as a result of pain from osteoarthritis, osteoporotic fractures, low back pain and degenerative spinal disorders like lumbar spondylosis and vitamin D and nutritional deficiencies. early diagnosis , prevention, timely surgical interventions and optimum rehabilitation are paramount to bring elderly to pre-injury state of functional independence.
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown. It most commonly affects older adults and weight-bearing joints like the knee. Non-surgical treatment involves medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs to manage pain as well as physical therapy and weight loss. When conservative options fail to provide relief, procedures like injections, osteotomy, or total knee replacement may be considered to improve function and quality of life.
The document discusses osteoporosis, including its classification, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and management. It classifies osteoporosis into primary and secondary types. Primary osteoporosis includes postmenopausal, senile, and male osteoporosis. Secondary osteoporosis can be caused by hormonal disorders, medications, nutritional deficiencies, and other metabolic diseases. The document provides recommendations on screening and testing for osteoporosis, as well as dietary, pharmacological, and surgical approaches to prevention and treatment. Emerging technologies for osteoporosis detection and management are also reviewed.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the synovial lining of multiple joints. It is characterized by symmetric inflammation of small and large joints that can lead to joint damage and deformity over time. The cause is unknown but genetic and environmental factors like smoking may play a role. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies as well as x-rays showing joint damage. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing further joint destruction using medications like DMARDs, biologics, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Surgical options are considered if conservative treatment fails to control symptoms.
This document discusses osteoporosis treatment and prevention. It covers risk factor assessment, medical management, bisphosphonate drugs like alendronate and risedronate, anabolic agents like teriparatide, complications of treatment like atypical fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw, and principles of fixation for osteoporotic fractures including use of locking plates and intramedullary nails. Surgical augmentation techniques are also mentioned to enhance fixation strength in poor quality bone. Lifestyle measures like calcium, vitamin D, and exercise are recommended for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown. It is the most common form of arthritis, often affecting the knees in 70% of people over age 60. Osteoarthritis can cause functional impairment and disability in older adults and is a leading cause of joint replacement surgery. Risk factors include age, obesity, genetics, and joint trauma. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and preserving function through lifestyle changes, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids. Surgery is considered for severe, treatment-resistant cases.
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of articular cartilage in the joints. As cartilage breaks down, bones rub together causing pain, swelling, and loss of motion of the joints. The most common joints affected are weight-bearing joints like the hips, knees, and spine. Risk factors include age, obesity, joint injury, genetics, and repetitive joint stress from certain occupations and sports. The breakdown of cartilage is caused by an imbalance between the normal synthesis and degradation of cartilage components by chondrocytes within the cartilage. This leads to loss of cartilage cushioning between bones and development of bone spurs and cysts at the joint margins over time.
This document provides an overview of osteoarthritis. It begins by defining osteoarthritis as a type of arthritis caused by the breakdown of cartilage between bones in a joint. It then discusses the common joints affected, occurrences based on age and population, and primary versus secondary causes related to aging, injury, obesity, and other medical conditions. The document outlines symptoms, the etiopathogenesis of cartilage breakdown, diagnostic methods, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options including exercise, weight loss, topical analgesics, oral medications like NSAIDs, and in some cases surgery.
a presentation on Osteoarthritis that covers the basic knowledge regarding OA and help junior doctors especially the house officers and medical officers to get the concept in a simple way.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by the deterioration of cartilage in joints, resulting in bones rubbing together and causing stiffness, pain, and impaired movement. It is common in individuals over 60 years of age, and prevalence is higher in women than men. Risk factors include age, obesity, injury, family history, and certain occupations. Symptoms include joint pain, tenderness, and limited range of motion. Treatment involves exercise, weight loss, medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and corticosteroid injections, and may require surgery like joint replacement for severe cases.
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage. As the cartilage breaks down, the bone ends are no longer protected and begin to rub together causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Risk factors include age, obesity, joint injury and genetics. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness that worsens with use. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, maintaining joint mobility and managing risk factors.
Explain WHAT osteoporosis is and its significance Describe WHY osteoporosis occurs
Know WHO is at risk and WHOM to screen
Outline HOW to investigate it
Decide WHICH way to treat it
Understand the RISKS and complexities of Rx
Know WHEN it is working and WHEN to refer for a specialist opinion
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It typically affects older adults over age 45 and is more prevalent in women. Key symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. While its exact causes are unknown, risk factors include age, obesity, prior joint injury, and genetics. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and viscosupplementation injections. For severe cases not helped by other options, knee replacement surgery may be considered.
1. Asthimajja Vidradhi, described in Sushruta Samhita, can be correlated with osteomyelitis. It is caused by vitiation of all three doshas and presents with suppuration of bone marrow.
2. Brodie's abscess is a sub-acute form of osteomyelitis, presenting as a collection of pus within the bone with an insidious onset.
3. Treatment includes use of anti-inflammatory and wound healing medicines like Pachatikta Ghrita along with procedures like drainage and dressing depending on the severity and stage of infection.
OSTEOARTHRITIS :NOTE: PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS II - Dr.Namitha NAMITHA CHERIYAN
Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease that features the breakdown of cartilage in joints. It primarily affects weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. Risk factors include age, obesity, previous injury, and genetics. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation and confirmed with x-rays. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through medications, physical therapy, weight loss, and surgery for severe cases.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength from decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased risk of fractures, especially of the hip, spine and wrist. Key factors that affect bone strength are bone mineral density, bone quality including collagen quality and microdamage, and bone microarchitecture. Diagnosis involves imaging of the spine and hips by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to determine bone mineral density and T-scores. Treatment focuses on preventing bone loss and fractures through lifestyle modifications and medications that promote bone formation like bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), parathyroid hormone or reduce resorption.
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent joint disease that causes breakdown of cartilage. Non-surgical treatment includes weight loss, physical therapy, bracing, acetaminophen, topical or oral NSAIDs, nutraceuticals like glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, and injectables like steroids or hyaluronic acid. Glucosamine sulfate has been shown to reduce symptoms and possibly prevent further joint space narrowing, making it a potential disease-modifying treatment for osteoarthritis.
These slides are for Yoga Teachers or students of Yoga for understanding the disease and what Yoga program we can offer to our client when they reach you for help. Although every individual is unique and Yoga Therapy should also be made considering what level of disease they are going through.
Disclaimer: We dont take any responsibility if someone starts to follow the program as mentioned in the PPT for any harm or injury.
Rheumatology deals with diseases of the joints, muscles, bones and tendons. The document discusses various types of arthritis including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pseudogout, gout and spondyloarthropathies. It covers the causes, risk factors, symptoms, investigations and treatment options for these conditions. Connective tissue diseases are also described which affect tissues between structures of the body. Management of arthritis in the elderly focuses on exercise, medications, assistive devices and lifestyle modifications.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knee, hip, and hand. Risk factors include age, obesity, previous injury, and genetics. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation with medications and physical therapy. For advanced disease, options include joint injections, bracing, and surgery like arthroscopy, joint replacement, or fusion.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes stiffness, swelling, and pain in the joints. It is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, causing a inflammatory reaction in the synovial membranes surrounding the joints. It most commonly affects the hands, feet and wrists. Risk factors include female gender and genetic factors. Symptoms include symmetric joint pain and stiffness that typically affects the same joints on both sides of the body. Management involves medications to reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage, exercise and physical therapy to maintain joint mobility, and surgery in severe cases.
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown. It most commonly affects older adults and weight-bearing joints like the knee. Non-surgical treatment involves medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs to manage pain as well as physical therapy and weight loss. When conservative options fail to provide relief, procedures like injections, osteotomy, or total knee replacement may be considered to improve function and quality of life.
The document discusses osteoporosis, including its classification, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and management. It classifies osteoporosis into primary and secondary types. Primary osteoporosis includes postmenopausal, senile, and male osteoporosis. Secondary osteoporosis can be caused by hormonal disorders, medications, nutritional deficiencies, and other metabolic diseases. The document provides recommendations on screening and testing for osteoporosis, as well as dietary, pharmacological, and surgical approaches to prevention and treatment. Emerging technologies for osteoporosis detection and management are also reviewed.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the synovial lining of multiple joints. It is characterized by symmetric inflammation of small and large joints that can lead to joint damage and deformity over time. The cause is unknown but genetic and environmental factors like smoking may play a role. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies as well as x-rays showing joint damage. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing further joint destruction using medications like DMARDs, biologics, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Surgical options are considered if conservative treatment fails to control symptoms.
This document discusses osteoporosis treatment and prevention. It covers risk factor assessment, medical management, bisphosphonate drugs like alendronate and risedronate, anabolic agents like teriparatide, complications of treatment like atypical fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw, and principles of fixation for osteoporotic fractures including use of locking plates and intramedullary nails. Surgical augmentation techniques are also mentioned to enhance fixation strength in poor quality bone. Lifestyle measures like calcium, vitamin D, and exercise are recommended for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown. It is the most common form of arthritis, often affecting the knees in 70% of people over age 60. Osteoarthritis can cause functional impairment and disability in older adults and is a leading cause of joint replacement surgery. Risk factors include age, obesity, genetics, and joint trauma. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and preserving function through lifestyle changes, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids. Surgery is considered for severe, treatment-resistant cases.
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of articular cartilage in the joints. As cartilage breaks down, bones rub together causing pain, swelling, and loss of motion of the joints. The most common joints affected are weight-bearing joints like the hips, knees, and spine. Risk factors include age, obesity, joint injury, genetics, and repetitive joint stress from certain occupations and sports. The breakdown of cartilage is caused by an imbalance between the normal synthesis and degradation of cartilage components by chondrocytes within the cartilage. This leads to loss of cartilage cushioning between bones and development of bone spurs and cysts at the joint margins over time.
This document provides an overview of osteoarthritis. It begins by defining osteoarthritis as a type of arthritis caused by the breakdown of cartilage between bones in a joint. It then discusses the common joints affected, occurrences based on age and population, and primary versus secondary causes related to aging, injury, obesity, and other medical conditions. The document outlines symptoms, the etiopathogenesis of cartilage breakdown, diagnostic methods, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options including exercise, weight loss, topical analgesics, oral medications like NSAIDs, and in some cases surgery.
a presentation on Osteoarthritis that covers the basic knowledge regarding OA and help junior doctors especially the house officers and medical officers to get the concept in a simple way.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by the deterioration of cartilage in joints, resulting in bones rubbing together and causing stiffness, pain, and impaired movement. It is common in individuals over 60 years of age, and prevalence is higher in women than men. Risk factors include age, obesity, injury, family history, and certain occupations. Symptoms include joint pain, tenderness, and limited range of motion. Treatment involves exercise, weight loss, medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and corticosteroid injections, and may require surgery like joint replacement for severe cases.
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage. As the cartilage breaks down, the bone ends are no longer protected and begin to rub together causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Risk factors include age, obesity, joint injury and genetics. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness that worsens with use. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, maintaining joint mobility and managing risk factors.
Explain WHAT osteoporosis is and its significance Describe WHY osteoporosis occurs
Know WHO is at risk and WHOM to screen
Outline HOW to investigate it
Decide WHICH way to treat it
Understand the RISKS and complexities of Rx
Know WHEN it is working and WHEN to refer for a specialist opinion
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It typically affects older adults over age 45 and is more prevalent in women. Key symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. While its exact causes are unknown, risk factors include age, obesity, prior joint injury, and genetics. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and viscosupplementation injections. For severe cases not helped by other options, knee replacement surgery may be considered.
1. Asthimajja Vidradhi, described in Sushruta Samhita, can be correlated with osteomyelitis. It is caused by vitiation of all three doshas and presents with suppuration of bone marrow.
2. Brodie's abscess is a sub-acute form of osteomyelitis, presenting as a collection of pus within the bone with an insidious onset.
3. Treatment includes use of anti-inflammatory and wound healing medicines like Pachatikta Ghrita along with procedures like drainage and dressing depending on the severity and stage of infection.
OSTEOARTHRITIS :NOTE: PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS II - Dr.Namitha NAMITHA CHERIYAN
Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease that features the breakdown of cartilage in joints. It primarily affects weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. Risk factors include age, obesity, previous injury, and genetics. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation and confirmed with x-rays. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through medications, physical therapy, weight loss, and surgery for severe cases.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength from decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased risk of fractures, especially of the hip, spine and wrist. Key factors that affect bone strength are bone mineral density, bone quality including collagen quality and microdamage, and bone microarchitecture. Diagnosis involves imaging of the spine and hips by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to determine bone mineral density and T-scores. Treatment focuses on preventing bone loss and fractures through lifestyle modifications and medications that promote bone formation like bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), parathyroid hormone or reduce resorption.
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent joint disease that causes breakdown of cartilage. Non-surgical treatment includes weight loss, physical therapy, bracing, acetaminophen, topical or oral NSAIDs, nutraceuticals like glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, and injectables like steroids or hyaluronic acid. Glucosamine sulfate has been shown to reduce symptoms and possibly prevent further joint space narrowing, making it a potential disease-modifying treatment for osteoarthritis.
These slides are for Yoga Teachers or students of Yoga for understanding the disease and what Yoga program we can offer to our client when they reach you for help. Although every individual is unique and Yoga Therapy should also be made considering what level of disease they are going through.
Disclaimer: We dont take any responsibility if someone starts to follow the program as mentioned in the PPT for any harm or injury.
Rheumatology deals with diseases of the joints, muscles, bones and tendons. The document discusses various types of arthritis including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pseudogout, gout and spondyloarthropathies. It covers the causes, risk factors, symptoms, investigations and treatment options for these conditions. Connective tissue diseases are also described which affect tissues between structures of the body. Management of arthritis in the elderly focuses on exercise, medications, assistive devices and lifestyle modifications.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knee, hip, and hand. Risk factors include age, obesity, previous injury, and genetics. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation with medications and physical therapy. For advanced disease, options include joint injections, bracing, and surgery like arthroscopy, joint replacement, or fusion.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes stiffness, swelling, and pain in the joints. It is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, causing a inflammatory reaction in the synovial membranes surrounding the joints. It most commonly affects the hands, feet and wrists. Risk factors include female gender and genetic factors. Symptoms include symmetric joint pain and stiffness that typically affects the same joints on both sides of the body. Management involves medications to reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage, exercise and physical therapy to maintain joint mobility, and surgery in severe cases.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine. A type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down.
The wearing down of the protective tissue at the ends of bones (cartilage) occurs gradually and worsens over time.
Joint pain in the hands, neck, lower back, knees or hips is the most common symptom.
Medication, physiotherapy and sometimes surgery can help reduce pain and maintain joint movement.
Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that affects cartilage and bone within a joint. It is characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Risk factors include age, genetics, injury, and obesity. Symptoms include pain near the affected joint that worsens with use. Treatment focuses on non-pharmacological options like exercise and weight loss initially. If symptoms are severe, medications like NSAIDs, viscosupplementation, or surgery may be used.
Connective tissue and collagen disorderRahul Ranjan
The document discusses several connective tissue disorders and collagen disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma. It covers the definition, etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and management of each condition. Key points include that osteoarthritis is caused by mechanical stress on joints, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder, gout results from uric acid crystal deposition, SLE can affect multiple organ systems, and scleroderma causes hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.
This document provides information on different types of arthritis. It begins by defining arthritis as joint inflammation and pain that limits movement. The three most common types are then described as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Osteoarthritis is defined as a "wear and tear" type of arthritis that affects cartilage and bone in the joints. Risk factors, symptoms, and treatments are outlined. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes swelling in multiple joints on both sides of the body. Gout involves uric acid crystal buildup in a joint causing sudden severe pain. Diagnosis and management of each type is briefly discussed.
1) The document discusses fractures, traction, kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis in children including causes, types, symptoms, treatment, and nursing considerations.
2) Key points include that fractures heal faster in children, traction is used to realign and immobilize broken bones, and kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis are spinal deformities with various treatment options including bracing and surgery.
3) Nursing care focuses on immobilization, pain management, monitoring for complications, and facilitating healing.
This document provides information about arthritis and occupational therapy treatment. It defines arthritis as a group of disorders affecting the joints. The main types of arthritis discussed are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, septic arthritis, and spinal arthritis. Occupational therapy aims to maintain function and mobility through techniques like splinting, exercises, ergonomics, fatigue management, and assistive devices. Proper evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach are important to arthritis treatment.
This document provides information about various types of arthritis from an expert in rheumatology. It begins with an introduction to arthritis and how it can originate from the joint or surrounding tissues. It then discusses the diagnostic approach and evaluation of a patient with arthritis. The rest of the document discusses specific types of arthritis in more detail, including septic arthritis, gout, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It provides information on clinical features, investigations, diagnosis, and management for each type.
This presentation focuses on different types of arthritis/joint disorders. It provides stepwise approach to evaluation and diagnoses and it's truly wonderful to have a broad overview of many joint conditions in one presentation - ranging from osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, to ankylosing spondilitis, and many others, including fibromyaligia.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) facts
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause chronic inflammation of the joints and other areas of the body.
It can affect people of all ages.
The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known.
In rheumatoid arthritis, multiple joints are usually, affected in a symmetrical pattern.
This document discusses the assessment and management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It begins with an introduction stating that TMD are common and multifactorial. It then discusses the various specialists that may be involved in treatment. The document covers the functional anatomy of the TMJ and associated muscles and nerves. It describes common causes of TMD like occlusal disharmony, trauma, and parafunctional habits. Imaging options for assessment are outlined. Specific TMD conditions discussed in detail include disc disorders, osteoarthritis, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach including education, self-care, physiotherapy, appliances, medications, and behavioral therapies.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and density, causing bones to become more porous and fragile. It most commonly causes fractures in the hip, spine, and wrist. It can be caused by primary factors like genetics or secondary factors like malnutrition, certain diseases, or medications. Symptoms include bone pain and deformities. Diagnosis involves lab tests, x-rays, and DEXA scans. Treatment focuses on prevention through lifestyle changes, calcium/vitamin D supplementation, and medications like bisphosphonates to strengthen bones.
This document provides an overview of metabolic bone diseases with a focus on osteoporosis and Paget's disease. It discusses the clinical approach including history, physical exam, radiological investigations like DXA scans and lab tests. Risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment options for osteoporosis like bisphosphonates, teriparatide, and denosumab are explained. Surgical considerations for patients with osteoporosis are also covered. Paget's disease is defined and its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, complications and treatment are summarized. Key references on the diagnosis and management of metabolic bone diseases are listed.
OA KNEE (1) osteoarthritis of knee for undergraduate and post graduate RDJM.pptxSumitKumar108462
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This document discusses different types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis. It describes the causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for each type. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear on joints and commonly affects the hips and knees. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the joints and can affect other parts of the body. Gouty arthritis occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate in a joint, causing inflammation. Treatment involves medications, physical therapy, bracing, and sometimes surgery.
Similar to Session 7 & 8: Chapter 9 PowerPoint Presentation (20)
This document provides information on various cardiovascular diseases and disorders. It discusses myocarditis, describing its causes as bacterial or viral infections. Signs include nonspecific symptoms like fatigue and fever. Diagnosis involves medical history, blood tests, ECG and imaging. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing damage. It also covers essential hypertension, describing its idiopathic cause and risk factors like age, family history and lifestyle. Signs are often asymptomatic until damage occurs. Diagnosis is based on repeated high blood pressure readings and treatment includes lifestyle changes and medications. Iron deficiency anemia is also discussed, with causes like blood loss, poor diet and malabsorption. Signs include pallor and fatigue and diagnosis uses blood tests to detect low
The document provides an overview of several common endocrine system diseases and disorders including their descriptions, etiologies, signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatments, prognoses, and prevention methods. Specific endocrine diseases covered include hyperpituitarism, hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, simple goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing disease, and diabetes mellitus.
This document provides an overview of several nervous system diseases and disorders. It begins with common signs and symptoms like headaches, weakness, and sensory/motor disturbances. It then discusses specific conditions in more detail including migraine headaches, cerebral concussions, traumatic brain injuries, meningitis, strokes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. For each condition, it describes the definition, etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and prognosis. The goal is to educate students on the nature and management of various nervous system diseases and disorders.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an overview of mental health diseases and disorders. It begins by noting the increasing integration of healthcare and mental healthcare. Approximately 26% of the US population is diagnosed with a mental disorder each year, accounting for 15% of the total disease burden by 2020. Diagnoses are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association. Common mental disorders discussed include depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, intellectual disabilities, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, and sexual disorders. Nature and nurture influences on mental health are also addressed.
This document discusses the disease process and includes:
1. Predisposing factors like heredity, age, gender, environment, and lifestyle that can influence disease.
2. Types of diseases including hereditary, inflammatory, infectious from microorganisms, traumatic injuries, effects of physical agents, neoplasms, immune-related, nutritional imbalances, and those of unknown or iatrogenic causes.
3. Idiopathic refers to a disease of unknown cause.
This document provides an overview of various skin diseases and disorders, including:
- Psoriasis, characterized by chronic pink or red lesions with silvery scaling. Genetic and autoimmune factors may play a role. Symptoms include thick flaky scaling and pruritus.
- Acne vulgaris, an inflammatory disease of hair follicles causing comedos, papules and pustules. Hormonal changes and stress can precipitate outbreaks. Treatment focuses on reducing bacterial infection and inflammation.
- Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory condition causing erythema and pustule formation on the face. Symptoms include flushing of the cheeks, forehead and chin. Treatment includes topical cre
This document provides an overview of congenital diseases and disorders in 3 sections:
1. It defines congenital abnormalities as birth defects that can be caused by genetics or teratogens, which are substances that cause malformations during pregnancy.
2. It describes some examples of congenital heart defects, nervous system diseases, digestive system disorders, genitourinary abnormalities, and musculoskeletal conditions.
3. It briefly discusses some metabolic disorders and genetic syndromes, including Down syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome.
This document provides a summary of key information about cancer including definitions, causes, types, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It defines cancer as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells known as a neoplasm that can be benign (non-life threatening and localized) or malignant (invasive and able to spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis). The document outlines various factors that can increase cancer risks and describes common cancer classification systems and treatment approaches.
This document provides an overview of pain and its management. It begins by describing different treatment models for pain including single-service clinics, pain clinics, and multidisciplinary pain centers. It then defines pain and describes different types such as acute, chronic, nociceptive, and neuropathic. It discusses variables that can influence the experience of pain and theories such as the gate control theory. It also outlines methods for assessing and treating pain, including medications, surgery, placebos, and complementary therapies like acupuncture, massage, and TENS. The document concludes by stating that acupuncture is a pain management treatment from China that was approved by the FDA in 1997.
This document provides an overview of integrative medicine and complementary therapies. It defines key terms like integrative, alternative, and complementary. It also discusses how integrative medicine blends traditional and nontraditional therapies. Additionally, it notes that 38% of US adults use complementary medicine and more than half of medical schools offer courses in alternative medicine. The document outlines different alternative medical systems and therapies and considers factors like mind-body connections and lifestyle that are part of integrative approaches.
The document discusses infectious and communicable diseases, including examples of pandemics, diseases that can be used as biological weapons, common viral and drug-resistant bacterial infections. It also covers infectious diseases that affect children and adolescents as well as the use of vaccines to prevent communicable diseases.
Common respiratory diseases and disorders are described including their signs and symptoms, causes, diagnostic procedures, treatment options and prevention methods. Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a functional diagnosis given to any pathological process that decreases lung function, such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, often due to smoking or air pollution. Asthma is characterized by recurrent attacks of wheezing and shortness of breath triggered by factors like allergens or infections.
This document provides information on various diseases and disorders of the digestive system, including:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs due to weak contraction or abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Symptoms include heartburn and regurgitation. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medication.
- Peptic ulcers are lesions in the stomach or duodenum caused by H. pylori infection or NSAID use. Symptoms include abdominal pain and bleeding. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori and reducing gastric acid production.
- Irritable bowel syndrome is a complex condition involving abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Treatment focuses on diet, stress management, and
This document provides an overview of infertility, sexually transmitted diseases, and reproductive system diseases and disorders that can affect males. It discusses conditions such as gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus infection, trichomoniasis, chlamydial infections, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, epididymitis, and prostatic cancer. For each condition, it describes the definition, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, prognosis, and methods of prevention.
This document provides an overview of common diseases and disorders of the urinary system, including:
- Cystitis and urethritis, which are common UTIs caused by bacteria that can lead to painful urination and urinary frequency. Treatment involves antibiotics and increased fluid intake.
- Pyelonephritis, an inflammation of the kidneys and renal pelvis due to infection that can damage kidney function if left untreated.
- Renal calculi (kidney stones), mineral deposits that form in the kidneys causing pain and potentially blocking urine flow. Treatment focuses on prevention through fluid intake and sometimes surgical intervention.
- Polycystic kidney disease, a genetic disorder where fluid-filled cysts develop in
The document describes a PowerPoint scavenger hunt activity where the user must correctly identify PowerPoint tools by clicking on icons in order to advance through questions. There are 7 multiple choice questions about tools for inserting clip art, text boxes, transitions, saving files, drawing tools, fonts, and text boxes. Students are instructed to email their teacher once they have completed all the activities, which are worth 3 points.
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptxSatvikaPrasad
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
Ensure the highest quality care for your patients with Cardiac Registry Support's cancer registry services. We support accreditation efforts and quality improvement initiatives, allowing you to benchmark performance and demonstrate adherence to best practices. Confidence starts with data. Partner with Cardiac Registry Support. For more details visit https://cardiacregistrysupport.com/cancer-registry-services/
India Home Healthcare Market: Driving Forces and Disruptive Trends [2029]Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled "India Home Healthcare Market - By Region, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, 2029," the India home healthcare market is anticipated to grow at an impressive rate during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including the rising demand for managing health issues such as chronic diseases, post-operative care, elderly care, palliative care, and mental health. The growing preference for personalized healthcare among people is also a significant driver. Additionally, rapid advancements in science and technology, increasing healthcare costs, changes in food laws affecting label and product claims, a burgeoning aging population, and a rising interest in attaining wellness through diet are expected to escalate the growth of the India home healthcare market in the coming years.
Browse over XX market data Figures spread through 70 Pages and an in-depth TOC on "India Home Healthcare Market”
https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-home-healthcare-market/15508.html
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...rightmanforbloodline
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian FailureR3 Stem Cell
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Medical Devices Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Medical Devices Market was valued at USD 15.35 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to witness impressive growth in the forecast period, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.35% through 2029. This growth is driven by various factors, including strategic collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, a growing population, and the increasing demand for advanced healthcare solutions.
Recent Trends
Strategic Collaborations and Partnerships
One of the most significant trends driving the India Medical Devices Market is the increasing number of collaborations and partnerships among leading companies. These alliances aim to merge the expertise of individual companies to strengthen their market position and enhance their product offerings. For instance, partnerships between local manufacturers and international companies bring advanced technologies and manufacturing techniques to the Indian market, fostering innovation and improving product quality.
Browse over XX market data Figures and spread through XX Pages and an in-depth TOC on " India Medical Devices Market.” - https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-medical-devices-market/8161.html
Mental Health and well-being Presentation. Exploring innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing mental well-being. Discover cutting-edge research, effective strategies, and practical methods for fostering mental well-being.
nursing management of patient with Empyema pptblessyjannu21
prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, SPN
Empyema is a disease of respiratory system It is defines as the accumulation of thick, purulent fluid within the pleural space, often with fibrin development.
Empyema is also called pyothorax or purulent pleuritis.
It’s a condition in which pus gathers in the area between the lungs and the inner surface of the chest wall. This area is known as the pleural space.
Pus is a fluid that’s filled with immune cells, dead cells, and bacteria.
Pus in the pleural space can’t be coughed out. Instead, it needs to be drained by a needle or surgery.
Empyema usually develops after pneumonia, which is an infection of the lung tissue. it is mainly caused due in infectious micro-organisms. It can be treated with medications and other measures.
1. Lecture Notes
Classroom Activity to Accompany
Diseases of the Human Body
Fifth Edition
Carol D. Tamparo Marcia A. Lewis
9
Musculoskeletal System
Diseases and Disorders
4. 4
Common Signs and Symptoms of
Musculoskeletal System Diseases and
Disorders
• Pain
• Tenderness,
swelling
• Malaise, weakness,
fatigue
• Fever
• Obvious bone
deformation, including
spontaneous
fractures
• Inflammation
• Stiffness
• Weight, height loss
5. 5
Deformities of the Spine
• Description
• Lordosis: abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar
spine, also called “swayback”
• Kyphosis: abnormal outward curvature of the upper
thoracic vertebra, also called “humpback”
• Scoliosis: abnormal sideways curvature to either the
right or the left
6. 6
Herniated Intervertebral Disk
• Description
• Nucleous pulposus leaks through disk wall into
the spinal canal, pressing on spinal nerves
• Called slipped or ruptured disk
• Commonly occurs between 4th and 5th lumbar
or 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebrae
• More common in men
7. 7
Herniated Intervertebral Disk
• Etiology
• Spinal trauma from fall, straining, heavy lifting
• Intervertebral joint degeneration
• Signs and symptoms
• Severe back pain; worse with movement
• Paresthesia; pain in sciatic nerve
• May be referred to as “sciatica”
8. 8
Herniated Intervertebral Disk
• Diagnostic procedures
• Sciatic pain with straight-leg raising test
• CT scan, MRI
• Myelography
• Rule out other causes of back pain
CT = computed tomography; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.
10. 10
Herniated Intervertebral Disc
Complementary therapy
• Prolotherapy may be successful
• Acupuncture and massage
Client communication
• Tell clients to be “patient” with treatment
• Rest is essential but can frustrate client
• Refer to physical therapist
11. 11
Herniated Intervertebral Disk
• Prognosis
• 80% to 90% get better over time
• Disabling pain after 3 months may require
surgery
• Prevention
• Proper exercise and correct lifting techniques
12. 12
Osteoporosis
• Description
• Metabolic bone disease affecting
10 million Americans
• Bones are brittle, porous, fracture easily due
to decreased calcium, phosphate
• Women, over age 50, small boned at greater
risk
13. 13
Osteoporosis
• Etiology
• Heredity
• Longtime steroid therapy, alcoholism, lactose
intolerance, hyperthyroidism
• Diet high in protein, fat; low lifetime intake of
calcium
• Cigarette smoking
14. 14
Osteoporosis
• Signs and symptoms
• Bone fracture
• Bone pain, especially in lower back and hips
• Diagnostic procedures
• DEXA to measure bone mineral density
• Blood tests
• X-ray
DEXA = Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
15. 15
Osteoporosis
• Treatment
• Dependent upon cause
• Goal: slow loss of mineral calcium, prevent
fractures, control pain
• Calcium, phosphate supplements,
multivitamins
• Bisphosphonate drug therapy
• Physical therapy
18. 18
Osteoporosis
• Prognosis
• Fracture risk increases with age as bone mass
weakens
• Strict adherence to therapy helps
• Permanent disability is possible
• Prevention
• Calcium-rich diet
• DEXA screening for women age 65 and over
19. 19
Osteoporosis
• A DEXA scan measures bone
1. mineral density
2. mass
3. ossification
4. mineral deposits
20. 20
Fractures
• Description
• Break or crack in a bone
• Closed simple: break with no external skin
wound
• Open or compound: break protrudes through the
skin
• Greenstick: bone is partially bent or split
21. 21
Fractures
• Description (cont.)
• Comminuted: bone is broken or splintered
• Impacted: one bone end is forced into the
interior of the other
• Incomplete partial: fraction line does not
include whole bone
22. 22
Dislocations
• Description
• A dislocation or luxation occurs when bone is
separated from the joint
• A subluxation is a partial dislocation
23. 23
Osteoarthritis
• Description
• Chronic inflammatory degeneration of joint
cartilage and bone
• Most common form of arthritis
• Occurs equally in the sexes until after age
55; then women are more at risk
35. 35
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Complementary therapy
• Same as for osteoarthritis
• 8 to 10 hours of sleep at night
• Periodic rests during daily activities
Client communication
• Provide emotional support
• Recommend occupational therapy
36. 36
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
• Prognosis
• RA requires lifelong treatment
• Has no cure
• Disease generally is progressive
•Prevention
• None known
37. 37
Gout (Gouty Arthritis)
• Description
• Chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
• Uric acid crystals appear in synovial joint
fluid
• Urate compound deposits (tophi) are in,
around extremity joints
• Affects men more than women
42. 42
Gout (Gouty Arthritis)
Complementary therapy
• Abstinence from alcohol
• Low-fat, high-fiber diet
• Intake of bioflavinoids
• Increase fluids
Client communication
• Take NSAIDs with meals
• Encourage increased fluid intake
43. 43
Gout (Gouty Arthritis)
• Prognosis
• Good with proper treatment
• Complications include hypertension, kidney stones,
renal damage
• Prevention
• None known
• Low-purine diet, adequate hydration may lessen risk
of gout
44. 44
Gout (Gouty Arthritis)
• Gout is characterized by ____ in the
synovial fluid.
1. calcium crystals
2. urea
3. uric acid crystals
4. carbonate
45. 45
Sprains and Strains
• Description
• Sprains: tearing or stretching of a ligament
surrounding a joint
• Strains: over-stretching of a tendon or
muscle
46. 46
Bursitis and Tendonitis
• Description
• Bursitis: inflammation of bursa; commonly
found in shoulder, arm, elbow, knee
• Tendonitis: inflammation of tendon;
commonly found in shoulder rotator cuff, hip,
Achilles tendon, or hamstring
47. 47
Bursitis and Tendonitis
• Etiology
• Bursitis: caused by frictional forces, trauma,
systemic diseases, infection
• Tendonitis: results from overuse, RA,
postural misalignment, or hypermobility
48. 48
Bursitis and Tendonitis
• Signs and symptoms
• Tenderness or pain upon movement of
affected part
• Swelling, edema at site
• Pain may interfere with sleep
50. 50
Bursitis and Tendonitis
• Treatment
• Applications of cold and heat
• Immobilization of affected part, analgesics,
NSAIDs, local steroid injections
• Physical therapy or hydrotherapy to help
maintain range of motion
51. 51
Bursitis and Tendonitis
Complementary therapy
• Immobilization and rest of affected part
• Acupuncture, gentle massage
Client communication
• Teach clients to avoid offending activity
• Impress the necessity for rest
• Teach daily activity skills using decreased
mobility as necessary
52. 52
Bursitis and Tendonitis
• Prognosis
• Bursitis is good if treated promptly; can
become chronic
• Tendonitis can become disabling if untreated
• Prevention
• Avoid trauma, strenuous exercise, or
overuse of joints
53. 53
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Description
• Common syndrome compresses median
nerve in wrist within the carpal tunnel
• Seen in individuals performing repetitive
motion
54. 54
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Etiology
• Overuse and incorrect use of hands and
fingers causes inflammation
• Edema, compression of the median nerve
55. 55
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Signs and symptoms
• Pain, burning, numbness, or weakness in
one or both hands
• Inability to make a fist or grip
• Pain may interfere with sleep
56. 56
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Diagnostic procedures
• History
• Decreased sensation to pinpricks
• Positive Tinel sign
• Tingling over median nerve
• Electromyogram
57. 57
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Treatment
• Rest of wrist, wearing splint
• NSAIDs
• Surgical decompression of the nerve through
resection of the carpal tunnel ligament
58. 58
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Complementary therapy
• Yoga, relaxation techniques, acupuncture
Client communication
• Information on posture; wrist rests; ergonomic
keyboards; proper holding, carrying, lifting can be
helpful
59. 59
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Prognosis
• Good, especially with proper care and
attention
• Prevention
• Proper work place ergonomics
• Avoid repetitive movements of the hand and
wrist
60. 60
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Carpal tunnel is caused by compression of
the
1. median nerve
2. ulnar nerve
3. radial nerve
4. carpal nerve
61. 61
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Description
• Chronic, inflammatory connective-tissue
disorder damaging cells and tissues in the
body
• Affects women 8 times more than men
62. 62
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Etiology
• Autoimmune response that is unknown
• Genetic, hormonal, environmental factors
considered
63. 63
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Signs and symptoms
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever
• “Butterfly rash” on face and neck
• Skin photosensitivity
• Joint, muscle pain
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Raynaud phenomenon
64. 64
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Diagnostic procedures
• Anti-DNA test is most specific test for SLE
• CBC with differential
• ESR, serum electrophoresis
65. 65
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Treatment
• Dependent upon organs affected
• Corticosteroids
• Protective clothing/sunscreen to protect skin
66. 66
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Complementary therapy
• Avoid cow’s milk, beef products
• Increase green, yellow, orange vegetables
• Supplements with vitamins C, B complex
Client communication
• Rest, low-sodium, low-protein diet
recommended
• Heat for joint pain and stiffness
67. 67
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Prognosis
• Improves with early detection, careful
treatment
• Poor if cardiovascular, renal, or neurologic
complications occur
• Prevention
• None known
68. 68
Fibromyalgia
• Description
• Chronic condition characterized by pain in
the muscles, ligaments, tendons, muscle
tenderness, and constant fatigue
• Women are 80% more likely than men to
develop this condition
70. 70
Fibromyalgia
• Signs and symptoms
• Pain begins as a dull muscle ache
• Tender points develop
• Exhaustion due to lack of restful sleep
71. 71
Fibromyalgia
• Diagnostic procedures
• Physical examination showing widespread
pain lasting 3 months at 11 out of 18
possible tender points
• CBC, ESR, thyroid function
72. 72
Fibromyalgia
• Treatment
• Goal is reduction of pain and to improve
sleep
• Analgesics, antidepressants, antiseizure
medications
• The drug milnacipran
73. 73
Fibromyalgia
Complementary therapy
• Acupuncture, massage, chiropractic
• Yoga, meditation, low impact exercise
Client communication
• Advise that healthy diet, reduction of stress, and
adequate sleep can help alleviate symptoms
76. 76
Credits
Publisher: Margaret Biblis
Acquisitions Editor: Andy McPhee
Developmental Editors: Yvonne Gillam, Julie Munden
Backgrounds: Joseph John Clark, Jr.
Production Manager: Sam Rondinelli
Manager of Electronic Product Development: Kirk Pedrick
Electronic Publishing: Frank Musick
The publisher is not responsible for errors of omission or for consequences from application of information in this
presentation, and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to its content. Any practice described in this
presentation should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used with regard to the
unique circumstances that may apply in each situation.