department of architecture BUITEMS Quetta

1. URBAN PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION

2. GROUP MEMBERS
• AYESHA AAMIR
• AZHAR
• AYAZ KHAN KAKAR
• ADNAN BACHA
• ABU BAKAR
• ZEERAK KHAN
• AMEER HAMZA

3. INTRODUCTION
• Public transportation or public transit is a
shared passenger transport service which is
available for use by the general public, as
distinct from modes such as taxicab, carpooling
or hired buses which are not shared by
strangers without private arrangement.
• A system of vehicles such as buses or trains that
operates at regular times on fixed routes and
are used by the public. Greater investment in
public transport would keep more cars off the
road.

4. INTRODUCTION
• Buses, trains, subways, and other forms of transportation
that charge set fares, run on fixed routes, and are
available to the public.
• Public transport modes include city buses, trolleybuses,
trams (or light rail) and passenger trains, rapid transit
(metro/subways/undergrounds etc) and ferries. Public
transport between cities is dominated by airlines,
coaches, and intercity rail. High-speed rail networks are
being developed in many parts of the world.

5. TYPES OF PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATIONPublic Transportation Consists of a Variety of Modes
• Buses
• Trolleys and light rail
• Subways
• Commuter trains
• Streetcars
• Cable cars
• Van pool services
• Para transit services for Senior citizens and people with
disabilities
• Ferries and water taxis
• Monorails and tramways

6. TA
XI• A taxicab, also known as a taxi or a cab, is a type of vehicle with a
driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often
for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between
locations of their choice.
• A motor vehicle licensed to transport passengers in return of
payment of a fare and typically fitted with a taxi meter.
• A car that carries passengers to a place for an amount of money that
is based on the distance traveled.

7. TAXI

8. HORSE
CART• A horse-drawn vehicle is a mechanized piece of equipment pulled by
one horse or by a team of horses. These vehicles typically had two or four
wheels and were used to carry passengers and/or a load.
• A two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle is a cart (see various types below,
both for carrying people and for goods). Four-wheeled vehicles have many
names – one for heavy loads is most commonly called a wagon.
• Horses and carts have been used together since at least the fifth century
B.C., around the time when the wheel was invented. These basic vehicles
consisted of wooden boxes or crossed wooden stakes, connected to
horses by leather or rope

9. HORSE
CART• The horse and cart played a prominent role in medieval
European society. Generally, people who didn’t walk used
horse-drawn carts as their primary mode of transport, and
merchants used the carts to transport their wares.
• Today, draft horse breeds are still displayed at ceremonial
events such as when the queen of England is trooping the royal
colors. They’re also found at horse driving shows, where teams
of highly trained draft horses pull carriages of various sizes. One
of the most common uses of horse and carts nowadays are in
paid city tours or even as taxis, in cities throughout the world.

10. HORSE CART

11. Bus
es• Public transport bus services are generally based on regular operation of transit
buses along a route calling at agreed bus stops according to a published public
transport timetable.
• Urban or suburban services is the most common type of public transport bus
service, and is used to transport large numbers of people in urban areas, or to and
from the suburbs to population centres.
• Express bus services are services that are intended to run faster than normal bus
services, by either operating as a "limited stop" service missing out less busy stops,
and/or travelling on faster roads such as freeways rather than slower moving local
roads.
• Park and ride bus services are designed to provide an onward passenger journey
from a parking lot. These may be branded as shuttle or express services, or part of
the standard bus network.

12. BUSES

13. TRAMS OR
LIGHT RAIL• Trams and light rail are forms of urban public transport; with a handful of
exceptions, tramways and light rail systems across the world are almost exclusively
passenger-carrying operations. There is no hard and fast definition of what
constitutes 'Light Rail' or what the difference is between light rail and trams, and
there are different opinions on what exactly the terms mean.
• A tram, usually known in North America as a 'streetcar', 'trolley car' or 'trolley', is a
vehicle which runs on fixed rails and is designed to travel on streets, sharing road
space with other traffic and pedestrians.
• Many of the tram systems in the UK utilize former railway alignments, or share
what were previously railway-only alignments with heavy rail services.

14. LIGHT
RAILS• The term 'light rail' is used to describe railway operations using smaller vehicles which
have a lower capacity and lower speed than conventional railways; light rail
infrastructure is designed to be cheaper to build and maintain. Light rail is an
intermediate transport mode, catering for short intra- and inter-urban journeys—stops
are generally closer together than commuter railways but further apart than local bus
routes.
• A common feature of many light rail systems, particularly those which feature street
running, is that they are more integrated into the urban environment than conventional
railways.
• Light rail systems almost universally feature electric power, although there are a
very small number of diesel light rail vehicles. Tram-train, a modern concept which
has been trialled in Germany, features hybrid vehicles which travel into a city on
main line railway tracks, under diesel power if necessary, before switching to tram
tracks and electric power for the journey through the city centre.

15. TRAMS AND LIGHT RAILS

16. TRAI
NS• A ​railway ​engine ​connected to​ carriages for ​carrying ​people or
to ​wheeled ​containers for ​carrying ​goods.
• A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles that
usually runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers. Motive
power is provided by a separate locomotive or individual motors in self-
propelled multiple units.
• Trains can also be 'mixed', comprising both passenger accommodation and
freight vehicles. Such mixed trains are most likely to occur where services
are infrequent, and running separate passenger and freight trains is not
cost-effective, though the differing needs of passengers and freight usually
means this is avoided where possible.

17. TRAINS

18. COMMUTER
RAILS• Commuter rail, also called suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that
primarily operates between a city centre, and the middle to outer suburbs beyond
15 km (10 miles) and commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers
of commuters — people who travel on a daily basis. Trains operate following a
schedule, at speeds varying from 50 to 200 km/h (30 to 125 mph). Distance charges
or zone pricing may be used.
• Commuter rail is a passenger train that can be operated by diesel fuel, or overhead
electrical wires or a combination of the two.
• This transit mode is used for local or regional service, typically of longer distances,
operating between a central city and surrounding communities or activity centers.

19. COMMUTER
RAILS• Commuter rail vehicles have a heavier frame and larger body than light rail
vehicles, and usually operate in an existing rail corridor along freight and/or
passenger lines
• Electrical Multiple Units
• Electric Multiple Units (EMU) are powered by overhead electrical wires. The EMU is
heavier than a light rail vehicle, but operates in the same way. It is powered by an
overhead electrical system.
• Diesel Multiple Units
• Diesel Multiple Units (DMU) are powered by diesel engines. Sleeker looking than a
locomotive hauled train, a DMU is powered by a diesel motor rather than a
locomotive.

20. CAR
POOLING• Carpooling is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person
travels in a car.
• By having more people using one vehicle, carpooling reduces each person's
travel costs such as fuel costs, tolls, and the stress of driving.
• Vanpools are an element of the transit system that allow groups of people
to share the ride similar to a carpool, but on a larger scale with concurrent
savings in fuel and vehicle operating costs.
• Vehicles may be provided by individuals, individuals in cooperation with
various public and private support programs, through a program operated
by or on behalf of an element of government, or a program operated by or
on behalf of an employer.

21. VAN POOL AND CAR
POOL

22. PARATRANSIT
SERVICES• Paratransit is recognized in North America as special transportation services for
people with disabilities, often provided as a supplement to fixed-route bus and rail
systems by public transit agencies.
• Paratransit services may vary considerably on the degree of flexibility they provide
their customers.
• At their simplest they may consist of a taxi or small bus that will run along a more
or less defined route and then stop to pick up or discharge passengers on request.
• Typically minibuses are used to provide paratransit service, but taxis and are also
important providers. Most paratransit vehicles are equipped with wheelchair
lifts or ramps to facilitate access.

23. PARATRANSIT
SERVICES

24. FERRI
ES• A ferry is a boat that is designed to move people from one
point to another.
• In cities located on large bodies of water, or areas with a
large number of rivers and canals, ferries form an
important part of the transportation system.
• In addition to being used by people and their cars, they are
also utilized by shipping trucks and trains, and used to load
and transport materials in bulk.
• A number of different designs accommodate different
uses.

25. FERRI
ES• In general, a modern ferry runs on a regular schedule,
allowing people to plan trips around it.
• In population dense areas, the service may be very
frequent, to accommodate large numbers of people.
• The most basic type of ferry just holds people, usually
providing minimal amenities because the trip is short.
• When the boat arrives at the other end, the people can
disburse onto other forms of public transit such as buses or
trains. In many parts of the world, people use ferries to
avoid commute traffic.

26. FERRIES

27. MONOR
AIL• A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail,
typically elevated. The term is also used to describe the beam of the
system, or the vehicles traveling on such a beam or track.
• Monorails are trains that run on a one-rail track, often elevated
above the ground level.
• The single-rail construction distinguishes monorails from any other
elevated railway, although light rails and elevated cable car systems
are often wrongly classified as monorails.

28. MONORAIL

29. METRO BUS-
LAHORE• Metro Bus Service Lahore inaugurated in Lahore on 10 Feb,
2013. It indeed is an ambitious project by the Govt. of the
Punjab, as envisioned by Chief Minister Shahbaz Sharif.
• The Lahore Bus Rapid Transit or Lahore Metro bus is a bus rapid
transit (BRT) system in Lahore
• Metro bus service is started in 3 main cities of of PAKISTAN
• LAHORE
• Islamabad
• Rawalpindi

30. METRO BUS-LAHORE
•Lahore is the 2nd Largest in
Pakistan
•With population of over 10
Million people, traffic is serious
issue for a growing city like
Lahore
•In order to sustain the growth
of Lahore, a safe, reliable and
efficient mass Transit System
was required
•Hence, the Metro Bus System
was envisaged to provide
comfortable and affordable
transportation services to the
people of Lahore

31. QUICK FACTS
•Total Length: 27
Kilometers
•Total Cost: 29.7 Billion
Rupees
•Total Buses: 100
•Capacity per Bus: 108
People
•Project Completion
Time: 12 Months
•Total Stops: 27
•Total Feeder Routes: 34
•Total Expected MBS
users per Day: 50,000
•Total Lines Planned: 3

32. METRO BUS-
LAHORE• All Buses have been produced specifically for the Lahore MBS by
Volvo.
• The ‘Arctic Buses’ hold 108 passengers and are standard for all major
Bus Rapid Transit Systems including the one in Tehran and Istanbul
• Each bus has special seating for Women & Children as well as for
Handicapped Persons. All buses are elevated for easier passenger
entry at platforms.
• There are a total of 27 Stations
• 9 Of these stations are elevated while the rest are at ground level
• Each station is equipped with generators, escalators, a tuck shop and
comfortable waiting areas.

33. ROUTE
The Metro bus System Line-
1 from Gajjumata To
Shahdara is established in
Lahore. MBS Line-1 is
approximately 27 KM long
running in the North-South
direction through the heart of
Lahore. Key locations
throughout the city are
targeted to allow maximum
number of citizens from
surrounding areas to avail the
bus services. Initially, 27
stations were planned
and built along the MBS
corridor .

34. METRO BUS-LAHORE
• The concept of Metro Bus System (MBS) is a rapid mode of
transportation that can provide the quality of rail transit with the
flexibility of buses. MBS has been implemented in several cities
throughout the world as a low-cost, rail-like method of moving
people quickly and efficiently.
• And design to carry 18000 passenger per hour per direction.
• The project will start from near Flashman Hotel on Mall Road
Rawalpindi and follow the existing Murree Road up to Faizabad. It will
then turn left into the federal territory and follow I.J.P. road up to 9th
Avenue.

35. QUICK FACTS
•Total Length: 22.5
Kilometers
•Total Cost: 44.21 Billion
Rupees
•Total Buses: 64
•Capacity per Bus: 108
People
•Project Completion
Time: 10 Months
•Total Stops: 27
•Total Expected MBS
users per Day: 153,000

36. METRO BUS• According to the Islamabad Transport Company, the daily ridership of the Metro
bus exceeds 130,000 with the peak hourly ridership being 10,000 passengers per
hour per direction
• Labour and some tourists have the same route to commute. Now, they can easily
avail the metro bus service
• The MBS is an affordable initiative, which will go a long way in reducing emissions
and traffic volume. It offers safe, reliable and comfortable transport .
• It is not reaching out to colleges, universities, hospitals and offices nearby, so that
all these students could also have availed it instead of some other private
transport.

37. SAN FRANCISCO- CABLE
CAR SYSTEM• The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last manually
operated cable car system.
• An icon of San Francisco, the cable car system forms part of the
intermodal urban transport network operated by the San
Francisco Municipal Railway.
• Of the twenty-three lines established between 1873 and
1890, three remain (one of which combines parts of two earlier
lines): two routes from downtown near Union
Square to Fisherman's Wharf, and a third route along California
Street.

38. CABLE CARS
While the cable cars are
used to a certain extent by
commuters, the vast
majority of their 7 million
annual passengers are
tourists. They are among the
most significant tourist
attractions in the city, along
with Alcatraz Island,
the Golden Gate Bridge,
and Fisherman's Wharf. The
cable cars are listed on
the National Register of
Historic Places.

39. NEWYORK CITY-
SUBWAYS• The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New
York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the
state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
• The New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one
of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most
stations and the most trackage. It offers rail service 24 hours per day and every
day of the year.
• The system is also one of the world's longest. Overall, the system contains 233
miles (375 km) of routes, translating into 660 miles (1,060 km) of revenue track;
and a total of 846 miles (1,362 km)
• By annual ridership, the New York City Subway is the busiest rapid transit rail
system in the United States and in the Western world, as well as the seventh
busiest rapid transit rail system in the world; the metro (subway) systems
in Beijing, Seoul, Shanghai,Moscow, Tokyo, and Guangzhou record a higher annual
ridership.

40. NEWYORK CITY- SUBWAYS

41. TRAFFIC ISSUES IN
PAKISTAN• Serving a population of over 180 million, the transportation
system in Pakistan is still passing through developmental
stages. It hasn’t yet achieved that much level of excellence
and maturity as you see in the developed and more
advanced nation states of the world, like the US, the UK,
China, Japan, and Germany. Owing to various structural,
developmental, management and organizational issues, the
situation on the roads is getting worse. Traffic jams and
fatal road accidents have become an oft-witnessed
phenomenon across the majority of the roads loaded with
heavy traffic.

42. TRAFFIC ISSUES
IN PAKISTAN
Such unfortunate incidents
not only entail the loss of
precious public property, but
also claim the lives of many
innocent citizens. For
addressing the issues
associated with the Pakistani
traffic system, first you need
to find out and enlist all the
prevailing problems and then
solve them in the best
possible way. Following are
some of the obvious and
towering traffic problems in
Pakistan:

43. Lack of
Infrastructure
The biggest problem with our
national transportation mechanism
is that of the insufficient
infrastructure which falls very short
of meeting the growing demands of
the ever increasing traffic pool on
the roads. Every year, a fairly large
number of new vehicles are thrust
to the already overburdened
network without creating some
extra capacity in it for
accommodating the influx. The
obvious outcome of such a
structural deficiency is the
miserable scene that you often
happen to witness around you. The
only solution is to take immediate
measures for the development of
additional infrastructure.

44. Faulty and Less
Durable
Constructions
The second most serious problem
encountered by the driving public on
the roads is that of the low standard
and less durability of the construction
work. This is partly owed to the
insufficiency of developmental fund
and partly to the negligence observed
on the part of the contractors. The
construction companies that
undertake such projects make use of
less durable material and
inappropriate engineering techniques
to save some extra cash. That is why
majority of the roads in the country
are almost always seen as under
construction. It, in reality, not only
causes loss to the economy but also
poses serious hindrance to the traffic
flow, often leading to gruesome
accidents

45. Ignorance to
Traffic Rules
The majority of the unwanted incidents
occurring on the roads are caused by hasty,
unruly and risky driving practice. People
get driving licenses through the
recommendations of influential people (i.e.
their favorite patronizing authorities)
without even getting prior training. Such
ill-trained drivers are liable to make fatal
mistakes, thus putting into danger their
own lives as well as those of other
innocent citizens sharing the common
route. Secondly, careless attitude is also
noticed among the general public who only
make haste while crossing the road from
any point they find feasible for themselves.
For successfully tackling this demanding
problem, the concerned authorities have
to run large scale awareness campaigns
and work for the betterment of the corrupt
system.

46. Mismanagement &
Corruption
Corruption is considered to be one
of the most heinous issues that are
threatening our national peace and
prosperity. Mismanagement is also
posing a serious obstacle on the
way to the ultimate prosperity of
the country. Both of these social
evils have also deeply penetrated in
the traffic police department. The
officials assigned with the task of
enforcing traffic laws often let the
laws be broken in exchange for a
little monetary benefit. When
drivers are caught violating the
rules, they offer a proportion of
Challan fee as bribe and escape the
legal punishment.

47. TRAFFIC ISSUES IN PAKISTAN
• Besides these issues, there are also a
multitude of other menaces connected with
our transportation system. Owing to the
gravity of these problems, they will prove to
be even more troublesome if you leave them
unchecked. On the other hand, if serious
efforts are made, it will take only a little time,
courage and determination to root out all of
these issues.