Earth science encompasses the study of Earth and its neighbors in space. It includes geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. The document discusses theories of Earth's formation from a rotating nebula, its layered structure including the crust, mantle and core, and its major spheres - the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere. It also describes plate tectonics, methods of representing Earth's surface including latitude, longitude, maps and topographic maps, the concept of Earth as a complex, interacting system, environmental problems facing the planet, and the scientific method of gathering facts, formulating hypotheses and testing theories.
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed,
Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks, and
Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time.
The relative age of a rock is its age when compared with the ages of other rocksThe absolute age of a rock is a calculation of the number of years that have passed since the rock formed.
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed,
Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks, and
Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time.
The relative age of a rock is its age when compared with the ages of other rocksThe absolute age of a rock is a calculation of the number of years that have passed since the rock formed.
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESSSimple ABbieC
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
geologic processes that occur within the Earth and
the folding and faulting of rocks
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid with definite chemical composition and that exhibits a crystalline structure.
Characteristics of Minerals
1. A mineral is Naturally-Occurring
A mineral should be naturally-occurring with respect to its formation.
It should be made by natural processes without the aid of any organism.
In the case of laboratory studies, any material that is formed in laboratories or artificial conditions is not considered a mineral.
2. A mineral is Inorganic
It is formed by inorganic processes and does not contain any organic compound.
The process to produce a mineral by natural means is extended further by making sure that no organic material ( or what was once part of an organism) be considered a mineral.
This would mean that bones, shells, teeth, and other hard parts of an organism are not minerals.
3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid
We should be able to see something that is uniform in appearance and is in the solid state of matter.
This property of minerals is very important especially when dealing with materials in other states such as liquids and gases.
A mineral should exhibit stability at room temperature, which can only be attained if it is solid.
4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition
Most minerals are chemical compounds and can therefore be represented using a fixed or variable chemical formula.
Example:
A mineral with a fixed chemical formula is quartz (SiO2). This indicates that the mineral quartz contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms.
5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure
Minerals look like crystals since the arrangement of their atoms is ordered and repetitive.
Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.
NOTE: Knowing whether a material is crystalline or not would require sophisticated methods such as involving the use of X-rays (XRD).
Mineraloids
Any material which passes most of the criteria (but not all) we have set can be considered a mineraloid.
Most of the time, mineraloids are naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solids with definite chemical compositions but with no ordered internal structure.
Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.
This Powerpoint Presentaion is used for my 11th Grade Earth Science Reporting as a major requirement for our sujbect. It talks about the tectonic processes and Plate boundaries with its theories..
Geologic time primer & carbon dating reviewMarcus 2012
http://marcusvannini2012.blogspot.com/
http://www.marcusmoon2022.org/designcontest.htm
Shoot for the moon and if you miss you'll land among the stars...
Learning Unit. The Universe and the Solar System. First Year. PresentationROCIO YUSTE
Learning Unit. The Universe and the Solar System. First Year. Presentation. Unidad Didáctica, El universo y el sistema solar, para alumnos de primer curso de la ESO. Presentación.
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESSSimple ABbieC
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
geologic processes that occur within the Earth and
the folding and faulting of rocks
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid with definite chemical composition and that exhibits a crystalline structure.
Characteristics of Minerals
1. A mineral is Naturally-Occurring
A mineral should be naturally-occurring with respect to its formation.
It should be made by natural processes without the aid of any organism.
In the case of laboratory studies, any material that is formed in laboratories or artificial conditions is not considered a mineral.
2. A mineral is Inorganic
It is formed by inorganic processes and does not contain any organic compound.
The process to produce a mineral by natural means is extended further by making sure that no organic material ( or what was once part of an organism) be considered a mineral.
This would mean that bones, shells, teeth, and other hard parts of an organism are not minerals.
3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid
We should be able to see something that is uniform in appearance and is in the solid state of matter.
This property of minerals is very important especially when dealing with materials in other states such as liquids and gases.
A mineral should exhibit stability at room temperature, which can only be attained if it is solid.
4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition
Most minerals are chemical compounds and can therefore be represented using a fixed or variable chemical formula.
Example:
A mineral with a fixed chemical formula is quartz (SiO2). This indicates that the mineral quartz contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms.
5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure
Minerals look like crystals since the arrangement of their atoms is ordered and repetitive.
Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.
NOTE: Knowing whether a material is crystalline or not would require sophisticated methods such as involving the use of X-rays (XRD).
Mineraloids
Any material which passes most of the criteria (but not all) we have set can be considered a mineraloid.
Most of the time, mineraloids are naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solids with definite chemical compositions but with no ordered internal structure.
Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.
This Powerpoint Presentaion is used for my 11th Grade Earth Science Reporting as a major requirement for our sujbect. It talks about the tectonic processes and Plate boundaries with its theories..
Geologic time primer & carbon dating reviewMarcus 2012
http://marcusvannini2012.blogspot.com/
http://www.marcusmoon2022.org/designcontest.htm
Shoot for the moon and if you miss you'll land among the stars...
Learning Unit. The Universe and the Solar System. First Year. PresentationROCIO YUSTE
Learning Unit. The Universe and the Solar System. First Year. Presentation. Unidad Didáctica, El universo y el sistema solar, para alumnos de primer curso de la ESO. Presentación.
Touring the Universe (An Introduction to Formation of the Universe)
I hope this lesson can shed light to SHS Grade 11 Science Teachers. My appeal to those who will download this ppt. please email me at marileahmendina08@gmail.com for my own references. I would be glad to hear from you.
Chapter 2 Geology of Ethiopia and the Horn. The geology of Ethiopia includes rocks of the Neoproterozoic East African Orogeny, Jurassic marine sediments and Quaternary rift-related volcanism. Events that greatly shaped Ethiopian geology is the assembly and break-up of Gondwanaland and the present-day rifting of Africa.
This power point is important for all Ethiopian first year freshman universities students for the common course of Geography of Ethiopia and the Horn (GeES 1011), It is prepared on the bases of the module with additional explanations, important maps & explanatory images are included.
This power point mainly focuses on the geological history of the Earth in general and Ethiopia in particular. It is the best source of for all first year university freshman student of Ethiopia. if you are studying this course for A+ this material will definitely help. this material proven to be helpful by students of number of universities for the past four years.
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the Earth and its Subsystems (The Four Spheres).
Introduction of earth science and branches of earth science..
uploaded by Zunaira, Department of environmental science islamiya university of bahawalpur.
Just as physicists create simplified models to better understand the real world, they use the tools of mathematics to analyze and understand their observations
Computer forensics once specialized is now mainstream due to our total dependence on data. Experts deal not only with computer related crime such as hacking, software piracy, and viruses but also with conventional crimes including fraud, embezzlement, organized crime and child pornography.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
3. 1.1 What Is Earth Science?
Overview of Earth Science
Encompasses all sciences that seek
to understand
• Earth
• Earth's neighbors in space
4. 1.1 What Is Earth Science?
Overview of Earth Science
Earth science includes
1. geology, the study of Earth
2. oceanography, the study of the ocean
3. meteorology, the study of the atmosphere
and the processes that produce weather
4. astronomy, the study of the universe
5. 1.1 What Is Earth Science?
Formation of Earth
Most researchers conclude that Earth
and the other planets formed at
essentially the same time.
Nebular Hypothesis
• The solar system evolved from an enormous
rotating cloud called the solar nebula.
6. 1.1 What Is Earth Science?
Formation of Earth
Nebular Hypothesis
• The nebula was composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium.
• About 5 billion years ago, the nebula began
to contract.
• It assumed a flat, disk shape with the
protosun (pre-Sun) at the center.
7. 1.1 What Is Earth Science?
Formation of Earth
Nebular Hypothesis
• Inner planets begin to form from metallic and
rocky clumps.
• Larger outer planets began forming from
fragments with a high percentage of ices.
9. 1.1 What Is Earth Science?
Formation of Earth
Layers Form on Earth
• As Earth formed, the decay of radioactive
elements and heat from high-velocity impacts
caused the temperature to increase.
• Lighter rocky components floated outward,
toward the surface.
• Gaseous material escaped from Earth’s interior
to produce the primitive atmosphere.
10. 1.2 A View of Earth
Earth's Major Spheres
1. Hydrosphere
• Ocean is the most prominent feature of the
hydrosphere.
- Is nearly 71% of Earth's surface
- Holds about 97% of Earth's water
• Also includes fresh water found in streams,
lakes, and glaciers, as well as that found
underground
11. 1.2 A View of Earth
Earth's Major Spheres
2. Atmosphere
• Thin, tenuous blanket of air
• One half lies below 5.6 kilometers (3.5 miles)
3. Biosphere
• Includes all life
• Concentrated near the surface in a zone that
extends from the ocean floor upward for
several kilometers into the atmosphere
12. 1.2 A View of Earth
Earth's Major Spheres
4. Geosphere
• Based on compositional differences, it
consists of the crust, mantle, and core.
- Crust—the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth.
- Mantle—the 2890-kilometer-thick layer of
Earth located below the crust.
- Core—the innermost layer of Earth, located
beneath the mantle.
14. 1.2 A View of Earth
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics is the theory that
proposes that Earth’s outer shell
consists of individual plates that interact
in various ways and thereby produce
earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and
Earth’s crust itself.
15. 1.3 Representing Earth’s Surface
Determining Location
Latitude and longitude are lines on the
globe that are used to determine
location.
• Latitude is distance north or south of the
equator, measured in degrees.
• Longitude is distance east or west of the
prime meridian, measured in degrees.
16. 1.3 Representing Earth’s Surface
Maps and Mapping
No matter what kind of map is made,
some portion of the surface will always
look either too small, too big, or out of
place. Mapmakers have, however, found
ways to limit the distortion of shape, size,
distance and direction.
17. 1.3 Representing Earth’s Surface
Topographic Maps
Topographic maps represent Earth’s
surface in three dimensions; they show
elevation, distance directions, and slope
angles.
• Contour lines are lines on a topographic map
that indicate an elevation.
• Contour interval is the distance in elevation
between adjacent contour lines.
18. 1.4 Earth System Science
What Is a System?
A system is any size group of interacting
parts that form a complex whole.
Closed systems are self contained
(e.g., an automobile cooling system).
Open systems allow both energy and
matter to flow in and out of the system
(e.g., a river system).
19. 1.4 Earth System Science
Earth as a System
Earth is a dynamic body with many
separate but highly interacting parts
or spheres.
Earth system science studies Earth
as a system that is composed of
numerous parts, or subsystems.
20. 1.4 Earth System Science
Earth as a System
Sources of Energy
• Sun—drives external processes such as
weather, ocean circulation and erosional
processes
• Earth’s interior—drives internal
processes including volcanoes,
earthquakes and mountain building
21. 1.4 Earth System Science
Earth as a System
Consists of a nearly endless array of
subsystems (e.g., hydrologic cycle)
Humans are part of the Earth system.
22. 1.4 Earth System Science
People and the Environment
Environment
• Surrounds and influences organisms
• Physical environment encompasses water,
air, soil, and rock
• The term environmental is usually reserved for
those aspects that focus on the relationships
between people and the natural environment.
23. 1.4 Earth System Science
People and the Environment
Resources
• Include water, soil, minerals, and energy
• Two broad categories
1. Renewable—can be replenished (e.g.,
plants, energy from water and wind)
2. Nonrenewable—cannot be replenished in
the near future (e.g., metals, fuels)
24. 1.4 Earth System Science
People and the Environment
Population
• Population of the planet is growing rapidly
• Use of minerals/energy has climbed more
rapidly than the overall growth of population
26. 1.4 Earth System Science
Environmental Problems
Local, regional, and global
Caused by people and societies
• Urban air pollution
• Acid rain
• Ozone depletion
• Global warming
Caused by natural hazards
• Earthquakes
• Landslides
27. 1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry?
Science
Science assumes the natural world is
• consistent
• predictable
Goals of science are
• to discover patterns in nature
• to use the knowledge to predict
28. 1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry?
Hypothesis and Theory
An idea can become a
• hypothesis—tentative or untested explanation
• theory—tested, confirmed, supported hypothesis
Scientific Method
• Gather facts through observation
• Formulate hypotheses
• Test hypotheses to formulate theories
29. 1.5 What Is Scientific Inquiry?
Science Methods
Scientific knowledge is gained through
• following systematic steps
1. Collecting facts
2. Developing a hypothesis
3. Conducting experiments
4. Reexamining the hypothesis and accepting,
modifying, or rejecting it
• theories that withstand examination
• totally unexpected occurrences