Its about the criticisms of Communication Accommodation Theory, its application, the U-curve, W-curve, co-culture and how it affects people

3.  is growing a sense of cultural unity
throughout the world. It is the contact
and interaction of one country to
another

4. Difference of cultural
convergence and
divergence

5. CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
 As Movement
- this seeks to lessen.
 As Approach
- Encourages culture to become aware to
others
 As Cultural Enrichment
- It is learning from the experiences and
insights of other culture.

6. CULTURAL
CONVERGENCE
EXAMPLES

7. Accessing language
1. •English language-became a main
language of communication for people
around the group driven by economic
realities.
°Business leaders
° In School
°EFL

8. 2. Celebrating Sports
 Sport event is culture of its own.
 -it brings together people from all culture
that understand and appreciate the game

10. Communication Accommodation Theory
 is a communication theory which emphasis
the adjustments that people does while
communicating.
ORIGINS OF C.A.T.
 First introduced in 1971, Communication
Accommodation Theory, which was known
as Speech Accommodation Theory at the
time

11. ORIGINS OF C.A.T.
 Howard Giles, the professor of
communication at the University of
California.
“when people try to emphasis or minimize
the social difference between the others
whom they interact with”

12. Two types of accommodation process
explained in this theory:
Convergence- is a process where people
tend to adapt the other person’s
communication characteristics to reduce the
social differences.
Divergence- the process contradicts the
method of adaptation and in this context the
individual emphasise is on the social
difference and nonverbal differences
between the interactants.

13. Application:
The communication accommodation theory is
applicable in various communication
processes.
 studied in the mass media (Bell, 1991)
 with families (Fox, 1999)
 with Chinese students (Hornsey & Gallois,
1998)

14. Application:
 with the elderly (Harwood, 2002)
 on the job (McCroskey & Richmond, 2000)
 in interviews (Willemyns, Gallois, Callan,
& Pittam, 1997)
 even with messages left on telephone
answering machines (Buzzanell, Burrell,
Stafford, & Berkowitz, 1996)

15. Criticisms of C.A.T
 That people can and do become
unreasonable and even irrational during
conflict.
 That Communication Accommodation
Theory assumes that both parties are
communicating in a rational manner

16. Criticisms of C.A.T
 That conversations often seem to be too
complex to be broken down into
components as simple as convergence and
divergence.

17. INTERCULTURAL
ADAPTATION

18.  “As the process through which
persons in cross-cultural interactions
change their communicative behavior
to facilitate understanding"

21. U-Curve
 The U-curve model for adjustment was
first introduced by a Norwegian
sociologist Sverre Lysgaard in 1955,
and it has been developed by other
scholars during the following decades
(e.g. Oberg, 1960; Chang, 1973).
 According to this model, the
adaptation process goes through four
stages

22. U-Curve

23. W-Curve
 When migrants return to their home
countries, they often have to go
through a similar kind of adaptation
process. Scholars refer to this with a
W-curve model, where the second
curve is meant to describe the re-entry
shock and readjustment.

25. The Stress-Adaptation-Growth
Process
 Another perspective to intercultural
adaptation is to see it as an ongoing
learning process, where an individual
moves gradually toward adjustment.
The challenges met on the way are all
important for the process and personal
growth. Maybe the adaptation process
never comes to an end, but rather
changes its form and becomes easier,
with more experience.

26. CO- CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
THEORY

27. What is Co-Culture?
 Distinct cultural differences from the
dominant culture within which they are
embedded.
 A group of people within a culture that
differentiates from the larger culture to
which they belong.

28. Co-Cultural
Communication
Theory
Standpoint
Theory
Muted Group
Theory

29.  Muted Group Theory- minority cultures are
silenced in several ways by the dominant
culture.
 Makes marginalized groups invisible or
muted.
 Stand Point Theory - minority members have
a different understanding of the world than
dominant culture members.
 A place from which we view the world that
determines what we focus as well as what
we don’t know.

30. Co-cultural communication
 Enhanced through positive attitude
towards others and a behavioral flexibility
that allows adaptation to context and an
ability to acclimatize readily to new
environments.

31. Co-Cultural Communication
Dominant
Group
Non – Dominant
Group
Ex:
Age
Race
Ethnicity
Gender
Sexual
Orientatio
n
Adaptation
Adaptation