This document discusses acculturation and how it affects both native and host cultures. It also discusses social transaction and how language is used to connect with others. Specifically, it examines the variables of empathy and extroversion. Empathy is described as understanding another person's feelings by putting yourself in their shoes. Effective communication requires a sophisticated degree of empathy to understand cognitive and emotional states. While extroverts engage more in social situations, introverts can have inner strength and enjoy solitary activities like reading and writing.

1. IN THE NAME OF GOD
Ch6,personality factors
Created by: Mohammad Akhtarian
University of Qom
2018-2019

3.  Acculturation is the process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from
blending between cultures. The effects of acculturation can be seen at multiple levels in both
the original (native) and newly adopted (host) cultures.
 is a process in which members of one cultural group
adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group).
 Acculturation is no simple process.
Portraits of Native, tribes in European attire. Photos date from
1868to 1924.

4. SOCIAL TRANSACTION

5. Transaction is the process of reaching out
beyond the self to others, and language is a
major tool used to accomplish that process.
A variety of transactional variables may apply to
second language learning: imitation, modeling,
identification, empathy, extroversion, aggression,
styles of communication, and others.

6. Two of these variables, chosen for their relevance:
- empathy
- extroversion

7. Empathy is the process of "putting yourself into someone else's
shoes," of reaching beyond the self to understand what another person
is feeling. (Guiora1972)
 Psychologists generally claim that you cannot fully empathize—or
know someone else—until you adequately know yourself. (Hogan1969)
 Communication requires a sophisticated degree of empathy.
 In order to communicate effectively you need to be able to understand
the other person's affective and cognitive states.
 Communication breaks down when false presuppositions or
assumptions are made about the other person's state.
 Empathy is not synonymous with sympathy.

10. Contrary to our stereotypes, introverts can have
an inner strength of character that extroverts do
not have.
- They tend to be quiet, low-key, deliberate, and
relatively non-engaged in social situations.
- They take pleasure in solitary activities such as
reading, writing, drawing, watching movies,
listening to music, inventing, and designing

12. Motivation

14. Edward DECCI (1975)