Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
systema-genitalia-feminina
1. NUR ANISAH BAGIAN HISTOLOGI & BIOLOGI SEL, FAKULTASKEDOKTERAN, UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA, YOGYAKARTA Blok Sistem Reproduksi, 9 Feb 2010 [04] SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA
8. Figure 23—2. Ovary of a woman of reproductive age showing its main components: germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortical region, and medullary region.
9. Figure. Photomicrograph of part of an ovary showing the cortical and medullary regions. H&E stain. Low magnification. Ovary human, H&E
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11. Fig. Types of ovarian follicles, from primordial to mature. The relative proportions of the follicles are not maintained in this drawing.
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13. Figure 23—6. Cortical region of an ovary. Besides primordial follicles formed by an oocyte and flat follicular cells, a few follicles at the initial stage of growth (unilaminar primary follicles) are present. These are formed by an oocyte and one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells. Pararosaniline—toluidine blue (PT) stain. Low magnification.
14. Figure 23—7. Photomicrograph of a preantral ovarian follicle formed by an oocyte and several layers of granulosa cells. The oocyte is surrounded by the zona pellucida. Picrosirius-hematoxylin (PSH) stain. Medium magnification.
16. Figure 23—9. Photomicrograph of part of an antral follicle. Cavities (A) that appear in the granulosa layer will fuse and form one large cavity, the antrum. The oocyte is surrounded by the zona pellucida. Granulosa cells (G) surround the oocyte and cover the wall of the follicle. A theca can be seen around the follicle. H&E. Medium magnification.
17. Figure 23—10. Photomicrograph of an antral follicle showing the oocyte surrounded by the granulosa cells of the corona radiata and supported by the cells of the cumulus oophorus. The remaining granulosa cells form the wall of the follicle and surround the large antrum. A theca surrounds the whole follicle. PT stain. Medium magnification.
18. Figure 23—11. Photomicrograph of a small part of the wall of an antral follicle, showing the antrum, the layer of granulosa cells, and the thecas. The theca interna surrounds the follicle, and its cells appear lightly stained because their cytoplasm contains lipid droplets, a characteristic of steroid-producing cells. The theca interna is surrounded by the theca externa, which merges with the stroma of the ovary. A basement membrane separates the granulosa layer from the theca interna. PT stain. High magnification.
19. Figure 23—12. Photomicrograph of the atresia of a follicle characterized by: (1) the death of granulosa cells, many of which are seen loose in the antrum; (2) loss of the cells of the corona radiata; and (3) the oocyte floating free within the antrum. PT stain. Medium magnification.
20. Figure 23—13. Part of a corpus luteum. Granulosa lutein cells, which constitute the majority of the cells, derive from the granulosa layer. They are larger and stain more lightly than the theca lutein cells, which originate from the theca interna.
21. Figure 23—14. Photomicrograph of a small portion of a corpus luteum. Most cells present in the figure are granulosa lutein cells. PT stain. High magnification.
22. Figure 23—15. Pituitary hormones control most ovarian functions. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicular growth and synthesis of estrogen by the granulosa cells. - Luteinizing hormone (LH) induces ovulation and transforms the granulosa layer and the theca interna into an actively secreting gland, the corpus luteum. - Estrogen and progesterone produced in the ovary act on the hypothalamus, stimulating or inhibiting the liberation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
23. Figure 23—16. Corpus albicans, the scar of connective tissue that replaces a corpus luteum after its involution.
28. Figure 23—17. Photomicrograph of part of the wall of an oviduct. The highly folded mucosa indicates that this region is close to the ovary. PT stain. Low magnification.
29. Figure 23—18. Photomicrograph of the epithelial lining of an oviduct. The epithelial lining is formed by ciliated and more darkly staining nonciliated secretory cells. Ciliated cells contribute to the movement of the oocyte or conceptus to the uterus. PT stain. High magnification.
74. - Schematic drawing of the female breast showing inactive and active mammary glands. - Each lactiferous duct with its accompanying smaller ducts is a gland in itself and constitutes the lobes of the gland.
75. Figure 23—28. Changes in the mammary gland. A: In nonpregnant women, the gland is quiescent and undifferentiated, and its duct system is inactive. B: During pregnancy, alveoli proliferate at the ends of the ducts and prepare for the secretion of milk. C: During lactation, alveoli are fully differentiated, and milk secretion is abundant. Once lactation is completed, the gland reverts to the nonpregnant condition.
78. Photomicrograph of lactating mammary gland. Several alveoli are filled with milk, visible as granular material. The vacuoles in the lumen and in the alveolar cell cytoplasm represent the lipid portion of milk. PT stain. Medium magnificatio n.
79. Figure 23—30. Secreting cells from the mammary gland. From left to right, note the accumulation and extrusion of lipids and proteins. The proteins are released through exocytosis.
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