The document discusses various types of biomedical equipment used in medical settings. It defines medical equipment as devices designed to aid in diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of medical conditions. It then proceeds to describe several pieces of equipment in 1-2 paragraphs each, including their purposes and basic functions. The equipment discussed includes cervical traction, syringe drives, pulse oximetry, electrosurgical units, laser microtomes, anemostats, cardiopulmonary bypass machines, aesthesiometers, home ultrasounds, nasogastric intubation, lung counters, dermatomes, Hirtz compasses, rhinoscopes, and plethysmographs.

1. BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
A Concise Presentation
By
Mr. Deepak Sarangi M.Pharm

2. DEFINITION
 Medical equipment is designed to aid in
the diagnosis monitoring or treatment
of medical conditions.

3. Cervical Traction

4.  Cervical traction has been applied widely for
pain relief of neck muscle spasm or nerve
root compression.
 Traction occurs when a force is applied to a
part of the body to decrease muscle spasms
by stretching soft tissues.
 Therapy of 10-15 minutes feels good.

5. SYRINGE DRIVE

6.  A syringe driver or syringe pump is a
small infusion pump used to
gradually administer small amounts of fluid
to patient.
• This prevents the use of multiple tablets
especially in people who have
difficulty swallowing.
• Syringe drivers are also useful for delivering
IV medications over several minutes.

7. PULSE OXIMETRY

8.  It monitors the oxygenation of a
patient's hemoglobin.
 Light of two different wavelengths is passed
through the patient to a photodetector.
 A pulse oximeter is useful in any setting
where a patient's oxygenation is unstable,
including intensive care, emergency.

9. Electrosurgical Unit

10.  A radical change in surgery is brought by
electrosurgical unit
 High frequency electric currents (500KHz)
are used to cut, coagulate, dehydrate tissues.
 It gets heated up resulting in evaporation of
the water which ultimately destroys the cells.
 By this we can perform bloodless surgery.

11. Laser microtome

12.  The laser microtome is an instrument used for
non-contact sectioning of biological tissues or
materials.
 In contrast to mechanically
working microtomes, the laser microtome does
not require sample preparation techniques such
as freezing, dehydration or embedding.
 It has the ability to slice tissue in its native
state. Depending on the material being
processed, slice thicknesses of 10 to 100
micrometers are feasible.

13. Anemostat
 An anemostat is a device used to regulate
airflow and pressure in a room or system
requiring complex airflow patterns.
 Anemostats are used in hospitals to stabilize
room conditions, and to prevent the spread of
airborne pathogens. In laboratories with fume
hoods, anemostats help to ensure adequate
conditions for optimum ventilation.

14. Cardiopulmonary bypass

15.  cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique
that temporarily takes over the function of the
heart during surgery, maintaining the blood
circulation and oxygen content of the body.
 Cardiopulmonary bypass consists of two main
functional units, the pump and the oxygenator
which remove oxygen-deprived blood from a
patient's body and replace it with oxygen-rich
blood through a series of tubes

16. Aesthesiometer

17.  An aesthesiometer is a device for measuring
the tactile sensitivity of the skin (or mouth,
or eye, etc.). The measure of the degree of
tactile sensitivity is called aesthesiometry.
 An non-intrusive device called a corneal
aesthesiometer is used to test cornea nerve
sensitivity by using a controlled pulse of air
as stimulation.

18. Home ultrasound

19.  Home ultrasound is the provision of therapeutic
ultrasound via the use of a portable or
home ultrasound machine. This method of
medical ultrasound therapy can be used for
various types of pain relief and physical therapy.
 Ultrasound energy is transferred based on the
frequency(operate between 1 and 5 MHz) and
power output of the ultrasonic waves that an
ultrasound machine or device creates.

20. Nasogastric intubation

21.  Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving
the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG
tube) through the nose, past the throat, and down into
the stomach.
 A nasogastric tube is used for feeding and administering
drugs and other oral agents such as activated charcoal.
For drugs and for minimal quantities of liquid, a syringe
is used for injection into the tube.
 Nasogastric aspiration can also be used in poisoning
situations when a potentially toxic liquid has been
ingested.

22. Lung counter

23.  A Lung counter is a system consisting of
a radiation detector, or detectors, and associated
electronics that is used to measure radiation
emitted from radioactive material that has been
inhaled by a person and is sufficiently insoluble
as to remain in the lung for weeks, months or
years.
 As a lung counter is primarily measuring
radioactive materials that emit low
energy gamma rays or x-rays.

24. Dermatome

25.  A dermatome is a surgical instrument used to
produce thin slices of skin from a donor area, in
order to use them for making skin grafts. One of
its main applications is for reconstituting skin
areas damaged by grade 3 burns.
 Electrical dermatomes are better for cutting out
thinner and longer strips of skin with a more
homogeneous thickness.

26. Hirtz compass

27.  The Hirtz compass is a medical device used
to determine the location and aid the
removal of bullets and shrapnel in a patient's
body.
 The device would usually give a location
within 1 or 2 millimeters of the foreign
object.
 the average success rate of projectile
removal when the device was used by local
surgeons reached approximately 90%

28. Rhinoscope

29.  A Rhinoscope (or Nasoscope) is a thin, tube-
like instrument used to examine the inside of
the nose. A rhinoscope has a light and a lens
for viewing and may have a tool to remove
tissue.
 Rhinoscopy is performed by two procedure.
 Anterior Rhinoscopy
 Posterior Rhinoscopy

30. Plethysmograph

31.  A plethysmograph is an instrument for measuring
changes in volume within an organ or whole body
(usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount
of blood or air it contains).
 Pulmonary plethysmographs are commonly used to
measure the functional residual capacity (FRC) of
the lungs, the volume in the lungs when the muscles
of respiration are relaxed and total lung capacity.
 The difference between full and empty lungs can be
used to assess diseases and airway passage
restrictions.

32. References
 A View Through-Distinguishing Acute Otitis Media From Otitis Media With
Effusion THE OTOSCOPE.
 Glaab T, Taube C, Braun A, Mitzner W (2007) Invasive and noninvasive
methods for studying pulmonary function in mice. Respiratory Research
 "Cardiotomy Suction: A Major Source of Brain Lipid Emboli During
Cardiopulmonary Bypass“.
 Laser microtomy: opening a new feasibility for tissue preparation.
 http://cardiacsurgery.ctsnetbooks.org/cgi/content/full/2/2003/317.
 http://mmcts.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/collection/cardiopulmonary_bypass
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8762770?dopt=Abstract
 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm050183
 http://books.google.ca/books?id=apA1KYAKAyEC&lpg=PR2&pg=PR2#v=o
nepage&q&f=false
 http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/objects/display.aspx?id=432
8

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