This document describes various medical instruments used in ear, nose, throat and laryngological procedures. It provides details on the purpose, use and design of instruments such as laryngoscopes, forceps, retractors, dilators, mirrors, tubes and other surgical tools. Key instruments mentioned include direct and indirect laryngoscopes, tracheostomy tubes, adenoid curettes, tonsil holding forceps, nasal speculums and bronchoscopes.

1. INSTRUMENTS
MEDHAKANAPARTHY

2. DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPE
◦ Has a single or twin light carrier which can
be connected to a cold light source
through a flexible cable.
◦ Size of laryngoscope varies with age of the
patient.
◦ Used for diagnostic and therapeutic
purposes
◦ Helps visualise larynx and hypopharynx
◦ CONTRAINDICATIONS: Cervical spine
injuries, respiratory obstruction, recent
coronary occlusion and cardiac
decompensation.

3. ◦ Hartmann’s end aural forceps has a screw
joint. The jaw is serrated and grooved.
◦ Tilley’s nasal packing forceps is used for
nasal packing, ear dressing, removal of
foreign bodies from the nose. It has a box
joint.

4. TOWEL CLIP
◦ Primary function is to hold drapes in place.
◦ It has locking handles and a tip which
maybe curved or pointed, and may have
teeth for traction.

5. SICKLE KNIFE
◦ It is a 10mm curved blade used for
enhanced procedural access.
◦ With the sickle knife, you can perform
turbinate reduction, concha bullosa
resection, anterior ethmoidectomy,
uncinectomy, septoplasty and more with
the same precision and control you’ve
come to expect from all the MiniFESS
surgical instruments.

6. KOCHER THYROID RETRACTOR

7. NEGUS ARTERY FORCEPS;BURKITTS
FIRST ARTERY FORCEPS
◦ Negus artery forceps has a sharply curved
tip.
◦ It Is used as a replacement forceps to ligate
the bleeding points.
◦ Burkitt tonsil artery forceps is used to
catch the bleeding point and curved one is
used as replacement forceps before tying
with ligature.

8. GOUGE AND HAMMER
◦ JENKIN MASTOID GOUGE: cute bone in a
circular pattern. It is held at an acute angle
and the mallet is used to hit on it. Now
replaced by electrical drill.
◦ Used in mastoidectomy, Caldwell luc
operation etc.
◦ HEATH MALLET: used along with gouge,
chisel or osteotome. Used in septal surgery.

9. CUPPED FORCEPS

10. FULLER’S TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
◦ Consists of an outer and an inner tube.
◦ Outer tube is inserted into the
tracheostomy opening on pressing the two
blades together which it is made up of.
◦ Inner tube has a hole for the patient to be
able to breathe from the larynx even when
tube is blocked at its outer end.

11. LICHTWITZ TROCAR WITH CANNULA
◦ Used for proof puncture(antral lavage)
◦ Puncture is done at the inferior meatus/

12. Myringotome,sickle knife.
◦ Myringotome: used for myringotomy.
◦ SICKLE KNIFE used in myringoplasty can
also be used for myringotomy.

13. DRAFFIN’S BIPOD
◦ Each pod has four rings.
◦ They can be assembled to vary the height
at which the tongue blade of Boyle-Davis
mouth gag can be suspended.
◦ The lower end of each pod can be places in
one of the several depressions in the
Magauran’s plate.

14. Light source for endoscopic procedures.

15. DIAMOND AND CUTTING BURR.
◦ AKA TILLEY’S ANTRAL BURR are used to
enlarge and smoothen the hole made by
harpoon in intranasal inferior meatal
antrostomy.
◦ Not in use now.

16. BALL PROBE
◦ Used in cleaning the ear canal

17. Direct laryngoscope
◦ Has a single or twin light carrier which can
be connected to a cold light source
through a flexible cable.
◦ Size of laryngoscope varies with age of the
patient.
◦ Used for diagnostic and therapeutic
purposes
◦ Helps visualise larynx and hypopharynx
◦ CONTRAINDICATIONS: Cervical spine
injuries, respiratory obstruction, recent
coronary occlusion and cardiac
decompensation.

18. CUFFED TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
◦ When cuff is inflated, it prevents aspiration
of pharyngeal secretions into the trachea.
◦ Can also prevent air leak.
◦ Cuff should be deflated every 2 hours for 5
minutes to prevent ischemia and damage
to the trachea and cartilage necrosis.

19. TRACHEAL HOOK
◦ Used in tracheostomy.
◦ BLUNT tracheal hook is used to retract
thyroid isthmus upwards or downwards to
expose the trachea.
◦ SHARP tracheal hook is applied to lower
border of cricoid cartilage to stabilize the
trachea and prevent its movements during
respiration when making an incision in the
tracheal wall.

20. GEL FOAM COMPRESSOR
◦ House Gelfoam Press is a useful tool in
tympanoplasty procedures.
◦ The press is designed to instill a degree of
uniformity within the gelatin sponge patch
used to replace the damaged tympanic
membrane.
◦ The press is manually controlled, giving the
surgeon adjustment as needed.
◦ In addition, the press is available in two
sizes depending on surgical need.

21. SEPTAL DISSECTOR
◦ Used in septoplasty and SMR

22. Mollison’s mastoid retractor
◦ Used in mastoidectomy to retract soft
tissues after incision and elevation of flaps.
◦ Its is self retaining and hemostatic.
◦ Jansens srm retractor looks similar.

23. COLIBRI FORCEPS
◦ It is ophthalmology instrument.
◦ Used to grasp on corneal and scleral edges
during surgery.

24. BACKBITING FORCEPS
◦ Used in nasal procedures for cutting and
dissecting tissue.
◦ Used for creating and enlarging of bony
sinus.

25. EVE’S TONSIL SNARE
◦ Used for tonsillectomy.
◦ After the tonsil has been dissected till its
lower pole, snare is passed round the tonsil
to engage the pedicle and then firmly
closed.
◦ It crushed and cuts the pedicle thereby
minimizing bleeding.
◦ Wire used in snare is number 25 SWG.

26. ANTERIOR PILLAR RETRACTOR
◦ Used to retract the anterior pillar to inspect
the tonsillar fossa for any bleeding point.

27. CHEST PIECE USED IN
MICROLARYNGEAL SURGERY.
◦ Laryngoscope is inserted from right side of
angle of mouth, gets fixed by chest piece, it
is self retaining & larynx is visualized
through binocular operating microscope.

28. PLESTER FLAG KNIFE
◦ a micro ear instrument used to make a
horizontal incision on the external canal
wall skin during elevation of tympano-
meatal flap.
◦ It is also used to elevate tympano -meatal
flap hence is used in middle ear surgeries
like myringoplasty, tympanoplasty and
ossiculoplasty.

29. OESOPHAGOSCOPE
◦ Used for diagnostic of therapeutic
oesophagoscopy.
◦ The length and lumen vary with the age of
the patient.
◦ Mechanism of illumination is similar to that
of laryngoscope.
◦ Handle indicates the direction of the bevel
at the distal end.

30. ALLIS FORCEPS/CLAMP.
◦ Used in ear nose and throat procedures to
obtain tissue samples for biopsy, for
grafting cartilage, in tonsil laryngoscopic
and oesophagoscopic procedures and
more.

31. BLAKESLEY FORCEPS
◦ Useful in procedures like polyp removal
and septoplasty, to anterior and posterior
ethmoidectomies, turbinate reduction and
concha bullosa resection.

32. SUCTION TUBE USED IN FESS
◦ Prevents aspiration of secretions and fluids
during FESS.

33. LAC TONGUE DEPRESSOR
◦ Used to retract cheeks and lips
◦ To express pus out of the tonsil.
◦ To test gag reflex.
◦ For cold spatula test to examine nasal
passage obstruction.
◦ For posterior rhinoscopy
◦ For injecting steroids, biopsy, excision of
cysts etc.

34. JACKSONS TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE.
◦ It has three parts: outer tube, inner tube
and an obturator.
◦ Outer tube is not split.
◦ Inner tube can be fixed to the shield of the
outer tube by a lock.
◦ The obturator helps in the introduction of
tube into the trachea.

35. INDIRECT LARYNGOSCOPY MIRROR
◦ Indirect laryngoscopy uses a small mirror
held at the back of your throat.
◦ The health care provider shines a light on
the mirror to view the throat area.
◦ This is a simple procedure.
◦ Most of the time, it can be done in the
provider's office while you are awake.
◦ A medicine to numb the back of your
throat may be used.

36. HEYMANN TURBINECTOMY SCISSORS
◦ Heymann Nasal Scissors are designed for
use in nasal turbinate reduction
procedures.
◦ The long blade allows surgeon access to
the nasal concha while the blunted tips
allow minimal extraneous damage.
◦ The curved design of the scissors allow the
surgeon to navigate the nasal aperture
effectively.

37. AURAL SPECULUM
◦ To fit in and straighten the ear canal for
examination.

38. ST CLAIRE THOMPSONS ADENOID
CURETTE AND GUARD
◦ Used in adenoidectomy,
◦ Curette shaves off the adenoid mass while
the guard holds this tissue and prevents
slipping.
◦ Now it has been replaced with debrider
and coblation techniques.

39. UNCUFFED TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
◦ Uncuffed tubes allow airway clearance but
provide no protection from aspiration.
◦ An uncuffed tube is suitable for a patient in
the recovery phase of critical illness who
has returned from intensive care and may
still require chest physiotherapy, suction via
the trachea and airway support.

40. DENIS BROWNE’S TONSIL HOLDING
FORCEPS
◦ Used during tonsillectomy by dissection
method.

41. WALSHAM’S FORCEPS
◦ Used for disimpacting and reducing the
fractures of nasal bone.

42. POSTERIOR RHINOSCOPY MIRROR
◦ The mirror is warmed and introduced into
the oral cavity while the tongue is
depressed with a tongue depressor.
◦ The mirror is turned upwards in order to
examine the post nasal space.
◦ The shaft of the instrument is bent to
achieve a bayonet shape, a feature that
helps differentiate it from the indirect
laryngoscopy mirror.

43. UPPER PART OF BRONCHOSCOPE
◦ The proximal/upper part consists of the:
1. Prism light detector(fibreoptic cord is
connected)
2. Main portal of the tube through which
instruments can be passed.
3. To introduce flexible instruments.
4. To connect to any type of respirator for
ventilation or assisted respiration.

44. TRACHEAL DILATOR
◦ Used to keep the tracheal edges open after
incision in the trachea so that
tracheostomy tube can be inserted easily.
◦ A curved artery forceps can used in place
of the dilator.

45. KILLIAN’S LONG BLADED NASAL
SPECULUM
◦ Used in SMR or septoplasty to keep the
mucoperiosteal flaps away.

46. ASCH’S SEPTUM FORCEPS
◦ Used for reducing fractures of the nasal
septum.

47. ALLIGATOR FORCEPS
◦ Crocodile forceps are used in the removal
of earwax and foreign bodies from the ear
canal, or during the insertion of grommets
into the ear drum to treat “glue ear”.
◦ It is a disposable instrument intended for
single-use and comes in four sizes,
including a fine jaw variant for paediatric
ear care