Biomedical Engineering Department in HospitalDrKunal Rawal
Biomedical Engineering Department, Meaning, Definition, Biomedical Engineering Services, Scope of Bio Medical Engineering, Disciplines under Bio Medical Engineering, Six Responsibilities of Biomedical Engineering, Roles of Biomedical Engineer, Functions of Bio Medical Engineering in Hospital
Given that the core business of a hospital is the welfare of its patients, it is easy to understand why the intricacies of electricity are not a high priority. However, ensuring patient welfare requires a huge variety of medical appliances, which in turn, require electricity. Electricity is therefore a vital utility and any malfunction or interruption can quickly lead to disastrous consequences.
This combination—being absolutely vital but far from the primary concern of the organization—entails a certain risk.
Standards and regulations prescribe how a hospital’s electrical installations should be conceived and installed to ensure safety and reliability. Those regulations are complemented by the prescriptions of the equipment manufacturers. All these rules, however, create a complex tangle of information for the user, often making it difficult to figure out which rule has to be applied where and exactly how it has to be implemented. In this tutorial, we will try to shed light on those regulations and give a comprehensive overview.
Once safety and reliability are taken care of, the focus can shift to energy efficiency. The fact that efficiency is only of secondary priority for a hospitals’ electrical installation does not mean its impact cannot be significant. By focusing on energy efficiency, hospitals can often make surprisingly large savings on the total cost of ownership (TCO) of their installations and thus on the cost of the medical aid they render. This paper addresses a few of the major energy efficiency topics relevant to medical building management.
Hospital Engineering Services is backbone of hospital. The engineering services in a hospital include the Civil assets, Electricity supply, water supply including plumbing and fittings, steam supply, piped medical gases, air and clinical vacuum delivery system, air conditioning and refrigeration, lifts and dumb waiters, public health services, lightening protection, communication system (public address system, telephones, paging system), TV and piped music system, non conventional energy devices, horticulture, arboriculture and landscaping and last but not the least workshop facilities for repairs and maintenance.
Biomedical Engineering Department in HospitalDrKunal Rawal
Biomedical Engineering Department, Meaning, Definition, Biomedical Engineering Services, Scope of Bio Medical Engineering, Disciplines under Bio Medical Engineering, Six Responsibilities of Biomedical Engineering, Roles of Biomedical Engineer, Functions of Bio Medical Engineering in Hospital
Given that the core business of a hospital is the welfare of its patients, it is easy to understand why the intricacies of electricity are not a high priority. However, ensuring patient welfare requires a huge variety of medical appliances, which in turn, require electricity. Electricity is therefore a vital utility and any malfunction or interruption can quickly lead to disastrous consequences.
This combination—being absolutely vital but far from the primary concern of the organization—entails a certain risk.
Standards and regulations prescribe how a hospital’s electrical installations should be conceived and installed to ensure safety and reliability. Those regulations are complemented by the prescriptions of the equipment manufacturers. All these rules, however, create a complex tangle of information for the user, often making it difficult to figure out which rule has to be applied where and exactly how it has to be implemented. In this tutorial, we will try to shed light on those regulations and give a comprehensive overview.
Once safety and reliability are taken care of, the focus can shift to energy efficiency. The fact that efficiency is only of secondary priority for a hospitals’ electrical installation does not mean its impact cannot be significant. By focusing on energy efficiency, hospitals can often make surprisingly large savings on the total cost of ownership (TCO) of their installations and thus on the cost of the medical aid they render. This paper addresses a few of the major energy efficiency topics relevant to medical building management.
Hospital Engineering Services is backbone of hospital. The engineering services in a hospital include the Civil assets, Electricity supply, water supply including plumbing and fittings, steam supply, piped medical gases, air and clinical vacuum delivery system, air conditioning and refrigeration, lifts and dumb waiters, public health services, lightening protection, communication system (public address system, telephones, paging system), TV and piped music system, non conventional energy devices, horticulture, arboriculture and landscaping and last but not the least workshop facilities for repairs and maintenance.
Central Medical Gas Distribution System
MedicalGasDistributionSystemisacentralsupplysystemtosupplyamedicalgas(O2,N2O,N2),medicalair,andmedicalvacuumtoeachwardofhospitalsafelyandconvenientlythroughacentralsupplypipingfrommedicalgassupplysources.
•Thesystemhasathoroughgoingcolorcoordinationaccordingtothekindofgas.
•Anaudio-visualmonitoringsystemcapableofcheckingthesituation
A compilation of those areas of IPD which are usually not covered in classrooms. A greater emphasis on the management aspect with examples from existing hospitals in INDIA
Planning and specification of Intensive Care UnitsAchi Kushnir PMP
This presentation has been designed to give the reader an overview in relation to the different aspects that are to be considered when planning and designing a new intensive care unit within a hospital
Central Medical Gas Distribution System
MedicalGasDistributionSystemisacentralsupplysystemtosupplyamedicalgas(O2,N2O,N2),medicalair,andmedicalvacuumtoeachwardofhospitalsafelyandconvenientlythroughacentralsupplypipingfrommedicalgassupplysources.
•Thesystemhasathoroughgoingcolorcoordinationaccordingtothekindofgas.
•Anaudio-visualmonitoringsystemcapableofcheckingthesituation
A compilation of those areas of IPD which are usually not covered in classrooms. A greater emphasis on the management aspect with examples from existing hospitals in INDIA
Planning and specification of Intensive Care UnitsAchi Kushnir PMP
This presentation has been designed to give the reader an overview in relation to the different aspects that are to be considered when planning and designing a new intensive care unit within a hospital
Survey of emf emitted by lab equipments in pharmacy labs of southeast univers...eSAT Journals
Abstract The aim of this survey is to investigate whether the Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) emitted by various lab equipments affects the students. There is a standard threshold value recommended by WHO for both electric and magnetic fields. Electro-Magnetic Fields commonly known as Non Ionizing Radiation is emitted from high power transmission lines, computer monitor/video display unit, radio waves of different frequencies (extremely low frequency to microwaves), telecommunication, satellite, radar etc. which causes health hazards to living system and environment. The WHO/ International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) has classified radio frequency electromagnetic field as possibly carcinogenic to humans. There has been no such study performed in Bangladesh. The data were collected from various labs of department of pharmacy at Southeast University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. These labs are Pharmaceutical, Cosmetology and Biopharmaceutical Lab, Pharmacology Lab, Organic Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Lab, Inorganic Pharmacy Lab and Microbiology Research Lab. Both threshold values of Electric and Magnetic fields were measured for various electronic equipments. Also the maximum value of the magnetic field results showed that in many cases the magnetic field radiated from the different sources are greater than the threshold limit which are the main point of our findings. As a result of the long time efforts of world scientist community WHO formed ICNIRP in 1969. Key Words: EMF, NIR, DNA, EMC, AML and ICNIRP
Electric fault is the main challenge in the process of providing continues electric supply. Fault can occur at anytime and anywhere. Due to the fault causes are mainly based on natural disaster or accident. Most fault occurrence hardly predicted nor avoided. Therefore, a quick response fault detection is necessary to ensure that the fault area is maintained to ensure a continuous power supply system. Hence, a system is required to detect and locate the position of the fault in the power system especially in the transmission line and distribution line. This paper will review the type of fault that possibly occurs in an electric power system, the type of fault detection and location technique that are available together with the protection device that can be utilized in the power system to protect the equipment from electric fault.
The healthcare environment is made up of perhaps the most unusual combination of electronic loads found in any facility. Healthcare facilities not only rely upon commercial loads (such as computers, servers, and lighting system) and industrial loads (such as food preparation equipment, laundry equipment, medical gas systems, but also rely on electronic medical loads (that is, medical equipment to operate the facility and provide patient care services.
As in other facilities, when an electrical disturbance such as a voltage sag, voltage transient, or voltage swell reaches the service entrance of the healthcare facility or medical location, computers in the accounting department may shut down, and motor starters and contactors providing power to the air-conditioning and ventilation system may change the environment within the facility. Unlike other places, however, a patient’s life could be threatened when an aortic balloon pump trips off-line during a cardiovascular surgery. The costs associated with downtime can be staggering, but no bounded cost can be placed on the irreversible result of loosing a patient.
Building, electrical, and healthcare codes in the United States require that hospitals and other medical clinics have emergency power ready to activate upon the detection of a power quality problem and assume the load within 10 seconds of the detection. However, even though a generator may be used at a healthcare facility or medical location, it cannot be on-line to support critical medical equipment with an activated transfer switch in less than about 2 to 3 seconds at best. This duration of time might as well be forever in terms of the ability of electronic medical equipment to continue operating. In fact, an undervoltage as short as ¼ of a cycle (about 4 milliseconds) is often sufficient to confuse sensitive electronic devices.
This PQ TechWatch will introduce the typical problems found in healthcare facilities, enlighten the reader on some new issues, and provide practical guidelines for avoiding those problems.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION IN DESIGN OF ...IAEME Publication
The aim of this study is directed to the application of engineering standards and requirements in the design of diagnostic and/or radiation therapy units. These requirements shall be fulfilled by the architectural perspective for the protection of workers and patients without unduly limiting the beneficial practices of radiation exposure. Therefore, the different functions of ionizing radiation units must be integrated with engineering elements in specialized treatment diagnosis. The study reveals deficiencies in some analytical cases. The weakness of radiation safety in the design is evaluated compared with standard requirements. According to the engineering requirements and standards the different elements and functions in these units are rearranged.
Accidental high voltage electrocution causing abdominal wall blow out bowel e...AI Publications
Electricity is the backbone for modern industrialization, development and day to day needs. Electrical Injuries are among the most devastating of burn injuries. High voltage electrical injuries result in extensive deep tissue damage and are associated with multiple complications, long term morbidity and a high mortality rate. The passage of electric current when passes through the body, it produces wide range effects, varying from insignificant localised spasm, little or no contact burns, fatality with little or no burns or extreme severe burning. We describe the case of a 35-year-old male driver who suffered high voltage electric injury of anterior abdominal wall and left upper limb due to accidental contact with high tension wire. This paper also emphasizes the safety measures to be taken at work place pertaining to high voltage cable.
In operating room the most hazardous devise used in a daily basis is diathermy.
A basic understanding of electricity is needed to safely apply electrosurgical technology for patient care.
Similar to Power and Electrical Safety in Hospitals (20)
Ejection fraction is one of the important measure of the health of heart. EF can be calculated from the 2D images of Echocardiogram using Image processing techniques.
1. EE 507 Advanced Topics in Biomedical Systems Electrical safety in Hospitals(P5) By SuhasDeshpande
2. Overview Energy Electrical Hazards Macroshock and Microshock Electrical Susceptible Patient Physiological effect of Electricity Leakage current Patient Isolator design Ground Fault Interupter Other Protective Ckts Medical device Classification Area classification Power distribution
3. Energy in hospitals Lighting and HVAC take up largest share of hospital energy bills The energy requirement s in hospitals are sensitive and 24-7 [3]
4. Electrical Hazards Ignition or Explosion of flammables Electric shocks due to ground breaking Breakdown of electrical equipment Patient safety [4]
5. Microshock and Macroshock Macroshock Hazards When the point of contact is on/inside/near the heart Microshock Hazards When the point of contact is away from the heart [3]
6. Electrical Susceptible patients Insertion of a pacemaker catheter electrode from an externally worn pacemaker. Use of a fluid-filled catheter Insertion of an electrode into one of the cardiac chambers for intracardiac ECG measurement. [3]
10. InjuryPhysiological effects of electricity Threshold or estimated mean values are given for each effect in a 70 kg human for a 1 to 3 s exposure to 60 Hz current applied via copper wires grasped by the hands.Medical Instrumentation:Application and design, Webster [3]
12. Patient Isolator design Patient in ICU/CCU have been designed to be Electrically Isolated No conductive path is present between isolated and other sections of the instrument [5]
13. Ground Fault Interupter Normal conditions INeutral=Ihot If the difference becomes more than a fixed value (5mA) The fault interrupter goes off [3]
20. Area classification Cardiac Protected Area The equipment has direct contact with Heart Body Protected Area The equipment lowers the natural resistance of skin [2]
21. Area Grouping in Hospitals Group 0: An allocation to this group implies that these rooms are of considerable importance to the course of medical processes. Group 1: includes all rooms and areas in which patients whose condition and type of medical treatment places substantial demands on the electrical installation are cared for. An unexpected interruption to the power supply does not expose the patient to immediate danger and a repetition of the examination is possible at any time. Group 2: In these rooms diagnoses and therapy are performed on the patient where the type of medical treatment may directly or indirectly be dangerous for the patient [1]
23. References 1) http://www.medical.siemens.com/siemens/en_INT/cs_healthcare_cons_FBAs/files/brochures/Innovative_Power_Distribution_for_Hospitals_May_2009.pdf 2) http://www.rch.org.au/bme_rch/safety.cfm?doc_id=4698 3) F. Weibell, "ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE HOSPITAL - 1974." Ann. Biomed. Eng., vol. 2, pp. 126-148, 1974. 4) J. A. Hopps, “Electrical hazards in hospitals” Medical and Biological Engineering and Computin., vol. 9, pp. 549-556, 1971 5) G. FRIEDLANDER, "Electricity in hospitals. Elimination of lethal hazards," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 8, pp. 40-51, 1971. 6) M. R. Ortiz-Posadas, "Electrical safety priority index for medical equipment," Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, pp. 6614-6617, 2006.
