Awareness in respect of Emerging Trends in Construction technology play a vital role in mitigating impacts of built environment on natural environment. Use of alternative materials and technologies impel towards sustainable development. This is an effort to bridge the gap between Industry and academia.
13 construction material from the futureMasoud Fayeq
The document summarizes 13 emerging construction materials, including translucent concrete that uses glass fibers to allow light transmission, sensiTiles with embedded fiber optics that twinkle as people walk on them, and electrified wood that incorporates wiring to power devices. It also discusses flexible honeycomb structures, paper-based countertops, self-repairing cement with microcapsules that seal cracks, strong yet lightweight carbon fiber, and bendable concrete reinforced with fibers.
Cracks in concrete and its remedial measures kamariya keyur
Cracks in concrete can be caused by various factors like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, thermal variations, chemical reactions, errors in design and construction practices, structural overloads, foundation movement, and vegetation. The document classifies cracks as structural or non-structural and describes different types of cracks that can occur before or after concrete hardening. It provides details on the causes and prevention measures for different types of cracks like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, crazing, thermal cracks, cracks due to chemical reactions, and those arising from poor construction practices. The summary focuses on the key information around classification, types, causes and remedies of cracks in concrete structures.
The document discusses various types of chemical admixtures used for concrete, including plasticizers, superplasticizers, retarders, accelerators, and air-entraining admixtures. It explains that admixtures can modify the properties of fresh and hardened concrete by altering workability, strength development, permeability, and durability. Superplasticizers in particular are highlighted as they can significantly reduce water content and increase workability and strength. The document concludes that superplasticizers and air-entraining admixtures are most commonly used, and that superplasticizers allow for reduced cement and increased construction of large structures.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
Self-compacting concrete was developed in Japan in the 1980s to solve problems with inadequate compaction of traditional concrete. It uses a high paste content and superplasticizers to create a concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. Tests were developed to evaluate properties like filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. Self-compacting concrete provides benefits like easier placement, faster construction, better surface finish, and improved durability. However, it also has higher costs associated with materials and mix design development.
The document discusses reinforced cement concrete (RCC), including its history, materials, specifications, and advantages/disadvantages. RCC uses steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to resist tensile, shear, and sometimes compressive stresses. François Coignet is considered a pioneer of RCC, building the first reinforced concrete structure in 1853. Proper proportions and mixing of cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, and water are needed to produce durable concrete. Precast concrete involves casting pieces off-site then transporting them for assembly.
13 construction material from the futureMasoud Fayeq
The document summarizes 13 emerging construction materials, including translucent concrete that uses glass fibers to allow light transmission, sensiTiles with embedded fiber optics that twinkle as people walk on them, and electrified wood that incorporates wiring to power devices. It also discusses flexible honeycomb structures, paper-based countertops, self-repairing cement with microcapsules that seal cracks, strong yet lightweight carbon fiber, and bendable concrete reinforced with fibers.
Cracks in concrete and its remedial measures kamariya keyur
Cracks in concrete can be caused by various factors like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, thermal variations, chemical reactions, errors in design and construction practices, structural overloads, foundation movement, and vegetation. The document classifies cracks as structural or non-structural and describes different types of cracks that can occur before or after concrete hardening. It provides details on the causes and prevention measures for different types of cracks like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, crazing, thermal cracks, cracks due to chemical reactions, and those arising from poor construction practices. The summary focuses on the key information around classification, types, causes and remedies of cracks in concrete structures.
The document discusses various types of chemical admixtures used for concrete, including plasticizers, superplasticizers, retarders, accelerators, and air-entraining admixtures. It explains that admixtures can modify the properties of fresh and hardened concrete by altering workability, strength development, permeability, and durability. Superplasticizers in particular are highlighted as they can significantly reduce water content and increase workability and strength. The document concludes that superplasticizers and air-entraining admixtures are most commonly used, and that superplasticizers allow for reduced cement and increased construction of large structures.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
Self-compacting concrete was developed in Japan in the 1980s to solve problems with inadequate compaction of traditional concrete. It uses a high paste content and superplasticizers to create a concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. Tests were developed to evaluate properties like filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. Self-compacting concrete provides benefits like easier placement, faster construction, better surface finish, and improved durability. However, it also has higher costs associated with materials and mix design development.
The document discusses reinforced cement concrete (RCC), including its history, materials, specifications, and advantages/disadvantages. RCC uses steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to resist tensile, shear, and sometimes compressive stresses. François Coignet is considered a pioneer of RCC, building the first reinforced concrete structure in 1853. Proper proportions and mixing of cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, and water are needed to produce durable concrete. Precast concrete involves casting pieces off-site then transporting them for assembly.
This document discusses creep and shrinkage in concrete structures. It defines creep as time-dependent deformations of concrete under load, and shrinkage as shortening of concrete due to drying that is independent of applied loads. Factors that affect creep include concrete mix proportions, aggregate properties, age at loading, curing conditions, cement properties, temperature, and stress level. Factors that affect shrinkage include drying conditions, time, and water-cement ratio. The document also discusses types of shrinkage such as plastic, drying, autogenous, and carbonation shrinkages. It outlines effects of creep and shrinkage on structures and methods to prevent shrinkage.
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
This document discusses the components, classification, properties, workability, and strength testing of concrete. Concrete is made up of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, air, and water. It can be classified as hardened or fresh concrete. The properties of fresh concrete include workability, segregation, and bleeding, while hardened concrete properties include strength, impermeability, durability, and dimensional variations. Workability is tested using slump, compaction factor, and Vebe tests. Compressive strength of hardened concrete is tested using cube or cylinder tests.
This document discusses the durability and permeability of concrete. It defines durability as the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Permeability is defined as the property that governs the rate of flow of a fluid into a porous solid. The document discusses factors that affect the durability and permeability of concrete such as water-cement ratio, cement properties, aggregate type and quality, curing methods, and use of admixtures. Maintaining a low water-cement ratio and limiting chloride and sulfate levels in concrete are important for ensuring durability.
This document provides information on concrete mix design, including objectives, basic considerations, and the IS (Indian Standards) method for mix design. The objectives of mix design are to achieve the desired workability, strength, durability, and cost. Basic considerations include cost, specifications, workability, strength, durability, and aggregate grading. The IS method is then described in steps, including selecting target strength, water-cement ratio, air content, water and sand contents, cement content, and aggregate contents. An example application of the IS method is also provided.
Causes and prevention of cracks in buildingsSUPREETH Suppi
This document discusses cracks in buildings, including their causes and prevention. It begins by defining cracks and noting the importance of understanding crack causes and remedies. Structural cracks arise from design or loading issues, while non-structural cracks are due to factors like moisture, temperature changes, or chemical reactions. Common causes of cracks include structural deficiencies, temperature/shrinkage effects, poor workmanship, and settlement. The document outlines various crack types and investigation methods. It then discusses prevention techniques before concluding that cracks should be avoided in important buildings due to effects on aesthetics and leaks.
High performance concrete provides improved durability and structural capacity compared to conventional concrete. It has a denser microstructure due to a lower water-cement ratio, making it more impermeable and durable. Various methods can be used to produce high strength concrete, including seeding, revibration, and using admixtures. High performance concrete requires careful material selection and mixing to obtain properties like low permeability, high early strength, and resistance to chemical attack. It is an engineered concrete that achieves optimized performance for given loading and exposure conditions.
non destructive concrete testing equipment
non destructive concrete testing methods
non destructive test Penetration method
Rebound hammer method
Pull out test method
Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
Radioactive methods
methods of testing concrete
concrete strength testing methods
types of non destructive testing
non destructive concrete testing equipment
concrete tests pdf
destructive and non destructive testing
concrete testing procedures
non destructive test for concrete
destructive and non destructive testing
non destructive testing pdf
types of non destructive testing
non destructive testing methods
non destructive testing methods ppt
This document discusses repairs, rehabilitation, and retrofitting of structures. It begins by defining repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting. Repair returns a structure to its previous condition without improving strength. Rehabilitation considers strength by repairing damage. Retrofitting modifies existing structures to increase resistance to hazards like earthquakes. It provides examples of each process. The document outlines evaluation and quality control methods for repairs. It also discusses materials and techniques used for crack repair in structures, including epoxy injection grouting. Overall, the document provides an overview of restoring and upgrading structures through various repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting methods.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.shebina a
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
Finishing works (Building Construction)Zairul Zaiky
This document discusses finishing works in building construction. It focuses on plastering as a type of wall finishing. Plastering functions to protect and cover basic work, produce a flat surface, protect from climate effects, provide a base for paint or tiles, increase durability, and provide comfort. Plastering of internal walls involves base and finish coat layers applied with trowels, while external walls involve thicker, rougher base and finish coats. Different types of materials like cement, lime, sand, and water are used for plastering. Floor finishes can also include tiles made from materials like thermoplastic, vinyl, cork, clay, quarry, and terrazzo.
This document discusses high-strength concrete (HSC). It defines HSC as concrete with a 28-day compressive strength of over 40 MPa. HSC uses a low water-cement ratio, smaller aggregate sizes, and admixtures like silica fume and superplasticizers. Compared to normal-strength concrete, HSC has higher resistance to pressure, modulus of elasticity, and strength gained at an earlier age. Some applications of HSC mentioned include bridges, high-rise buildings, power plants, and skyscrapers. The document concludes that interest in HSC is growing rapidly due to its advantages like reduced material needs and increased construction speeds.
Distress of concrete structures & their repair techniquesZaid Ansari
This document discusses concrete distress and repair techniques. It begins by explaining that concrete structures may need repair after 25-30 years of service without maintenance. It then lists common causes of concrete distress like weathering, environmental effects, poor design/construction, and water leakage leading to corrosion. The document outlines expected service lives for different structure types. It also describes common concrete failure modes and causes of early deterioration. The remainder of the document discusses techniques for identifying distressed concrete, various repair materials and methods, and the need for trained concrete workers.
This document discusses prefabricated concrete columns. It defines prefabrication as assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. Precast concrete columns can be single or double-story height and are made in modular designs to accommodate different heights. Columns have widths of 300mm, 450mm, or 600mm and can be rectangular or circular. Connection methods between the column and foundation include cast-in base plates, dowel tubes, or projections. The manufacturing process for precast concrete components involves 10 main steps including installing molds and reinforcement, pouring and vibrating concrete, curing, and removing molds.
This document outlines 8 techniques for repairing cracks in concrete structures: 1) Sealing with epoxies, 2) Routing and sealing, 3) Stitching, 4) External stressing, 5) Overlays, 6) Grouting, 7) Blanketing, and 8) Autogenous healing. Sealing with epoxies involves injecting epoxy compounds into cracks at high pressure. Routing and sealing enlarges cracks and fills them with sealants. Stitching reestablishes tensile strength across major cracks using metal units drilled into crack walls. External stressing closes cracks by applying compression to overcome tensile stresses. Overlays provide a sealed surface for multiple cracks. Grouting is an alternative
The document discusses trends in sustainable building design and low energy buildings. It covers several topics:
1. It describes various trend-setting sustainable building designs from around the world that use techniques like vertical gardens, biomimicry, and seamless indoor-outdoor integration.
2. It discusses the characteristics and goals of low energy buildings, which aim to reduce embodied and operational energy through techniques like passive design, automation, and renewable energy integration.
3. It proposes new sustainability indicators and models for comprehensively assessing the environmental impacts of building materials and construction processes from a life cycle perspective.
REDECON 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TALL STRUCTURES sabnisajit
The document describes a conference on tall structures that included discussions of sustainability indices for buildings. It introduces a new Sustainability Development Index (SDI) based on the concept of Figure of Merit (FoM) to evaluate sustainability levels in tall buildings. The SDI is expressed as a percentage that considers factors like material properties, embodied energy, carbon emissions, and transport energy. A case study application of the SDI to various building projects in different Indian cities and climates is also presented.
This document discusses creep and shrinkage in concrete structures. It defines creep as time-dependent deformations of concrete under load, and shrinkage as shortening of concrete due to drying that is independent of applied loads. Factors that affect creep include concrete mix proportions, aggregate properties, age at loading, curing conditions, cement properties, temperature, and stress level. Factors that affect shrinkage include drying conditions, time, and water-cement ratio. The document also discusses types of shrinkage such as plastic, drying, autogenous, and carbonation shrinkages. It outlines effects of creep and shrinkage on structures and methods to prevent shrinkage.
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
This document discusses the components, classification, properties, workability, and strength testing of concrete. Concrete is made up of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, air, and water. It can be classified as hardened or fresh concrete. The properties of fresh concrete include workability, segregation, and bleeding, while hardened concrete properties include strength, impermeability, durability, and dimensional variations. Workability is tested using slump, compaction factor, and Vebe tests. Compressive strength of hardened concrete is tested using cube or cylinder tests.
This document discusses the durability and permeability of concrete. It defines durability as the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. Permeability is defined as the property that governs the rate of flow of a fluid into a porous solid. The document discusses factors that affect the durability and permeability of concrete such as water-cement ratio, cement properties, aggregate type and quality, curing methods, and use of admixtures. Maintaining a low water-cement ratio and limiting chloride and sulfate levels in concrete are important for ensuring durability.
This document provides information on concrete mix design, including objectives, basic considerations, and the IS (Indian Standards) method for mix design. The objectives of mix design are to achieve the desired workability, strength, durability, and cost. Basic considerations include cost, specifications, workability, strength, durability, and aggregate grading. The IS method is then described in steps, including selecting target strength, water-cement ratio, air content, water and sand contents, cement content, and aggregate contents. An example application of the IS method is also provided.
Causes and prevention of cracks in buildingsSUPREETH Suppi
This document discusses cracks in buildings, including their causes and prevention. It begins by defining cracks and noting the importance of understanding crack causes and remedies. Structural cracks arise from design or loading issues, while non-structural cracks are due to factors like moisture, temperature changes, or chemical reactions. Common causes of cracks include structural deficiencies, temperature/shrinkage effects, poor workmanship, and settlement. The document outlines various crack types and investigation methods. It then discusses prevention techniques before concluding that cracks should be avoided in important buildings due to effects on aesthetics and leaks.
High performance concrete provides improved durability and structural capacity compared to conventional concrete. It has a denser microstructure due to a lower water-cement ratio, making it more impermeable and durable. Various methods can be used to produce high strength concrete, including seeding, revibration, and using admixtures. High performance concrete requires careful material selection and mixing to obtain properties like low permeability, high early strength, and resistance to chemical attack. It is an engineered concrete that achieves optimized performance for given loading and exposure conditions.
non destructive concrete testing equipment
non destructive concrete testing methods
non destructive test Penetration method
Rebound hammer method
Pull out test method
Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
Radioactive methods
methods of testing concrete
concrete strength testing methods
types of non destructive testing
non destructive concrete testing equipment
concrete tests pdf
destructive and non destructive testing
concrete testing procedures
non destructive test for concrete
destructive and non destructive testing
non destructive testing pdf
types of non destructive testing
non destructive testing methods
non destructive testing methods ppt
This document discusses repairs, rehabilitation, and retrofitting of structures. It begins by defining repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting. Repair returns a structure to its previous condition without improving strength. Rehabilitation considers strength by repairing damage. Retrofitting modifies existing structures to increase resistance to hazards like earthquakes. It provides examples of each process. The document outlines evaluation and quality control methods for repairs. It also discusses materials and techniques used for crack repair in structures, including epoxy injection grouting. Overall, the document provides an overview of restoring and upgrading structures through various repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting methods.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.shebina a
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
Finishing works (Building Construction)Zairul Zaiky
This document discusses finishing works in building construction. It focuses on plastering as a type of wall finishing. Plastering functions to protect and cover basic work, produce a flat surface, protect from climate effects, provide a base for paint or tiles, increase durability, and provide comfort. Plastering of internal walls involves base and finish coat layers applied with trowels, while external walls involve thicker, rougher base and finish coats. Different types of materials like cement, lime, sand, and water are used for plastering. Floor finishes can also include tiles made from materials like thermoplastic, vinyl, cork, clay, quarry, and terrazzo.
This document discusses high-strength concrete (HSC). It defines HSC as concrete with a 28-day compressive strength of over 40 MPa. HSC uses a low water-cement ratio, smaller aggregate sizes, and admixtures like silica fume and superplasticizers. Compared to normal-strength concrete, HSC has higher resistance to pressure, modulus of elasticity, and strength gained at an earlier age. Some applications of HSC mentioned include bridges, high-rise buildings, power plants, and skyscrapers. The document concludes that interest in HSC is growing rapidly due to its advantages like reduced material needs and increased construction speeds.
Distress of concrete structures & their repair techniquesZaid Ansari
This document discusses concrete distress and repair techniques. It begins by explaining that concrete structures may need repair after 25-30 years of service without maintenance. It then lists common causes of concrete distress like weathering, environmental effects, poor design/construction, and water leakage leading to corrosion. The document outlines expected service lives for different structure types. It also describes common concrete failure modes and causes of early deterioration. The remainder of the document discusses techniques for identifying distressed concrete, various repair materials and methods, and the need for trained concrete workers.
This document discusses prefabricated concrete columns. It defines prefabrication as assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. Precast concrete columns can be single or double-story height and are made in modular designs to accommodate different heights. Columns have widths of 300mm, 450mm, or 600mm and can be rectangular or circular. Connection methods between the column and foundation include cast-in base plates, dowel tubes, or projections. The manufacturing process for precast concrete components involves 10 main steps including installing molds and reinforcement, pouring and vibrating concrete, curing, and removing molds.
This document outlines 8 techniques for repairing cracks in concrete structures: 1) Sealing with epoxies, 2) Routing and sealing, 3) Stitching, 4) External stressing, 5) Overlays, 6) Grouting, 7) Blanketing, and 8) Autogenous healing. Sealing with epoxies involves injecting epoxy compounds into cracks at high pressure. Routing and sealing enlarges cracks and fills them with sealants. Stitching reestablishes tensile strength across major cracks using metal units drilled into crack walls. External stressing closes cracks by applying compression to overcome tensile stresses. Overlays provide a sealed surface for multiple cracks. Grouting is an alternative
The document discusses trends in sustainable building design and low energy buildings. It covers several topics:
1. It describes various trend-setting sustainable building designs from around the world that use techniques like vertical gardens, biomimicry, and seamless indoor-outdoor integration.
2. It discusses the characteristics and goals of low energy buildings, which aim to reduce embodied and operational energy through techniques like passive design, automation, and renewable energy integration.
3. It proposes new sustainability indicators and models for comprehensively assessing the environmental impacts of building materials and construction processes from a life cycle perspective.
REDECON 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TALL STRUCTURES sabnisajit
The document describes a conference on tall structures that included discussions of sustainability indices for buildings. It introduces a new Sustainability Development Index (SDI) based on the concept of Figure of Merit (FoM) to evaluate sustainability levels in tall buildings. The SDI is expressed as a percentage that considers factors like material properties, embodied energy, carbon emissions, and transport energy. A case study application of the SDI to various building projects in different Indian cities and climates is also presented.
This document provides information on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) pavements. It discusses the history of concrete pavements beginning in 1889. It then defines FRC, describing different fiber types including steel, synthetic, polypropylene, and natural fibers. The document outlines various FRC types such as steel fiber reinforced concrete and glass fiber reinforced concrete. It also discusses mixing methods and applications. Cost reduction methods for FRC pavements are mentioned. References are provided at the end.
His Holiness Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad addressed guests in Copenhagen, Denmark about common misconceptions of Islam. He explained that Islam teaches humanity, compassion, and establishing true peace in the world. It emphasizes fulfilling the rights of all people and treating everyone with respect, regardless of beliefs. His Holiness sought to clarify that Islam advocates for discarding hatred and uniting under a banner of love and justice. It counsels establishing peace and justice in society and between all people.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COIR FIBRE REINFORCED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE ...IAEME Publication
Objective: To investigate the behavior of coir fiber as reinforcement in geopolymer concrete. Analysis: Low-calcium fly ash is used as the production of geopolymer concrete. Before using in concrete coir fiber is treated with latex adhesive solution. Coir fiber of length 25mm with various percentages i.e.., 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 3% are used. The combination of Na2SiO3 solution &NaOH result was used for fly ash activation. Binding agent to fly ash ratio was 0.45.The molarity used was 12M (Molars). Ambient curing is followed for this work. Findings: The various strength parameters were tested at various ages i.e.., 7, 14 and 28 days. Applications: Coir fiber which is acting as reinforcement added to resist the micro cracks. So this can be applicable where the requirement to resist the micro cracks.
National Conference on Alternative building Technologies and green Buildings. Concept of Green buildings and high performance buildings discussed in the framework of sustainability and assessment of impact of Built environment on natural environment.
Role of sustainability indices in tall buildingssabnisajit
Need of the hour is to determine the sustainability level of a building at the drawing board stage based on the BOQ stipulated. This quantification helps in adopting alternative sustainable building materials and Construction methodologies. This presentation tries to explain the available sustainability indices for tall buildings.
CFRP STRENGTHENING OF CIRCULAR CONCRETE SLAB WITH AND WITHOUT OPENINGSIAEME Publication
This paper includes an investigation and experimental testing of R.C circular slabs with and without opening and strengthens with CFRP sheets, CFRP bare, and both. Normal concrete (NC) and self-compacted concrete (SCC) were used to cast the slabs. The experimental part includes testing of fourteen circular slabs divided into four groups having diameter of 1200mm and thickness of 80mm. Three types of strengthening used; the first type is CFRP sheets only, the second type is CFRP bar only, and the third type is the combination of the two types of strengthening (i.e. CFRP sheets and CFRP bar together). The use of CFRP sheets delays the appearance of the cracks by (14.75%-51.76%) compared with slabs without strengthening. The experimental results showed that the opening existence in the slabs without strengthening reduces the ultimate load carrying capacity by (24.98%-27.77%) compared with slab without opening, and the higher reduction in the ultimate load occurs in the slab (S2S2) by (30.55%) which is strengthen with CFRP sheets and contains two square opening.
Rehabilitation of Oragvis-Gele Water RC Reservoir, Existing ConditionsVladimir Popovic
The original design for rehabilitating an existing drinking water reservoir involved cleaning and repairing. However, upon entry, significant structural issues were discovered, including corroded reinforcement exposed in the roof slab and walls, holes allowing animal and water entry, and unsealed concrete layers in the walls. The scope of work was changed to a new design demolishing the roof slab and parts of walls to construct a new reservoir within the existing shell. Demolition revealed further deficiencies like thin roof slab with deteriorated reinforcement and unsealed concrete layers in the walls allowing water infiltration.
This document provides an overview of rehabilitation strategies, design, and materials for concrete structures. It discusses causes of concrete damage, assessment of defects, and evaluation of safety. The presentation covers current repair practices, rehabilitation strategies like stress reduction and strengthening, material selection factors, and the repair process from condition survey to analysis and implementation. Rehabilitation aims to restore capacity to meet typical loads while repair techniques remove damaged parts and replacement. Proper planning, investigation, and addressing the root causes are emphasized for effective concrete rehabilitation.
Improvement of Thermal Performance of
RC Slab Roofs
November 2010
Note: This report is focused on calculating the efficiency (.i.e.temperature difference) of different roof insulative techniques currently available in Pakistan. The study was done in the peak summer months, in G-6/1, Islamabad. The study also compares the initial and running costs of the materials and their respective life cycles.
This document discusses various concrete curing methods including formwork, plastic sheeting, internal curing compounds, ponding, and sprinkling. Formwork and plastic sheeting can effectively cure concrete if kept moist, especially in hot dry weather. Internal curing compounds inhibit moisture loss to improve strength and reduce shrinkage. Ponding is effective for flat surfaces if a water supply is available. Sprinkling or fog curing can be used on most surfaces but require major water and drainage systems to prevent waste. The document provides details on properly applying the different curing methods.
Simplification of train loading on bridgessanjay002
This document presents a study that aims to simplify the process of determining train load effects on bridges. It analyzes simply supported bridges with spans ranging from 5m to 40m under IRC Class A, AA and 70R train loadings. Equivalent uniformly distributed loads are used to calculate maximum bending moments and shear forces at different span locations. Charts are developed showing variations in bending moment and shear force with span length. These charts allow bridge engineers to easily determine design forces for different load cases, improving efficiency over traditional load placement calculations. In conclusion, the charts make it simple to identify critical sections and ensure structural adequacy under shifting single train loads.
Sudden Impact - Designing LAMP Applications for High LoadsFleep
Learn to design and optimize web applications that won\'t buckle under the stress of high concurrency. Includes a great tutorial on Memcache and utilizing different caching policies for different scenarios. Also includes some basic optimization techniques for data structure design.
This document discusses dispute resolution methods in construction, including litigation, arbitration, and alternative dispute resolution. It defines key terms like claim, conflict, and dispute. Arbitration is described as the most popular method in construction for resolving formal disputes through a private tribunal appointed by the parties' agreement. Alternative dispute resolution seeks to resolve conflicts privately without litigation and may involve negotiation, mediation, conciliation or other third party involvement. The document examines the history of dispute resolution moving from informal meetings to arbitration to ease court congestion. The arbitration process and alternative methods like dispute review boards are outlined.
Pre-cast Concrete Panel Use in Freeway Rehabilitationsasha gollish
This document discusses how non-destructive testing can help prolong the life of aging infrastructure like highways. It describes the highway design and repair processes and the types of non-destructive tests used in evaluating highways, including falling weight deflectometer testing and ground penetrating radar. The document also outlines guidelines for determining the appropriate repair method based on load transfer efficiency test results and considers how non-destructive testing may be applied at the construction level and help the future of highway repair.
1. The document studies the effect of adding polyethylene fibers on the strength properties of fly ash obtained from a local thermal power station, through unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests.
2. The study found that adding fibers increased the peak deviator stress, elastic moduli, strain at failure and shear strength parameters like cohesion and angle of internal friction of the fly ash. Higher fiber content and aspect ratio led to greater improvements in strength.
3. The increased strength is due to fibers transferring shear stresses better and providing more surface area for interlocking with increasing aspect ratio, leading to more ductile failure behavior in reinforced fly ash.
BriefTHE EFFECT OF CREATED OPENING UNDER WORKING LOADmichael mabrouk
This document summarizes the key points of a thesis on reinforced concrete beams with openings. It discusses introducing openings in beams, how it affects behavior, and strengthening techniques. The experimental program tested 11 beam specimens with variations in opening size, location, and strengthening material. Results showed reductions in stiffness, load capacity, and increases in cracking for beams with openings. Strengthening openings helped compensate for losses and improved load-deflection response. Theoretical analysis of test results found plastic hinge and FRP strengthening methods could predict beam behavior.
This document outlines various load types that must be considered in bridge design, including:
1. Dead loads from structural components like deck slabs, girders, and railings.
2. Live loads according to Indian Road Congress (IRC) standards, including Class A and 70R loadings.
3. Impact allowance as a percentage of live load to account for dynamic effects, ranging from 10-25% depending on span length and vehicle type.
4. Other loads such as wind loads, which are dependent on average height and wind velocity, and seismic forces. A table provides wind pressure and velocity values.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Par...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the use of dolomite powder as a partial replacement for cement in glass fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fibers are added at 0.5% volume fraction to improve the concrete's tensile strength and ductility. Dolomite powder is used to replace cement at varying percentages in order to reduce the cost and environmental impact of concrete production. The document reviews previous literature on the use of dolomite powder and glass fibers in concrete. It then outlines the properties of the cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, dolomite powder, and glass fibers used in the experimental investigation. The investigation aims to determine the compressive strength of concrete mixtures with dolomite cement replacement and a constant glass fiber addition.
The document discusses different types of cement and concrete used in construction. It describes cement as the binding agent in concrete which is composed of aggregates, cement, and water. Several types of cement are listed including Portland cement and high alumina cement. The properties and chemical composition of concrete are also summarized. Different types of concrete for pavement construction are defined such as high strength concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and self-compacting concrete.
Introduction
Types Of Fibers
Production Of SCFRC
Fresh Concrete Tests
Concrete Mixing And Casting Of Beams
Influence Of Concrete Type And Coarse Aggregate Characteristics On Shear
Influence Of Shear Span To Depth Ratio On Shear
Influence Of Beam Size On Shear
Advantages
Conclusions
References
Study of Compressive and Flexural Strength of Fibrous Triple Blended High Str...researchinventy
-Change has been a constant parameter within the concrete industry in view of increasing construction activities and most importantly an increased thrust in high quality yet economic structures. This change has thus, brought along with it, different trends in concrete technology with respect to the way in which it is perceived and more technically, its composition, its handling, mixing etc. . As a result, we have today, different types of concretes such as triple blended concrete, self-compacted concrete, bacterial concrete etc. which have, in their own respective manner, succeeded in enhancing the serviceability of the structure with which they are built, in comparison to ordinary concrete. In this report, we focus and emphasize on Triple Blended Concrete, its meaning, materials involved, process of casting, testing, salient features et al.
IRJET- Evaluation of Workability Characteristics of Self Compacting ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document evaluates the workability characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes containing hypo sludge and polypropylene fibers.
An M30 grade SCC mix was designed according to EFNARC guidelines. Cement was replaced with hypo sludge at levels from 2-8% and polypropylene fibers were added from 0.2-0.4%. Workability tests including slump flow, J-ring, L-box, V-funnel, and U-box were performed.
The results showed that as fiber content increased from 0.2-0.4%, slump flow values decreased from 672mm to 642mm, indicating lower workability. The
Iaetsd experimental investigation on self compacting fiber reinforced concret...Iaetsd Iaetsd
- The document discusses using self-compacting fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC) for rigid pavements.
- SCFRC provides good compressive and tensile strength, making it suitable for rigid pavements. An experimental investigation tested different fiber types in SCFRC and evaluated strength properties.
- A rigid pavement was designed and cast using SCFRC according to IRC methods. Core cutting tests were performed on pavement samples to evaluate strength and durability.
Iirdem experimental investigation on self compacting fiber reinforced concret...Iaetsd Iaetsd
- The document discusses using self-compacting fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC) in rigid pavements. SCFRC provides good compressive and tensile strength suitable for pavement construction.
- Previous studies have shown that polypropylene fiber SCC resists cracking and spalling at high temperatures, making it promising for tunnels requiring high fire safety. Glass fiber reinforced concrete is also discussed as a potential structural material for its lightweight and improved tensile strength over concrete.
- The research aims to determine if SCC can be used for rigid pavements and evaluate the strength properties of fiber reinforced hardened concrete for this application. Different fiber types in SCC are investigated.
1. The document discusses various types of special concretes including lightweight concrete, foam concrete, self-compacting concrete, vacuum concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, ferrocement, ready mix concrete, slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON), and shotcrete.
2. Lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates like shale, clay, or slate to reduce density while maintaining strength. Foam concrete is made by injecting air or gas into the mix to create a cellular structure.
3. Self-compacting concrete can be placed without vibration due to its fluidity. Vacuum concrete has water removed using vacuum mats to increase strength.
IRJET- Study on Latex Steel Fibre Reinforced ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on latex steel fiber reinforced concrete. Three concrete mixes were tested: a plain control mix without fibers or latex (Mix 1), a mix with 1% steel fibers and 5% latex (Mix 2), and a mix with 2% steel fibers and 5% latex (Mix 3). The compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days. All strengths generally increased with the addition of fibers and latex. For example, the 28-day compressive strengths were 31.11 MPa for Mix 1, 34.96 MPa for Mix 2 (a 12.37% increase), and 38.82 MPa for Mix 3 (a 24.78
This document discusses self-compacting fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC). It defines SCFRC as concrete that can flow under its own weight and fill formwork without vibration. The document outlines different fiber types that can be used in SCFRC including steel, plastic, glass, carbon and natural fibers. It also describes tests conducted on SCFRC mixtures, such as slump flow and V-funnel tests. The document analyzes the influence of factors like aggregate size and shear span-to-depth ratio on the shear strength of SCFRC beams. It concludes that SCFRC provides benefits like higher strength and durability compared to normal concrete.
The document discusses different types of ready-mix concrete available from CEMEX with special properties and performance. It describes standard ready-mix concrete as the most common type, prepared off-site for quality control. It also mentions architectural concrete which provides aesthetic finishes, rapid-setting concrete for accelerated construction, and fiber-reinforced concrete which increases durability and crack resistance. Additional types discussed include fluid-fill concrete for pipe installation, roller-compacted concrete for spillways, self-consolidating concrete with high strengths, pervious concrete for drainage, and antibacterial concrete for clean environments.
IRJET- Performance of Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete Made with...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) made with manufactured sand. The study investigated the workability and mechanical strength properties of FRSCC mixtures with varying fiber types (steel and polypropylene) and dosages (0.5-2% by volume). Testing of fresh and hardened concrete properties showed that FRSCC mixtures with 1% steel fiber or 1.5% polypropylene fiber content met fresh concrete workability standards and achieved higher compressive and flexural strengths than plain self-compacting concrete. The results indicate that manufactured sand can be partially substituted for natural river sand in producing fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete with improved mechanical properties.
Flexural Behavior of Fibrous Reinforced Cement Concrete Blended With Fly Ash ...Ijripublishers Ijri
This document discusses high strength concrete that is reinforced with fibers. It provides background on concrete composites and describes how high strength concrete is achieved through methods like using a lower water-cement ratio or supplementary cementitious materials. The document focuses on fiber reinforced concrete and the benefits fibers provide, such as improved strength and crack resistance. It also discusses different types of fibers like steel fibers and their properties. Blended cements and use of pozzolanic materials like metakaolin and fly ash are described as ways to further improve concrete strength and durability.
This document summarizes research on the durability of fibre reinforced concrete. It discusses how fibres can improve the properties of concrete, including increased tensile strength and resistance to cracking. It outlines the methodology of the research, which involves testing concrete reinforced with different types and amounts of fibres, including steel, glass, natural and artificial fibres. The research examines the effect of fibres on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete beams. It also evaluates the durability of fibre reinforced concrete exposed to chloride and sulfate attacks. The results indicate that natural fibre reinforced concrete has the highest tensile strength and best durability. The research concludes that fibre reinforcement improves concrete properties and durability.
This document discusses different types of concrete. It begins by explaining that concrete is composed of cement, fine aggregates like sand, and coarse aggregates mixed with water. It then describes several types of concrete including ordinary concrete, self-compacting concrete, reinforced cement concrete, precast concrete, prestressed concrete, and pervious concrete. For each type, it provides a brief definition and some of the key characteristics. The document focuses on explaining the composition and properties of different concretes used in construction.
Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Rehabilitated With Ferro-ceme...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using ferrocement laminates to rehabilitate and strengthen reinforced concrete beams. Ferrocement is a versatile material formed from cement mortar reinforced with a closely spaced wire mesh. It has a higher tensile strength and better cracking resistance than concrete. The study aims to increase the strength of existing beams and extend their lifespan by applying ferrocement laminates containing fly ash and silica fume as partial replacements for cement. Experimental flexural tests were conducted on beam specimens reinforced with different layers of chicken wire mesh and mixtures containing various replacement proportions. The results were analyzed to evaluate the flexural behavior and load carrying capacity of the rehabilitated beams.
SIFCON (Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete) is a unique construction material with high strength and ductility due to a phenomenon called "fiber-lock". It consists of a cementitious slurry matrix reinforced with steel fibers. The slurry has no coarse aggregates but a high cement and fine sand content. Factors like slurry strength, fiber volume and alignment affect its properties. SIFCON has excellent durability and energy absorption and is used in applications like pavements, bridges, and blast-resistant structures.
Strength and durability studies on silica fume modified high volume fly ash c...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on the strength and durability of silica fume modified high-volume fly ash concrete. Five concrete mixes were tested: a control mix and four mixes where 50% of cement was replaced with fly ash and additional replacement of cement with 5%, 10%, and 15% silica fume. Testing included compressive strength at various ages, rapid chloride permeability, chloride ion diffusion, and carbonation resistance. The addition of silica fume to high-volume fly ash concrete was found to improve mechanical properties and durability compared to fly ash concrete without silica fume.
IRJET- Mechanical and Bond Properties of Steel Fibre Reinforced SBR Modified ...IRJET Journal
1) The study evaluated the mechanical and bond properties of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete modified with Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) latex.
2) Specimens containing 0-15% SBR and 0.5% steel fibers by volume were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength as well as bond strength.
3) The results showed that compressive strength decreased with later curing ages, but flexural, tensile, and bond strength increased significantly with the addition of SBR and steel fibers.
This document discusses two types of polymer modified concrete: polymer impregnated concrete (PIC) and polymer cement concrete (PCC). PIC is produced by impregnating hardened concrete with liquid monomers that polymerize within the concrete's pores, improving strength and durability. PCC replaces part of the cement binder with polymers like latex, improving properties but at a higher cost than traditional concrete. Both types have applications in infrastructure like sewer pipes and bridge decks due to their enhanced performance.
Similar to An overview of emerging trends in construction technologies (20)
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
4. HIGH STRENGTH / HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
HSC- is primarily used in critical
components.
For structures exposed to aggressive
environmental conditions, HPC
ensuring long term Durability in terms
of resistance to weathering action,
chemical attack, abrasion etc is
important.
High fluidity without segregation, Low
coefficient of Permeability, High
Dimensional Stability are some of the
important characteristics of HSC and
HPC.
Cutting section of real
size RC column using
150 MPa concrete. Steel
fiber was added in the
150 MPa concrete to
prevent early spalling of
the cover concrete.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
4
5. EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)
“ A concrete that is capable of self compacting, occupies all the space
in the form without any external means like mechanical vibrations etc”
The guiding principle behind SCC is that the sedimentation velocity of
a particle is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the floating
medium in which the particle exists.
The Viscosity is greatly influenced by the powder content in the
medium. It is common practice to use substantial amount of mineral
admixture such as Flyash, GGBS to avoid thermal cracking.
The use of Self-Compacting Concrete
(SCC) in the precast industry is gaining
an increasing amount of attention due
to the many benefits that may be gained
from its properties.
5
6. FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC)
FRC- Fiber reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that includes
fibrous substance that increases its structural strength, durability and
ductility. FRC has minute distinct fibers that are homogeneously
dispersed in the concrete matrix and randomly oriented to give it a kind
of three dimensional stability. The improvement in concrete properties
by including these fibers depend on fiber content, shape of fiber,
aspect ratio of Fiber etc.
Depending on the type of fibers used, FRC is generally categorized as ;
Steel fiber Reinforced Concrete ( SFRC) - Synthetic Fiber Reinforced
Concrete ( SNRC) - Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete ( GFRC)
Flexural deformation ability of ductile
fiber reinforced cementitious
composite
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
6
7. POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE (PMC)
In certain cases we use concrete
formulations using organic polymers or
resins to tackle the limitations offered by
the ordinary concrete.
PMC is a composite in which 10 to 15% by
weight of cement binder is replaced by a
synthetic organic binder or a polymer latex.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
AT LEFT, AN UNMODIFIED PATCH IS
EASILY DISLODGED DUE TO A LACK
OF HYDRATION DURING CURING AND
LACK OF ADHESION. AT RIGHT, A
MODIFIED PATCH AT 10% POLYMER
(PERCENT POLYMER BY WEIGHT TO
CEMENT) WOULD NOT BUDGE.
POLYMER MODIFIED
CEMENT WATER
PROOFING
7
8. HIGH VOLUME FLYASH CONCRETE (HVFA)
HVFA has very low water content and at least 50% of the Portland cement
mass is replaced by class C or Class F – Flyash. Sometimes due to low
WC ratio, use of Super-plasticisers are required to improve workability
criteria while placing the concrete.
HVFA has excellent workability , low heat of hydration, durability
properties.
Another important aspect of HVFA is its low electrical conductivity and
the consequent ability to resist corrosion.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
Fly ash concrete is used in
severe exposure
applications
such as the decks and
piers of a bridge.
Ex:Tampa Bay's Sunshine
Skyway Bridge.
8
9. REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE (RPC)
RPC- Reactive Powder Concrete is an ultra High strength and
high ductility composite material. It is a special concrete with its
micro structure optimized by precise gradation of all particles in
the mix to yield maximum density.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
RPC beams are similar in size to
steel beams.
9
10. CEMENT
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
NANO CEMENT
Nano Cements are being developed as cements
containing well dispersed nano particles of
cement and mineral admixtures. These nano
particles would be evenly distributed among the
larger particles of mineral admixtures and with
such fine dispersion, even a lower content of
cement should be able to provide us the desired
binding of aggregates and admixture particles.
ENGINEERED CEMENT
Engineered Cement can be equated to Engineering the performance of
cement by tailoring the chemical composition and by controlling the
particle size distribution.
Further by the incorporation of mineral admixtures such as Fly ash or
GGBS in binary blends with OPC offer significant improvements in
durability properties. Ternary blends with Silica fume alter the
microstructure and density and strengthen the weak aggregate-mortar
interface zone. 10
11. With the explosive growth in high-rise residential construction, the
Load-Bearing Wall (LBW) system is gaining recognition. The walls and
slab are poured simultaneously when using the innovative tunnel form
construction method. Since the forms are stripped in 24 hours, the
daily cycle meets the demand of fast-track construction for repetitive
cell layouts, synonymous with many hotel and condominium projects.
EMERGING TRENDS IN FORMWORK (1)
11
12. Extruded aluminum forms
Plastic Forms
Fiber forms
Fabric forms
Form liners
Com Shells
Inflated Forms
Or In combination of above
Note : Form-liners are normally made of Rubber / silicone /
Thermoplastic or Polystyrene to impart intricate designs
surface finishes.
NEW FORM
MATERIALS (2)
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
12
13. FLY FORMS
GANG FORMS
SLIP FORMS
SUSPENDED SLAB FORMS
BEAM FORMS
JUMP FORMS
SINGLE-SIDED FORMS
CANTILEVER FORMS
ARCH FORMS
WALL AND COLUMN FORMS
TUNNEL FORMS
BRIDGE DECK FORMS
SHAFT-LINING FORMS
NEW FORM
TYPES (3)
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
13
14. TYPICAL FINISH
WITH FORM LINER
TYPICAL CIRCULAR
COLUMN FORM
TYPICAL WALL
FORM
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (4)
Some times Form liners are
also referred as Stay-in-Place
Formwork.
14
15. EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (5)
TYPICAL ALUMINUM
SLAB FORM
WITH ADJUSTABLE
PROPS
TYPICAL ALUMINUM TABLE FORM
WITH ADJUSTABLE PROPS
15
17. EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
THE
ALUMINUM
WALL
FORMS.
The benefits of using aluminum forms are superior to the old
method of plywood forming for formed cast-in-place concrete.
Apart from the dimensional stability of the forms, the overall
quality of the pour seems much better with tighter tolerances.
TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (6)
17
18. INSULATING CONCRETE FORMS
Homes built using an Insulating
Concrete Form (ICF) system literally
have the insulation built into the
walls as part of the structure. This
system creates walls that have a
high thermal resistance, with R-
values typically above R-17. Even
though ICF homes are constructed
using concrete, they look just like
traditional stick-built homes.
OTHER FORM SAMPLES (7) EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
18
19. SLIP FORM SAMPLES (8) EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
SLIP FORM – PLACER BOOM
MOUNTED ON TOP
19
21. EMERGING TRENDS IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
1.Pre Engineered Buildings
2.Pre-Cast Buildings
3.Construction Equipment
4.Fast Track Construction
5.Tilt-up Construction
6.Ground Freezing
7.High Rise Buildings
8.Soundless demolition Systems
21
22. SCC and computerized precision color
control are revolutionizing the Precast
Industry.
Ultralite panels are being manufactured with Carbon Cast, a grid of
carbon fiber reinforcing. The resulting weight reduction generates
savings in transportation, erection, and substructure costs.
The new POST- Prestressed Open Space Truss provides a solution
for long-spans, while maintaining the shallow floor depth of a flat
plate system. This system works well for parking spaces in the lower
levels.
Hybrid construction marries the benefits of PC and CIP (Cast in Place)
for a desired result, such as seismic performance, cost savings or
schedule implications.
PRECAST CONSTRUCTION
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
22
23. PRECAST CONSTRUCTION
EASI PANELS PVT LTD- MYSORE
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
PRECAST HOLLOW CAVITY RETAINING WALL
HOLLOW CAVITY WALL - EXTERNAL GRADE
OF WALLING PANEL (NON LOAD BEARING).
PRECAST WALL 100 MM THICK.
INSTALLED AT ONE OF
THE FACTORY IN MYSORE.
23
24. TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The Tilt Up industry is reaching new heights with the record lift
nearing 100 feet. Production is streamlined with embedded facers
cast integrally with wall panel to greatly reduce labor
requirements with conventional brick and mortar veneer.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
24
25. ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
Floodlights & PA
System
Membran
e Roof
New Ramp
System
Primary Roof
Structure
Existing stadia
bowl
•Largest roof over seating area
in India and among the top 5
largest in the world.
•70 m cantilever; 40 m height
from the ground.
•First Cable Fabric Roof in India
•10,000 MT of Structural Steel.
•500 MT of cable structure
holding the fabric – Imported
from Germany.
• 55,000 Sqm Special Glass Fabric (PTFE) Roof – Imported from
USA.
25
26. ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
The entire construction process of the
stadium was a state of art construction. Be
it erection of V & X- shape structural
columns OR………
26
27. ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
…..Cable Net Stressing or be it
the erection of Geo fabric
Membrane with Roof Manholes
and Maintenance Catwalks.
27
28. ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
28
29. 29
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The "Super Flex Wall" is a structural
frame method newly developed by the
Takenaka Corporation, used in
combination with a core wall (the
earthquake-resistant reinforced
concrete wall penetrating through the
center of the building from the lower
part to the top floor) and a structural
control method or with a base-isolation
method. Part of the structure is
cantilevered from the central core along
the periphery of the building.
HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
30. EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGYGROUND FREEZING TECHNOLOGY
Ground freezing technology makes use of the
properties of artificially frozen ground. To
achieve this, freeze pipes are bored or driven
into the ground in specified intervals. A
refrigerant is passed through the freeze pipes
absorbing the heat of the surrounding ground
as it circulates.
Ground freezing technology can be applied in
the following areas:
■ Tunnel construction
■ Deep Excavations in loose soil.
■ Extraction of undisturbed soil samples
■ Forcing through railway underpasses
■ Soil remediation
30
31. EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
SOUNDLESS DEMOLITION SYSTEMS
The traditional approach to demolishing
concrete structures or reducing the size
of large rocks or boulders has typically
included the use of explosives. The
resulting explosions are associated
with the obvious risks posed by shock
waves and fly rock. These problems,
along with other detrimental side effects
of using explosives, have increased an
interest in the use of alternative
methods to demolish rock and concrete
structures.
31
32. EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The emergence of electronics in
construction machines presents
the opportunity to re-engineer and
simplify the operator interface of
the machine. By using electronic
and electro-hydraulic control
systems, intelligent machine
functionality will dramatically
improve operator ease of use. This
change in turn will enhance
machine productivity and the
comfort and safety of the operator.
EQUIPMENT
32
33. REINFORCEMENT
Fabrication and corrosion are the crux of most Rebar issues.
“Reinforcement Carpet” gives a unique solution to reduce shipping and
erection costs. With little waste, this innovative tool may greatly change
the speed and precision of concrete mat construction. Galvanized and
stainless clad rebar offer less expensive, but corrosion-resistant
alternatives to stainless steel rebar. The latest technology of MMFX
micro-composite steel gives a high-strength, corrosion-resistant product
with a cost-effective price.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
33
37. EMERGING TRENDS
IN BUILDING
MATERIALS
BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS
Flip A Switch And An
ELECTROCHROMIC Window
Can Change From Clear To Fully
Darkened Or Any Level Of Tint
In-between.
37
SAND AND
BACTERIA FOR
HARDENING
38. EMERGING TRENDS REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
RCC STRUCTURES DETERIORATE SLOWLY DUE TO:
• CYCLIC TEMPERATURE,
• VARIATIONS IN LOADING PATTERNS,
• PHYSICAL CAUSES AND
• CHEMICAL ATTACK DUE TO ENVIRONMENT, ETC.
IF NOT PAID PROPER TIMELY ATTENTION, THESE DETERIORATE
RAPIDLY AND FAIL TO MEET THE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR
ITS DESIGNED SERVICE LIFE.
VARIOUS CAUSES OF DETERIORATION LIKE ORIGINAL
CONSTRUCTION DEFECTS, CHLORIDE INDUCED CORROSION,
CARBONATION OF CONCRETE, SULPHATE ATTACK, CRACKING DUE
TO THERMAL GRADIENT, PLASTIC SHRINKAGE CRACKS AND
FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT ETC., ARE TO BE LOOKED INTO, BEFORE
ADOPTING ANY STRATEGY.
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39. EMERGING TRENDS
REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
EMERGING TRENDS IN REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING ENCOMPASS ALL THE FOLLOWING
SPHERES.
•DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES FOR DISTRESS
ASSESSMENT.
•MATERIALS FOR RETROFITTING &
REHABILITATION.
• IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES
•ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF THE
MEASURES.
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42. EMERGING TRENDS
REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
WITH THE ADVENT OF NEWER
RETROFITTING MATERIALS AND
TECHNIQUES; AND WITH THE
BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE
BASICS OF RETROFITTING /
REHABILITATION ENGINEERING,
WE CAN NOW FORESEE STILL
BRIGHTER DAYS IN THIS FIELD.
-Dr. CSV
42
43. 43
EMERGING TRENDS IN MASONRY
The Mortarless Concrete Block Building
System comprises of blocks with six
different internal configuration that form
three separate air cores when stacked in
a single thickness.
Blocks are stacked without mortar, and
the center core of the stacked blocks is
filled with grout to form a solid concrete
core that separates the other two air
cores. This grout flows around and
through each block, bonding it to the
surrounding block and forming a grid of
columns and beams that tie all of the
blocks and walls together without mortar
joints.
44. 44
EMERGING TRENDS
IN MASONRYAUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS
AAC is well known as an environmentally
friendly construction material. In the
manufacturing process, no pollutants or
toxic by-products are produced. AAC is
also completely recyclable. Large,
precisely dimensioned elements of AAC
allow rapid construction. Their greater
dimensional accuracy requires less on-site
adjustment. The combination of large size
and dimensional accuracy allows greatly
increased productivity. Due to the light
weight of AAC, reduced equipment
demands are realized.
45. 45
Ready Mix Cement Plasters render high quality finish. It can be used
efficiently on brick, block, stone walls as well as concrete surfaces .
Benefits:
•Smooth plaster and Less curing (pre-wetting compulsory)
•Time saving and least rebound
•Light colored plaster walls with uniform quality
•Ensures Quality Plaster.
EMERGING TRENDS
IN MASONRY
SPRAY PLASTER
46. 46
WTP 5 MLD
STP 15 MLD
Elevators 63 Nos
Escalators 31 Nos
Travellators 5.20 Km
Conveyors for baggage 6.4 Km
X-Ray machines 41 Nos.
Boarding bridges 78 nos.
Flight information Displays 729 nos.
Number of Documents 735900 nos
Mails Exchanged 2485600 Nos
PTB- Building Envelope 200000 sqm
PTB-Toilet Blocks 145 Nos.
PTB- Baggage Handling per
Hour
12800 bags
PTB-Passenger boarding
bridges
78 Nos
Apron- India’s longest 640000 Sqm
EMERGING TRENDS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
EPC (Engineering, Procurement and
Construction) concept involves multiple
project participants performing the entire
design and construction process including
procurement of a variety of critical
components and interaction with clients and
many other stakeholders simultaneously.
The PSRM (Project Scheduling, reporting &
Monitoring) system adopted by L&T was
extensive. All activities at both macro and
micro level were designated with appropriate
weightages, S-Curves drawn for easy
monitoring.
DELHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
47. 47
EMERGING TRENDS IN
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
A BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the creation of parametric, or
intelligent, 3D models instead of 2D perspective „un-intelligent‟ drawings. A BIM
operates on a digital database and any change made to this database is
reflected throughout the entire drawing. This allows everyone involved in the
building lifecycle – architects, engineers, contractors, developers, and building
owners - to sync together allowing them to view the model in different ways and
seamlessly share information.
48. In conclusion,
future civil engineers cannot bind themselves
just to the knowledge they have accumulated
within four walls of a class room. They need to
keep learning the Emerging Technologies and
apply it on field.
This presentation is an humble effort to make
you stand face to face with the marvels of
Emerging Construction Technologies.
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