This document provides information on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) pavements. It discusses the history of concrete pavements beginning in 1889. It then defines FRC, describing different fiber types including steel, synthetic, polypropylene, and natural fibers. The document outlines various FRC types such as steel fiber reinforced concrete and glass fiber reinforced concrete. It also discusses mixing methods and applications. Cost reduction methods for FRC pavements are mentioned. References are provided at the end.
Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a modern Technology in the field of civil engineering, this ppt gives the overall view about the FRC, Uses of FRC in simplest way.
a brief overview of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) by Milad Nourizadeh from Civil engineering department of the University of Tabriz.
I've introduce some types of fiber with their historical backgrounds and their mechanical properties as well as their advantages and this advantages.
I also present some applications of FRC all over the world.
Finally, I hope you enjoy that!
Errata: Let's Begin in second slide
This presentation gives a brief introduction on FRC's history, definition and why is it used. Types of FRC's and it's applications is explained in detail in later stages.Also, it covers various properties that affects FRC and a Case study in end.
Hello readers,
In this presentation, I am sharing Fiber Reinforced Concrete.
The following parameters are discussed in the presentation:
History.
Why Fibers are used?
Type of fibers.
Mechanical properties of FRC.
Factors affecting properties of FRC.
Advantages and Disadvantages of FRC.
Applications of FRC.
Fibers are usually used in concrete to control cracking due to plastic shrinkage and to drying shrinkage. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce bleeding of water. Some types of fibers produce greater impact–, abrasion–, and shatter–resistance in concrete. Generally fibers do not increase the flexural strength of concrete, and so cannot replace moment–resisting or structural steel reinforcement. Indeed, some fibers actually reduce the strength of concrete.
The amount of fibers added to a concrete mix is expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the composite (concrete and fibers), termed "volume fraction" (Vf). Vf typically ranges from 0.1 to 3%. The aspect ratio (l/d) is calculated by dividing fiber length (l) by its diameter (d). Fibers with a non-circular cross section use an equivalent diameter for the calculation of aspect ratio. If the fiber's modulus of elasticity is higher than the matrix (concrete or mortar binder), they help to carry the load by increasing the tensile strength of the material. Increasing the aspect ratio of the fiber usually segments the flexural strength and toughness of the matrix. However, fibers that are too long tend to "ball" in the mix and create workability problems.
Some recent research[where?] indicated that using fibers in concrete has limited effect on the impact resistance of the materials.[1][2] This finding is very important since traditionally, people think that ductility increases when concrete is reinforced with fibers. The results also indicated that the use of micro fibers offers better impact resistance to that of longer fibers.[1]
The High Speed 1 tunnel linings incorporated concrete containing 1 kg/m³ of polypropylene fibers, of diameter 18 & 32 μm, giving the benefits noted below.
Introduction
Benefits of FRC
Toughening Mechanism
Factor affecting the properties of FRC
Comparison of Mix Proportion of FRC and Plain Concrete
Type of fibres
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)
Structural behaviour & Durability of SFRC
Problems with SFRC
Application Of FRC
Conclusion
Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a modern Technology in the field of civil engineering, this ppt gives the overall view about the FRC, Uses of FRC in simplest way.
a brief overview of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) by Milad Nourizadeh from Civil engineering department of the University of Tabriz.
I've introduce some types of fiber with their historical backgrounds and their mechanical properties as well as their advantages and this advantages.
I also present some applications of FRC all over the world.
Finally, I hope you enjoy that!
Errata: Let's Begin in second slide
This presentation gives a brief introduction on FRC's history, definition and why is it used. Types of FRC's and it's applications is explained in detail in later stages.Also, it covers various properties that affects FRC and a Case study in end.
Hello readers,
In this presentation, I am sharing Fiber Reinforced Concrete.
The following parameters are discussed in the presentation:
History.
Why Fibers are used?
Type of fibers.
Mechanical properties of FRC.
Factors affecting properties of FRC.
Advantages and Disadvantages of FRC.
Applications of FRC.
Fibers are usually used in concrete to control cracking due to plastic shrinkage and to drying shrinkage. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce bleeding of water. Some types of fibers produce greater impact–, abrasion–, and shatter–resistance in concrete. Generally fibers do not increase the flexural strength of concrete, and so cannot replace moment–resisting or structural steel reinforcement. Indeed, some fibers actually reduce the strength of concrete.
The amount of fibers added to a concrete mix is expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the composite (concrete and fibers), termed "volume fraction" (Vf). Vf typically ranges from 0.1 to 3%. The aspect ratio (l/d) is calculated by dividing fiber length (l) by its diameter (d). Fibers with a non-circular cross section use an equivalent diameter for the calculation of aspect ratio. If the fiber's modulus of elasticity is higher than the matrix (concrete or mortar binder), they help to carry the load by increasing the tensile strength of the material. Increasing the aspect ratio of the fiber usually segments the flexural strength and toughness of the matrix. However, fibers that are too long tend to "ball" in the mix and create workability problems.
Some recent research[where?] indicated that using fibers in concrete has limited effect on the impact resistance of the materials.[1][2] This finding is very important since traditionally, people think that ductility increases when concrete is reinforced with fibers. The results also indicated that the use of micro fibers offers better impact resistance to that of longer fibers.[1]
The High Speed 1 tunnel linings incorporated concrete containing 1 kg/m³ of polypropylene fibers, of diameter 18 & 32 μm, giving the benefits noted below.
Introduction
Benefits of FRC
Toughening Mechanism
Factor affecting the properties of FRC
Comparison of Mix Proportion of FRC and Plain Concrete
Type of fibres
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)
Structural behaviour & Durability of SFRC
Problems with SFRC
Application Of FRC
Conclusion
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF GLASS FIBRE CONCRETEIjripublishers Ijri
Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete is recent introduction in the field of concrete technology. The present day world is
witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult Civil Engineering Structures. Concrete being the most
important and widely used material is called upon to possess very high strength and sufficient workability properties.
Concrete the most widely used construction material has several desirable properties like high compressive strength,
stiffness, durability under usual environmental factors. At the same time concrete is brittle and weak in tension. Efforts
are being made in the field of concrete technology to develop high performance concretes by using fibres and other admixtures
in concrete up to certain proportions. To improve the concrete properties, the system was named alkali resistance
glass fibre reinforced concrete in the present view the alkali resistance glass fibre has been used. In the present
experimental investigation the alkali resistance Glass Fibres has been used to study the effect on compressive strength
on M30 grades of concrete.
Steel fibers for reinforced concrete kasturi metalKasturi Metal
Introduction on Steel and PP Fibers and Fiber reinforced Concrete Concept. Clear information on how fiber reinforced concrete can act as a super crack resistor and make brittle concrete more ductile.
Kasturi Metal Composites P Ltd , India is the largest manufacturer of fibers for concrete reinforcement in India. Its Brand Duraflex™ Steel Fibers – Glued and Loose, and Durocrete™ Macro and Micro Polypropylene Fibers is the most preferred brand in India for various national and International Projects.
Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity.
It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented.
Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers – each of which lend varying properties to the concrete.
Glass Fibre Concrete: Investigation on Strength and Fire Resistant PropertiesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Over the decades, there has been a significant increase in the use of fibres in concrete for improving
its properties such as tensile strength and ductility. The fibre concrete is also used in retrofitting existing
concrete structures. Among many different types of fibres available today, glass fibre is a recent introduction in
the field of concrete technology. Glass fibre has the advantages of having higher tensile strength and fire
resistant properties, thus reducing the loss of damage during fire accident of concrete structures. In this
investigation glass fibres of 450 mm length are added to the concrete by volume fraction of up to 1% to
determine its strength and fire resistant characteristics. Comparison of the strength and fire-resistance
performance of conventional concrete and glass fibre concrete was made. The paper presents the details of the
experimental investigations and the conclusions drawn there from
Optimization of percentages of steel and glass fiber reinforced concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Cementitious matrices are the fragile materials that possess a low tensile strength. The addition of fibers randomly distributed in these matrices improves their resistance to cracking, substantially. However, the incorporation of fibers into a plain concrete disrupts the granular skeleton and quickly causes problems of mixing as a result of the loss of mixture workability that will be translated into a difficult concrete casting in site. This study was concerned on the one hand with optimizing the fibers reinforced concrete mixes in the fresh state, and on the other hand with assessing the mechanical behaviour of this mixture in the hardened state, in order to establish a compromise between the two states . In this paper optimization of fibers by using different percentages in steel and glass fiber reinforced concrete of grade M 70 have been studied. It optimizes 1.5% for steel Fiber content and 1% for glass fiber content by the volume of cement is used in concrete. Keywords: fibers, fragile materials, cracking, substantially
AN INVESTIGATION ON GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE USING ECO SANDVikaas Balaji
WE HAVE FOUND THAT BY ADDING 2% AND 4% OF GLASS FIBRE IN CONCRETE MIX AND INSTEAD OF RIVER SAND AND M-SAND WE HAVE USED ECO SAND TO ACHIEVE STRENGTH IN CONCRETE IN RESPECTIVE DAYS (7 AND 28 DAYS)
Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beam under Cyclic LoadingIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper describes the influence of steel fibre distribution on the ultimate strength of concrete
beams. An experimental & analytical investigation of the behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with
conventional steel bars and steel fibres under cyclic loading is presented. It is now well established that one of
the important properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is its superior resistance to cracking and
crack propagation. As a result of this ability to arrest cracks, fibre composites possess increased extensibility
and tensile strength, both at first crack and at ultimate load and the fibres are able to hold the matrix together
even after extensive cracking. The net result of all these is to impart to the fibre composite pronounced post –
cracking ductility which is unheard of in ordinary concrete. The transformation from a brittle to a ductile type
of material would increase substantially the energy absorption characteristics of the fibre composite and its
ability to withstand repeatedly applied, shock or impact loading. Tests on conventionally reinforced concrete
beam specimens, containing steel fibres in different proportions, have been conducted to establish loaddeflection
curves. It was observed that SFRC beams showed enhanced properties compared to that of RC beams
with steel fibres. The experimental investigations are validated with the analytical studies carried out by finite
element models using ANSYS.
Keywords: Steel fiber, concrete, properties, crack, ductility, technology.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COIR FIBRE REINFORCED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE ...IAEME Publication
Objective: To investigate the behavior of coir fiber as reinforcement in geopolymer concrete. Analysis: Low-calcium fly ash is used as the production of geopolymer concrete. Before using in concrete coir fiber is treated with latex adhesive solution. Coir fiber of length 25mm with various percentages i.e.., 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 3% are used. The combination of Na2SiO3 solution &NaOH result was used for fly ash activation. Binding agent to fly ash ratio was 0.45.The molarity used was 12M (Molars). Ambient curing is followed for this work. Findings: The various strength parameters were tested at various ages i.e.., 7, 14 and 28 days. Applications: Coir fiber which is acting as reinforcement added to resist the micro cracks. So this can be applicable where the requirement to resist the micro cracks.
An overview of emerging trends in construction technologiessabnisajit
Awareness in respect of Emerging Trends in Construction technology play a vital role in mitigating impacts of built environment on natural environment. Use of alternative materials and technologies impel towards sustainable development. This is an effort to bridge the gap between Industry and academia.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF GLASS FIBRE CONCRETEIjripublishers Ijri
Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete is recent introduction in the field of concrete technology. The present day world is
witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult Civil Engineering Structures. Concrete being the most
important and widely used material is called upon to possess very high strength and sufficient workability properties.
Concrete the most widely used construction material has several desirable properties like high compressive strength,
stiffness, durability under usual environmental factors. At the same time concrete is brittle and weak in tension. Efforts
are being made in the field of concrete technology to develop high performance concretes by using fibres and other admixtures
in concrete up to certain proportions. To improve the concrete properties, the system was named alkali resistance
glass fibre reinforced concrete in the present view the alkali resistance glass fibre has been used. In the present
experimental investigation the alkali resistance Glass Fibres has been used to study the effect on compressive strength
on M30 grades of concrete.
Steel fibers for reinforced concrete kasturi metalKasturi Metal
Introduction on Steel and PP Fibers and Fiber reinforced Concrete Concept. Clear information on how fiber reinforced concrete can act as a super crack resistor and make brittle concrete more ductile.
Kasturi Metal Composites P Ltd , India is the largest manufacturer of fibers for concrete reinforcement in India. Its Brand Duraflex™ Steel Fibers – Glued and Loose, and Durocrete™ Macro and Micro Polypropylene Fibers is the most preferred brand in India for various national and International Projects.
Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity.
It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented.
Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers – each of which lend varying properties to the concrete.
Glass Fibre Concrete: Investigation on Strength and Fire Resistant PropertiesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Over the decades, there has been a significant increase in the use of fibres in concrete for improving
its properties such as tensile strength and ductility. The fibre concrete is also used in retrofitting existing
concrete structures. Among many different types of fibres available today, glass fibre is a recent introduction in
the field of concrete technology. Glass fibre has the advantages of having higher tensile strength and fire
resistant properties, thus reducing the loss of damage during fire accident of concrete structures. In this
investigation glass fibres of 450 mm length are added to the concrete by volume fraction of up to 1% to
determine its strength and fire resistant characteristics. Comparison of the strength and fire-resistance
performance of conventional concrete and glass fibre concrete was made. The paper presents the details of the
experimental investigations and the conclusions drawn there from
Optimization of percentages of steel and glass fiber reinforced concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Cementitious matrices are the fragile materials that possess a low tensile strength. The addition of fibers randomly distributed in these matrices improves their resistance to cracking, substantially. However, the incorporation of fibers into a plain concrete disrupts the granular skeleton and quickly causes problems of mixing as a result of the loss of mixture workability that will be translated into a difficult concrete casting in site. This study was concerned on the one hand with optimizing the fibers reinforced concrete mixes in the fresh state, and on the other hand with assessing the mechanical behaviour of this mixture in the hardened state, in order to establish a compromise between the two states . In this paper optimization of fibers by using different percentages in steel and glass fiber reinforced concrete of grade M 70 have been studied. It optimizes 1.5% for steel Fiber content and 1% for glass fiber content by the volume of cement is used in concrete. Keywords: fibers, fragile materials, cracking, substantially
AN INVESTIGATION ON GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE USING ECO SANDVikaas Balaji
WE HAVE FOUND THAT BY ADDING 2% AND 4% OF GLASS FIBRE IN CONCRETE MIX AND INSTEAD OF RIVER SAND AND M-SAND WE HAVE USED ECO SAND TO ACHIEVE STRENGTH IN CONCRETE IN RESPECTIVE DAYS (7 AND 28 DAYS)
Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beam under Cyclic LoadingIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper describes the influence of steel fibre distribution on the ultimate strength of concrete
beams. An experimental & analytical investigation of the behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with
conventional steel bars and steel fibres under cyclic loading is presented. It is now well established that one of
the important properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is its superior resistance to cracking and
crack propagation. As a result of this ability to arrest cracks, fibre composites possess increased extensibility
and tensile strength, both at first crack and at ultimate load and the fibres are able to hold the matrix together
even after extensive cracking. The net result of all these is to impart to the fibre composite pronounced post –
cracking ductility which is unheard of in ordinary concrete. The transformation from a brittle to a ductile type
of material would increase substantially the energy absorption characteristics of the fibre composite and its
ability to withstand repeatedly applied, shock or impact loading. Tests on conventionally reinforced concrete
beam specimens, containing steel fibres in different proportions, have been conducted to establish loaddeflection
curves. It was observed that SFRC beams showed enhanced properties compared to that of RC beams
with steel fibres. The experimental investigations are validated with the analytical studies carried out by finite
element models using ANSYS.
Keywords: Steel fiber, concrete, properties, crack, ductility, technology.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COIR FIBRE REINFORCED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE ...IAEME Publication
Objective: To investigate the behavior of coir fiber as reinforcement in geopolymer concrete. Analysis: Low-calcium fly ash is used as the production of geopolymer concrete. Before using in concrete coir fiber is treated with latex adhesive solution. Coir fiber of length 25mm with various percentages i.e.., 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 3% are used. The combination of Na2SiO3 solution &NaOH result was used for fly ash activation. Binding agent to fly ash ratio was 0.45.The molarity used was 12M (Molars). Ambient curing is followed for this work. Findings: The various strength parameters were tested at various ages i.e.., 7, 14 and 28 days. Applications: Coir fiber which is acting as reinforcement added to resist the micro cracks. So this can be applicable where the requirement to resist the micro cracks.
An overview of emerging trends in construction technologiessabnisajit
Awareness in respect of Emerging Trends in Construction technology play a vital role in mitigating impacts of built environment on natural environment. Use of alternative materials and technologies impel towards sustainable development. This is an effort to bridge the gap between Industry and academia.
For normal structures we use concrete to build it. But as concrete is a brittle material and it has almost no ductility, it fails in massive load or shock. For giving some ductility to concrete and to fill up the internal micro cracks in concrete we use several fibers. Then the total concrete works as a composite material. Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete is a composite material having cement, aggregate, and steel fibers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EFFECT OF CARBON LAMINATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE STRUCTURESIAEME Publication
This work consists of preparation and testing of different structural model like cubes, Beams and Columns. They are tested for Compression test, Flexural test and Split tensile Test. The comparison between Laminated and un-laminated Structural Models was made in order to know how much strength gain after testing of these structural models, so by which the rehabilitation of any structure can be done without demolishing it with less weight to strength ratio.
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composites Rebar Steven Tyler
Mission - Promote the use and growth of FRP reinforcement (rebar, tendons & grids) in concrete and masonry applications through development of quality procedures, industry specifications, performance standards, and field application guidelines.
http://www.bpcomposites.com/
Experimental Study of Behavior of RCC Beam by Replacing Steel Bars with Glass...AM Publications
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures are usually reinforced with steel bars which are
subjected to corrosion at critical temperatures and atmospheric conditions. Also the cost of steel reinforcement plays a
significant role in any RCC construction. The rising prices of steel and their unavailability throughout the year have
brought the contractors and engineers into a great trouble. The RCC structures can also be reinforced with other
materials such as fibres specifically Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Carbon Reinforced Fibre Polymer (GFRP).
This paper deals with the study of RCC beams when reinforced with the Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) as a
replacement of steel reinforcement and studying the behavior of beam under flexure. The GFRP as an internal
reinforcement has proved to be of great interest not only in India but worldwide.
Strengthening Of Beams for flexure Using FRPReham fawzy
Introduction : ( What is FRP ? ) .
Fiber Material Behavior .
FRP STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS .
Analysis and design .
Application requirements for repair and strengthening works .
Comparing Flexural performance of FRP and RC beamsAbdul Rameez
The presentation gives a brief overview of fiber reinforced polymer its advantages, history of its usage in buildings and bridges and finally proposes a composite hybrid beam design of FRP and Concrete. A link is embedded in the last page of the slide that allows you download a excel sheet that calculates and compares the flexural performance of RC and proposed hybrid beam for user given input beam dimensions.
Axial Capacity Enhancement of CFRP Confined Columns Made of Steel Fiber Reinf...IOSRJMCE
Results of the experimental study on the axial compressive behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) have been presented in this paper. A total of 18 concrete cylinders were tested under axial compression. The effects of steel fiber parameters were investigated which includes fiber aspect ratio (AR) and fiber volume fraction (VF). The concrete cylinders were divided into groups of confined and unconfined ones. In accordance with previous study, it was found that, FRP confined cylinders showed greater axial stress than that of unconfined specimens. Although the presence of steel fiber increases the peak axial stresses for both confined and unconfined group of specimens, but no significant change of peak axial stress (and peak strain) has been observed in both confined and unconfined group due to increase of fiber volume ratio. But with the increase of fiber aspect ratio, the peak axial stresses of both unconfined and FRPconfined cylinders were found to slightly decrease. It was also observed that, concrete specimens reinforced with internal steel fiber absorbed much higher energy than that of unreinforced ones.
Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Beams using CFRP and GFRPijtsrd
Concrete, steel and masonry materials are the common materials used for housing, office buildings, bridges, power plant structures and these structures are being deteriorated with age. The deterioration of the structures is due to the design deficiency, materials deficiency, poor workmanship and extreme loads. Most of the investigation reports on strengthening of damaged RC structures are based on patch repairing and using FRP sheets for flexural, shear and compressive strengthening of members. This research work is mainly focused on retrofitting of RC beams using GFRP and CFRP sheets. In this study the flexural behaviour of M 20, 40and M60grade RC beams retrofitted with single, double and triple layers of GFRP sheets is done and all the beams are analysed using ANSYS modelling and compare with the experimental results. From the presence study, it is derived that strengthening of RC beams with GFRP and CFRP sheets can enhance the load carrying capacity of beams and at the same time deflections up to yield stage of loading is increased and further the deflections are reduced up to ultimate stage of loading. The RC beams strengthened with GFRP and CFRP sheets show a marked reduction in crack width at all stages of loading and substantial delay in the formation of first crack. Satrughan Singh | Puspendra Kushwaha "Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Beams using CFRP and GFRP" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52006.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/52006/reinforcement-of-reinforced-concrete-beams-using-cfrp-and-gfrp/satrughan-singh
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. History
Lab.Design: In 1889, George W.
Bartholomew proposed the first concrete
pavement to city officials of Bellefontaine,
Ohio.
3. History Cont’d
Lab. Design
Practical: After 2 years, completed in
1891, in 1893 Court avenue and Opera St.,
1894 William T.G. Synder 1st American
concrete contractor.
11. FRC types
SFRC(Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete)
Conventional fibers
High Strength
High modulus of elasticity
Resistance from corrosion in alkaline env.
Their bond to matrix can be improved by
mechanical anchorage.
12. FRC types
SFRC(Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete)
Conventional fibers
High Strength
High modulus of elasticity
Resistance from corrosion in alkaline env.
Their bond to matrix can be improved by
mechanical /anchorage.
13. FRC types
SFRC(Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete)
Conventional fibers
High Strength
High modulus of elasticity
Resistance from corrosion in alkaline env.
Their bond to matrix can be improved by
mechanical anchorage.
Mixing methods:
Adding fibers to truck mixer
Adding fibers to aggregate stream
Adding fibers on top of aggregates
14. FRC types
SFRC(Steel
Fiber Reinforced Concrete)
GFRC(Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete)
Spray-up process
Premix process
25. References
American Concrete Pavement Association [Online], Number 4.10, November 2003,
Available: http://www.acpa.org/Downloads/RT/RT4.10.pdf
American Concrete Pavement Association [Online], Saturday, January 21, 2012, Available:
http://www.acpa.org/Concrete_Pavement/About_Concrete/100_Years_of_Innovation/index.asp
State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete [Online], Reported by ACI committee
544, ACI 544.1R-96, Reapproved 2002, Available:
http://civilwares.free.fr/ACI/MCP04/5441r_96.pdf
Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Airfield Rigid Pavements [Online], J.R. Roesler, University of
Illinois, Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 10/25/04, Available:
http://ceat.uiuc.edu/PUBLICATIONS/technotes/TN3%20-%20Fiber%20Reinforced%20Concrete.pdf
Fibers in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements [Online], Authors: Kevin J. Folliard –
David P. Whitney – David Sutfin and Rian Turner, March 2006, University of Texas at Austin,
Available: http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/0_4392_S.pdf
Experimental investigation on repair of RC pavements with SFRC [Online], G. Boscato & S.
Russo, University Iuav of Venice - Venice - Italy, ISBN 978-0-415-46850-3, Available:
http://dicata.ing.unibs.it/plizzari/CD/Pdf/181.pdf
Research on Steel fiber reinforced Concrete Pavement for RTHOTROPIC Steel deck as a
countermeasure for fatigue [Online], Jun Murakoshi – Noaki Yanadori and Hironori Ishii,
Available: http://www.pwri.go.jp/eng/ujnr/tc/g/pdf/23/23-6-4yanadori.pdf
Fiber reinforced concrete [Online], N. Banthia, University of British Colombia, Available:
http://www.watancon.com/documentation/technical/Banthia_-_Fibre-
Reinforced_Concrete.pdf
Prediction of Compressive Strength of Composite Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) using
Artificial Neural Network [Online], Razi university, Kermanshah, Iran, Available:
http://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB13791.pdf