SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 7
Post R et al. Dietary Fiber for the
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
A Meta-Analysis
J Am Board Fam Med 2011; 25:16-23
http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 1
Page 2
Pronutritionist’s background
• High intake of fiber is linked to improved cardiovascular outcomes in
prospective cohort trials (Mente et al. 2009)
• Current dietary guidelines emphasize the role of dietary fiber in the
treatment of type diabetes (American diabetes association, 2008)
• Exact magnitude of the effect of increased fiber intake, in the context of
stable carbohydrate, fat and protein intake, is not known
http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 2 Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
Methods (patients)
• A metal-analysis of controlled randomized trials
• Primary outcomes:
– Fasting glucose
– HbA1c
• Participants: Type 2 diabetics
• 15 trials included
• On average, observed difference in fiber intake was 18,3 grams/day
(40 grams per day)
• Follow up: 3-12 weeks
• Some trials used fiber supplements, some changed quality of bread or
cereals
• Both trials using soluble and in-soluble fiber were used
http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 3 Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
Results
http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 4
0,85
mmol/l
0,26
%
Fasting blood glucose HbA1c
Effect of increased fiber intake (18,3 g/d) vs placebo in T2D
Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
Pronutritionist’s discussion
• This is the first meta-analysis to show the effect of increased fiber intake
in the control of type 2 diabetes in randomized setting
• The trials included were short. None of trials lasted more than 3 months.
More long term data is needed
• The meta-analysis supports the benefits of proposed high fiber intake in
the current diabetes guidelines
• If a diabetic patient is not able to increase use of vegetables, fruit and
whole grain, supplementation of fiber is justified according to this meta-
analysis
• It will be interesting to see if novel approaches to control blood glucose
will deliver similar effects, such as meal-time or bed-time vinegar intake
(Liatis et al. 2010)
http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 5 Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
Please read the whole paper at
J Am Board Fam Med 2011;
25:16-23
http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 6
12/05/14
http://twitter.com/pronutritionist
http://www.facebook.com/pronutritionist
http://www.pronutritionist.net
Reijo Laatikainen, Authorized Nutritionist, MBA,
Dietitian
http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 7
Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5

More Related Content

More from Reijo Laatikainen

Paasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptx
Paasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptxPaasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptx
Paasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptxReijo Laatikainen
 
Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...
Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...
Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...Reijo Laatikainen
 
Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto
Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto
Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto Reijo Laatikainen
 
Kihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravinto
Kihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravintoKihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravinto
Kihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravintoReijo Laatikainen
 
Hullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussa
Hullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussaHullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussa
Hullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussaReijo Laatikainen
 
Maitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaan
Maitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaanMaitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaan
Maitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaanReijo Laatikainen
 
Has fat intake truly decreased in us
Has fat intake truly decreased in usHas fat intake truly decreased in us
Has fat intake truly decreased in usReijo Laatikainen
 
Ruokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissa
Ruokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissaRuokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissa
Ruokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissaReijo Laatikainen
 
Terveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaan
Terveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaanTerveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaan
Terveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaanReijo Laatikainen
 
Proteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudet
Proteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudetProteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudet
Proteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudetReijo Laatikainen
 
Suomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutus
Suomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutusSuomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutus
Suomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutusReijo Laatikainen
 
Sokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissa
Sokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissaSokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissa
Sokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissaReijo Laatikainen
 
Hedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailu
Hedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailuHedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailu
Hedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailuReijo Laatikainen
 
Hiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailu
Hiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailuHiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailu
Hiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailuReijo Laatikainen
 
Ravinto, verenpaine ja terveys
Ravinto, verenpaine ja terveysRavinto, verenpaine ja terveys
Ravinto, verenpaine ja terveysReijo Laatikainen
 

More from Reijo Laatikainen (20)

Paasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptx
Paasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptxPaasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptx
Paasto lihavuuden hoidossa2.pptx
 
Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...
Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...
Ultra-processing of food. Definition, consequences for health and emerging cr...
 
Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto
Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto
Kauratuotteiden ravintosisalto
 
Planetaarinen ruokavalio
Planetaarinen ruokavalioPlanetaarinen ruokavalio
Planetaarinen ruokavalio
 
Body weight planner
Body weight plannerBody weight planner
Body weight planner
 
Kihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravinto
Kihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravintoKihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravinto
Kihti, nivelrikko, nivelreuma ja ravinto
 
Hullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussa
Hullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussaHullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussa
Hullua menoa ravintotutkimuksessa ja -keskustelussa
 
Maitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaan
Maitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaanMaitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaan
Maitotuotteet ja terveys laajan tutkimusnäytön mukaan
 
Protein sources and health
Protein sources and healthProtein sources and health
Protein sources and health
 
Has fat intake truly decreased in us
Has fat intake truly decreased in usHas fat intake truly decreased in us
Has fat intake truly decreased in us
 
Ruokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissa
Ruokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissaRuokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissa
Ruokavalio tulehduksellisissa suolistosairauksissa
 
Gluteeni kummittelee
Gluteeni kummitteleeGluteeni kummittelee
Gluteeni kummittelee
 
Terveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaan
Terveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaanTerveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaan
Terveelliset ruuat 304 katsauksen mukaan
 
Proteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudet
Proteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudetProteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudet
Proteiinipitoiset ruuat ja vakavat sairaudet
 
Suomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutus
Suomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutusSuomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutus
Suomalaisten energiaravintoaineiden ja ruokien kulutus
 
Sokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissa
Sokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissaSokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissa
Sokerin kulutus suomessa ja yhdysvalloissa
 
Kasvisten ravintovertailu
Kasvisten ravintovertailuKasvisten ravintovertailu
Kasvisten ravintovertailu
 
Hedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailu
Hedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailuHedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailu
Hedelmien ja marjojen ravintovertailu
 
Hiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailu
Hiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailuHiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailu
Hiilihydraattien ravintosisältövertailu
 
Ravinto, verenpaine ja terveys
Ravinto, verenpaine ja terveysRavinto, verenpaine ja terveys
Ravinto, verenpaine ja terveys
 

Recently uploaded

CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUEL
CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS  by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUELCONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS  by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUEL
CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUELMKARTHIKEMMANUEL
 
Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)
Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)
Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)Anjali Parmar
 
Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...
Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...
Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...Health Kinesiology Natural Bioenergetics
 
Evidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapy
Evidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapyEvidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapy
Evidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapyNehaa Dubey
 
Gallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالة
Gallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report  المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالةGallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report  المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالة
Gallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالةMohamad محمد Al-Gailani الكيلاني
 
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptx
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptxSURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptx
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptxSuresh Kumar K
 
Hemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.GawadHemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.GawadNephroTube - Dr.Gawad
 
Cas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best suppler
Cas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best supplerCas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best suppler
Cas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best supplerSherrylee83
 
THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1
THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1
THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1DR SETH JOTHAM
 
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptx
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptxIs Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptx
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptxSamar Tharwat
 
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptx
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptxPREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptx
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptxPupayumnam1
 
Mgr university bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answers
Mgr university  bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answersMgr university  bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answers
Mgr university bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answersShafnaP5
 
Cardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the Heart
Cardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the HeartCardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the Heart
Cardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the HeartMedicoseAcademics
 
Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)
Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)
Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)Cancer Institute NSW
 
World Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 ppt
World Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 pptWorld Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 ppt
World Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 pptdesktoppc
 
TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...
TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...
TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...marcuskenyatta275
 
Factors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric Dentistry
Factors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric DentistryFactors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric Dentistry
Factors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric DentistryDr Simran Deepak Vangani
 
TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...
TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...
TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...marcuskenyatta275
 

Recently uploaded (20)

CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUEL
CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS  by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUELCONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS  by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUEL
CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS by Dr M.KARTHIK EMMANUEL
 
Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)
Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)
Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)
 
Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...
Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...
Unlocking Holistic Wellness: Addressing Depression, Mental Well-Being, and St...
 
Evidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapy
Evidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapyEvidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapy
Evidence-based practiceEBP) in physiotherapy
 
Gallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالة
Gallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report  المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالةGallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report  المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالة
Gallbladder Double-Diverticular: A Case Report المرارة مزدوجة التج: تقرير حالة
 
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptx
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptxSURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptx
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY.pptx
 
Hemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.GawadHemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 2, Extracorporeal Blood Circuit - Dr.Gawad
 
Cas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best suppler
Cas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best supplerCas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best suppler
Cas 28578-16-7 PMK ethyl glycidate ( new PMK powder) best suppler
 
THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1
THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1
THORACOTOMY . SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES VOL 1
 
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptx
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptxIs Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptx
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Metabolic Disorder.pptx
 
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptx
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptxPREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptx
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION FON II .pptx
 
HyperIgE syndrome: primary immune deficiency.pdf
HyperIgE syndrome: primary immune deficiency.pdfHyperIgE syndrome: primary immune deficiency.pdf
HyperIgE syndrome: primary immune deficiency.pdf
 
Mgr university bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answers
Mgr university  bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answersMgr university  bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answers
Mgr university bsc nursing adult health previous question paper with answers
 
Cardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the Heart
Cardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the HeartCardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the Heart
Cardiac Impulse: Rhythmical Excitation and Conduction in the Heart
 
Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)
Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)
Cervical screening – taking care of your health flipchart (Vietnamese)
 
World Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 ppt
World Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 pptWorld Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 ppt
World Hypertension Day 17th may 2024 ppt
 
TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...
TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...
TEST BANK for The Nursing Assistant Acute, Subacute, and Long-Term Care, 6th ...
 
Scleroderma: Treatment Options and a Look to the Future - Dr. Macklin
Scleroderma: Treatment Options and a Look to the Future - Dr. MacklinScleroderma: Treatment Options and a Look to the Future - Dr. Macklin
Scleroderma: Treatment Options and a Look to the Future - Dr. Macklin
 
Factors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric Dentistry
Factors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric DentistryFactors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric Dentistry
Factors Affecting child behavior in Pediatric Dentistry
 
TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...
TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...
TEST BANK For Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition by ...
 

Fiber and glycemia in type 2 diabetes

  • 1. Post R et al. Dietary Fiber for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis J Am Board Fam Med 2011; 25:16-23 http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 1
  • 2. Page 2 Pronutritionist’s background • High intake of fiber is linked to improved cardiovascular outcomes in prospective cohort trials (Mente et al. 2009) • Current dietary guidelines emphasize the role of dietary fiber in the treatment of type diabetes (American diabetes association, 2008) • Exact magnitude of the effect of increased fiber intake, in the context of stable carbohydrate, fat and protein intake, is not known http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 2 Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
  • 3. Methods (patients) • A metal-analysis of controlled randomized trials • Primary outcomes: – Fasting glucose – HbA1c • Participants: Type 2 diabetics • 15 trials included • On average, observed difference in fiber intake was 18,3 grams/day (40 grams per day) • Follow up: 3-12 weeks • Some trials used fiber supplements, some changed quality of bread or cereals • Both trials using soluble and in-soluble fiber were used http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 3 Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
  • 4. Results http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 4 0,85 mmol/l 0,26 % Fasting blood glucose HbA1c Effect of increased fiber intake (18,3 g/d) vs placebo in T2D Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
  • 5. Pronutritionist’s discussion • This is the first meta-analysis to show the effect of increased fiber intake in the control of type 2 diabetes in randomized setting • The trials included were short. None of trials lasted more than 3 months. More long term data is needed • The meta-analysis supports the benefits of proposed high fiber intake in the current diabetes guidelines • If a diabetic patient is not able to increase use of vegetables, fruit and whole grain, supplementation of fiber is justified according to this meta- analysis • It will be interesting to see if novel approaches to control blood glucose will deliver similar effects, such as meal-time or bed-time vinegar intake (Liatis et al. 2010) http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 5 Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5
  • 6. Please read the whole paper at J Am Board Fam Med 2011; 25:16-23 http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 6
  • 7. 12/05/14 http://twitter.com/pronutritionist http://www.facebook.com/pronutritionist http://www.pronutritionist.net Reijo Laatikainen, Authorized Nutritionist, MBA, Dietitian http://twitter.com/pronutritionistPage 7 Post R et al. J Nutr. 2011 Dec;141(12):2180-5