Civil War Part 4

1. Chapter 11 Part 4

2. Progress of the War 1861-1865

3. Richmond
• Richmond fell April 2, 1865
– Confederate government collapsed
• Davis and most of his cabinet, fled south
by train.
– intended to reestablish a seat of
government west of the MS River
• Davis' captured in Georgia, on May 10

4. Sherman’s March to the Sea

5. Sherman

7. Sherman’s March to the Sea
• 62-day campaign
• 62,000-Union force cut a path
• Army lived off the land, sacking the
homes and plantations

8. Sherman’s March to the Sea
• August 1864
• Surrounded Atlanta and destroyed rail
lines
– “Sherman neckties”
• “I could cut a swath to the sea, and divide
the Confederacy in two.”

10. Sherman’s March to the Sea
• 60-mile-wide path through Georgia
– tearing up railroads,
– firing factories,
– destroying bridges,
– burning plantations,
– seizing livestock
– freeing slaves.

14. Sherman’s March to the Sea
• “The truth is, the
whole army is
burning with an
insatiable desire to
wreak vengeance
upon South
Carolina.”

15. Sherman’s March to the Sea
• The destruction in South Carolina was even
worse than it had been in Georgia.
• Objective
– cut the Confederacy in two
– cripple Southern industrial capacity
– destroy the railroad system
– compel an early Confederate surrender
– "make Georgia howl.“
• The first commander to deliberately strike at the
enemy's infrastructure.

19. Sherman’s March to the Sea
• “…all is gloom, despondency, and inactivity,
our army is demoralized and the people panic
stricken…”

20. Presidential Election of 1864
• One of the most important in American
history.
• Took place in the Union states during a
bloody civil war
– no precedent

21. Presidential Election of 1864
• Determined crucial questions about the
direction of the war, the government, and
the society:
– Should the war be sustained or a
settlement sought?
– What role would blacks play in the war
and in a post-war society?

22. Presidential Election of 1864

23. Presidential Election of 1864

24. The Campaign
• McClellan
– Rejected the peace plank of the party
platform
– Vowed to prosecute the war with more
skill and vigor

25. The Campaign
• The Republican campaign
– “Don’t swap horses in the middle of the
stream.”
– Opposition to Lincoln and the
Republicans was disloyal to the Union

26. “Compromise with the South,”

27. Democrats
• Energized by poor Union war effort
• Lincoln’s key policies unpopular:
– emancipation,
– the military draft
– the use of black troops
– violations of civil liberties

28. Democrats
• Democrats played the race card
– Republicans were upending traditional
race relations and advocating
“miscegenation”—racially-mixed
marriages

29. Presidential Election of 1864

31. The 13th Amendment
• "Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude...shall exist within the United
States."
• Formally abolishing slavery in the United
States,
• Ratified December 6, 1865

33. Surrender

34. Surrender
• "There is nothing left
me to do but to go
and see General
Grant, and I would
rather die a thousand
deaths."

35. Articles of Surrender
• Grant wrote the
surrender terms
himself
• Lee ordered his
aide to write a
letter of
acceptance.

36. Surrender
• “I have done for you
all that it was in my
power to do. You
have done all your
duty. Leave the
result to God. Go to
your homes and
resume your
occupations. Obey
the laws and become
as good citizens as
you were soldiers”

37. Surrender
• Lee's army could return home in safety
– pledge to end the fighting
– deliver their arms to the Union Army.
• April 12, 1865
– infantry of Lee's army surrendered their arms
folded their battle flags
– received their parole papers, guaranteeing
safe passage home.

38. Parole of
Confederate Gen.
Robert E. Lee and
six of his staff
officers, April 9,
1865

40. Casualties

42. Ford’s Theater

43. John Wilkes Booth
"Sic Semper Tyrannis"
(Latin for "As Always to Tyrants")

44. Assassination

45. Assassination
• Bullet had entered through Lincoln's left ear and
lodged behind his right eye.
– He was paralyzed and barely breathing
• Carried to a boarding-house opposite the
theater.
– Nine hours later Lincoln died.
• At least four conspirators
– Booth was shot and captured while hiding in a barn
– Four co-conspirators were hanged

47. Conspirators hanged

48. Andrew Johnson