Civil war Part One

1. Civil War 10-11
The Civil War
(1861-1865)

2. Civil War 08-09
Section 1 Overview
• Compares the North's and South's
advantages and disadvantages at the start
of the War.

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Events leading to the Secession
Sectional Issues
– Missouri Compromise 1820
– Gag Rule of 1836
– Land from the Mexican War
•Wilmot Proviso
– Compromise of 1850
– Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
– Dred Scott Decision 1857
– John Brown et al.

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Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as president of the United States on March 20, 1861. It
depicts a drunken President-elect Lincoln, inappropriately wisecracking with his cronies,
while the funeral procession for the Union and the Constitution pass in the background.

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Immediate Causes
• Failure of Compromise
• Active Secessionists

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The Process of Secession

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Comparison
Union Advantages
– Population
– Industrial
Capacity
– Superior
Transportation
– Military Forces
Confederate
Advantages
– Emotional edge
– Better officers
and soldiers

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Southern Disadvantages
– No major facilities to make gunpowder
– Limited distribution of food

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Confederate Powder Works
• Augusta, GA
• The only permanent
structure built by the
CSA
• 1862-1865
• Produced about 7,000
pounds of gunpowder
per day
• (2,750,000 pounds total)

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Financing the War
• North controlled the national treasury
– Major withdraws for the northern banks
• Legal Tender Act 1862
– Created a national currency
– Allowed the government to issue paper
money
•greenbacks

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16. Civil War 19-20
Financing the War
•Confederacy
– Few cash reserves
– Tax trade – blocked – direct tax
– Printing money leads to inflation

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war bonds

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Financing the War

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Party Politics
• Division with the Republicans
– Abolish Slavery vs. preserving the Union
• Northern Democrats
– War Democrats
•Supportive of military efforts to maintain the
Union
– Peace Democrats (Copperheads)
•Military means were not justified.

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Copper pennies bearing the head of
the goddess Liberty.

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Copperheads

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24. Conscription
• Was no general
military draft in
America until the
Civil War.
• A way to sustain an
effective army
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25. Conscription
• Considered an
infringement on
personal liberty
• Volunteer soldiers
despised conscripts,
undercut morale
• NYC Draft riots
(1863)
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Southern Government
• States rights vs. limited central power

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Alexander StevensJefferson Davis
Southern Government

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Confederate White House

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Confederate White House

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Diplomatic Challenges
Union
• No European
intervention
• No recognition of the
confederacy
• Respect the blockade
Confederacy
• Wanted recognition
from Eng
• Europe to declare the
blockade illegal
• Help in the struggle

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First Modern War
• Involved huge armies of volunteers
needing lots of supplies
• Officers fought in the Mexican War

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Bullets

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Confederate fortifications

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Fortifications

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Fortifications

36. Civil War 19-20
Southern Strategy
• Avoid large battles
• Defensive war of attrition
– a strategy of winning by not losing
– wearing out a better equipped foe
– compelling him to give up by prolonging the
war and making it too costly.

37. Civil War 19-20
Union Anaconda Strategy
• Winfield Scott

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39. Civil War 19-20
Union Anaconda Strategy
• Blockade Southern ports
on the Atlantic
• Isolate the Confederacy
from European aid and
trade
• Cut off flow of supplies,
money, food and cotton
• Exhaust Southern
resources forcing
surrender
• Control the MS with
Union gunboats
• Divide the eastern part of
the Confederacy from the
west
• Capture New Orleans,
Vicksburg and Memphis
• Cut of shipping to and
from the interior