Civil War Par Three

1. Life During
the Civil War
1861-1865

2. Wartime Economies
• The South:
– Few financial resources and little industry
– Wartime inflation
– Food shortages
– Southern morale dropped
• soldiers deserted
– Shortages led to riots, looting

4. Wartime Economies
• The North:
– Supported by banks & industries
•experienced an economic boom
•Industries supplied troops
– Innovations in industry and agriculture

7. African Americans in the
Military
•Could officially enlist after the
Emancipation Proclamation
– 1000s rushed to join
– 180,000 (9%) total served on in the
Union army
– 10-15,000 (10-12%) total served in the
navy

13. African Americans in the
Military
54th Massachusetts Regiment
• One of first Afr. Amer. regiments officially
organized
• Fought at Fort Wagner near Charleston, losing
nearly half its men
• NY Tribune said their heroism forever proved that
they could make good soldiers

14. 54th Massachusetts Regiment

16. Fort Wagner SC

17. August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

18. Veterans of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry at the
dedication of the memorial to Robert Gould Shaw and the
men of the 54th, May 31, 1897

22. 16 black soldiers were awarded the
Medal of Honor for their valor.
African Americans in the Military

23. US Medal of Honor for valor

24. Sergeant William Carney
• First African American
awarded the Medal of
Honor
• "most distinguished
gallantry in action"
• At Fort Wagner, SC
• Shot in the thigh, Carney
crawled uphill on his
knees, bearing the Union
flag and urging his troops
to follow.

25. Military Life
• Long marches
• Lack of good uniforms, shoes, blankets
• Food = shortages, tasteless: hardtack (a
hard biscuit made of wheat flour),
potatoes, beans, dried salt pork, whatever
meat/produce they could find along the
way

31. Battlefield Medicine
• Civil War resulted in a large number of
casualties, doctors struggled to tend to
the wounded

32. Battlefield Medicine
• Doctors had little understanding of
infectious germs
• Doctors used the same unsterilized tools
on multiple patients, spreading infection
quickly

33. Battlefield Medicine
• Disease killed off thousands of soldiers
since they lived in tight quarters and
shared food & water supplies
• smallpox
• typhoid
• pneumonia
• dysentary

34. Civil War Medicine

35. Civil War Medicine

36. Battlefield Medicine
• Doctors also used
extreme measures to
treat casualties
• Amputation of arms
and legs to prevent
gangrene & other
infection was
common

44. Women in the Civil War
• Managed family farms and businesses
• Served as nurses on the battlefield
• Volunteered to raise money to send
supplies to troops
• Efforts during the war helped to break
down the belief that women were
weaker than men

45. Francis Clayton Disguised as a man Frances
Clayton served many months in
Missouri artillery and cavalry
units.

47. Military Prisons
• Prisoners of war = soldiers captured by
the enemy in battle
• Early in the war, the U.S. and
Confederacy held formal prisoner
exchanges

48. Military Prisons
• After the Emancipation Proclamation
• South would either re-enslave or kill all
African American prisoners
• North stopped exchanging prisoners.

49. Military Prisons
• Struggled to take care of the growing
number of prisoners, esp. in the South
where there were extreme food shortages

52. Military Prisons
• Andersonville:
– Most famous southern prison
– Open camp with no shade or shelter
– Overcrowding, lack of food, exposure, disease
– 13,000 of the 45,000 sent there died
– Henry Wirz, the camp’s commandant, was the
only person executed for war crimes after the
war