The Civil War began in 1861 with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and lasted until 1865, involving many major battles such as Antietam, Gettysburg, and in Georgia, Chickamauga and Sherman's March to the Sea which helped turn the tide in favor of the Union. Key events included the Union blockade of Southern ports, the Emancipation Proclamation freeing slaves, and Lee's defeat at Gettysburg which marked a turning point.

1. The Civil War
1861-1865

2. First Shots
 The Union Army at
Fort Sumter
(Charleston, SC)
refused to evacuate.
 Confederate guns
opened fire and
forced its surrender
(April 12, 1861)

3. The Bombardment

4. Union Blockade
“The Anaconda Plan”
 The Union navy did not
allow ships to enter or
leave Southern ports
along the Atlantic coast,
the Gulf of Mexico, and
the Mississippi River.
 It was an attempt to
destroy the Confederate
economy by shutting
down trade.

5. Union Blockade Map

6. Fort Pulaski
 A confederate fort located
at the mouth of the
Savannah River.
 Federal guns forced the
fort to surrender April of
1862

7. First Battle –Bull Run
(no notes)
 Fought 25 miles south of Washington DC.
 Residents of Washington DC. thought it would
be an easy victory and many came to watch.
 After a fierce fight lasting most of the day
Confederate troops routed Union troops
sending them and northern observers panicking
back to Washington.
 Nearly 5,000 soldiers were killed or wounded
on both sides.

8. Bull Run Photo

9. Battle of Antietem- Sept. 17 1862
 Robert E. Lee moved the Southern army
into Maryland to attack the North.
 Lee wanted to end the war with one big
victory.
 He also hoped to encourage Maryland to
join the confederacy and gain support
from European countries.

10. The Bloodiest Day of the War
Battle of Antietam
 A major battle led to the bloodiest day of
the war (23,000 casualties).
 The Union victory gave President Lincoln
the victory he needed to announce the
Emancipation Proclamation.

11. The Sunken road at Antietem
battlefield – Summer 2008

12. Sunken road after the battle - 1862

13. Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863
 President Abraham Lincoln issued an order declaring
an end to slavery in all Confederate states.
 It did not end slavery in slave states that stayed with
the Union. (MO,KY,DE,MD)
 It kept European countries that abolished slavery from
supporting the South.
 Encouraged African-Americans to join the Union army.
 The Union Army now fought to end slavery, not to just
keep the Southern states from leaving the Union.

14.  If I could preserve the Union by freeing
none of the slaves I would do it; if I
could save it by freeing all the slaves I
would do it; and if I could save it by
freeing some and leaving others alone I
would also do that. What I do about
slavery and the colored race, I do
because I believe it helps to save the
Union."
- Abraham Lincoln

15. Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
 Lee again invaded the
North hoping to win a
major battle that would
convince the North to
end the war.

16.  The two armies fought a three day battle that
led to a major Union victory.
 It was the bloodiest battle (not the bloodiest
day) of the war (50,000 casualties)
 The Confederate defeat was considered the
turning point in the war.
 Lee would never invade the North again.

17. Now & Then

18. Pickett’s Charge

19. Gettysburg National Cemetery
Site of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

20. THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a
new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether
that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We
are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion
of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But,
in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate…we cannot consecrate…we cannot
hallow…this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have
consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did
here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us
to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us…that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the
last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth
of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth.
November 19, 1863 –President Abraham Lincoln

21. Chickamauga –Sept 18-20,
1863
 Union forces went to
Chickamauga.
 A battle was fought over control
of railroad lines between
Chattanooga and Atlanta.
 Union forces took over the
railroad lines in Chickamauga.
 Railroads were used to supply
armies like General Lee’s in
Virginia.

22.  Confederate troops attacked Union troops near
Chickamauga, Georgia.
 33,000 casualties made it the bloodiest battle in
Georgia.
 The South won but did not recapture the rail
center at Chattanooga.

24. Left side Assignment
“Three things I like and two I do not understand.”
 Read through your copy of the Gettysburg
Address.
 Write down 3 things you think are really
important that Lincoln says.
 List two things you do not understand.

25. Civil War Part One Notes
Write true or false on a lined piece of paper.
1. The Anaconda Plan was the Union blockade of Northern
ports.
2. Antietam was the site of the bloodiest day in the Civil War.
3. The Union Blockade was designed to hurt the Confederacy’s
economy.
4. The first shots of the war were fired at Fort Sumter in
Charleston Harbor.
5. The Confederacy won the Battle of Antietam.
6. General Robert E. Lee commanded the Southern forces at
Antietam.
7. The Confederate army moved North into Maryland hoping to
find needed supplies.
8. Savannah was not considered important enough to blockade
during the Anaconda Plan.
9. The Confederate Army was unsuccessful in its attempts to
capture Fort Sumter.
10. The battle of Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle in Georgia.

26. The Atlanta Campaign
May-September 1864
 A series of battles were fought around the
city of Atlanta.
 Atlanta was an important supply railroad
supply line for much of the south.
 Capturing it meant food and weapons would
be cut off to Confederate armies.

27. Battle Map

28.  General William T. Sherman led a Union Army of 100,000 and
finally forced the smaller Southern army to give up Atlanta.

29. Andersonville Prison in Georgia
 The South constructed a prisoner of war camp
built to hold 15,000 prisoners.
 Instead it had 45,000 prisoners at one time.
 Disease killed 13,000 Union soldiers.
 Camp commander Henry Wirz was hung after
the war for war crimes.

30. What it would have looked like

31. Photo

32. Overcrowding

33. Left side Assignment
“A prisoner at Andersonville”
 Imagine you are a prisoner of war just captured on
the battlefield at Chickamauga and sent to
Andersonville by train. As you enter through the
stockade consider these things.
1. What do you see, hear, smell?
2. How do you feel?
3. What are you going to do?
4. What will it take to survive?
5. Write a journal entry in paragraph form.

34. March to the Sea
Sept.-Dec. 1864
 General Sherman and the
Union army marched across
Georgia hoping to destroy the
southern economy.
 They marched from Atlanta to
Savannah on a path often 60
miles wide.

35. Path of the March

36. Georgia’s Destruction
 Sherman hoped that damaging
large areas of the South would
lead to its surrender.
 The Union army met little
resistance along the way.
 Fort McAllister (near Richmond
Hill) fell December 13th.
 General Sherman spared
Savannah from destruction and
gave it as a Christmas present
to President Lincoln.

38. Large gun captured at Fort McAllister

39. Civil War Notes Part two
 Read through all of the statements before answering ANY of
them.
 True or False
1. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address.
2. In the Gettysburg Address, the word consecrate means to declare sacred.
3. Four score equal 87 years.
4. General William T. Sherman’s middle initial stands for Turnip.
5. Henry Wirz won the Andersonville 500 driving a Dodge in 1864.
6. The March to the Sea is a famous symphony written about penguins.
7. Abraham Lincoln did not have a mustache.
8. Chickamauga is a funny sounding word.
9. I did not follow the instructions at the top.
10. Do not answer any of the questions, turn over your paper and sit quietly.

40. Left side assignment
 Think about life in Georgia and how it
might have felt as Sherman’s troops
crossed Georgia while getting to
Savannah.
 Write a letter to a friend discussing what
you would be experiencing and what you
would fear the most.