1. RESEARCH ETHICS AND
COPY RIGHT
Dr.C.PARAMASIVAN
Assistant Professor of Commerce
Periyar E.V.R.College (Autonomous)
Tiruchirappalli -620023
Tamil Nadu
2. What is Research?
Research is creative and systematic work
undertaken to increase the stock of
knowledge". It involves the collection,
organization, and analysis of information to
increase understanding of a topic or issue.
Research is defined as careful consideration of
study regarding a particular concern or problem
using scientific methods.
3. Purpose of Research
The purpose of research is to further understand the world and to learn how
this knowledge can be applied to better everyday life. It is an integral part
of problem solving.
1. Exploratory: Exploratory research is the first research to be conducted
around a problem that has not yet been clearly defined
2. Descriptive: Descriptive research expands knowledge of a research problem
or phenomenon by describing it according to its characteristics and
population. Descriptive research focuses on the ‘how’ and ‘what’, but not on
the ‘why’.
3. Explanatory: Explanatory research, also referred to as casual research, is
conducted to determine how variables interact, i.e. to identify cause-and-
effect relationships. Explanatory research deals with the ‘why’ of research
questions and is therefore often based on experiments.
4. Characteristics of Research
Empirical – based on proven scientific methods derived from real-life observations and
experiments.
Logical – follows sequential procedures based on valid principles.
Cyclic – research begins with a question and ends with a question, i.e. research should lead to a
new line of questioning.
Controlled – vigorous measures put into place to keep all variables constant, except those under
investigation.
Hypothesis-based – the research design generates data that sufficiently meets the research
objectives and can prove or disprove the hypothesis
Analytical – data is generated, recorded and analysed using proven techniques to ensure high
accuracy and repeatability while minimising potential errors and anomalies.
Objective – sound judgement is used by the researcher to ensure that the research findings are
valid.
Statistical treatment – statistical treatment is used to transform the available data into
something more meaningful from which knowledge can be gained.
5. Research Ethics
Research ethics defines the way to incorporate
ethical principles into research practice in all
stages of investigation, from planning and
inception through to completion and
dissemination of results.
Research ethics govern the standards of conduct
for scientific researchers. It is important to adhere
to ethical principles in order to protect the
dignity, rights and welfare of research
participants.
7. Research and Publication Ethics
Authorship
Plagiarism, Data Fabrication and Image Manipulation
Research Involving Human Subjects
Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research
Research Involving Cell Lines
Research Involving Plants
Clinical Trials Registration
Borders and Territories
Copyright and Licensing
Conflict of Interests
Citation Policy
Research Data Policies
Ethical Guidelines for Reviewers
Ethical Guidelines for Academic Editors
8. What is Copyright?
Copyright refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property. In
simpler terms, copyright is the right to copy. This means that the original
creators of products and anyone they give authorization to are the only ones
with the exclusive right to reproduce the work.
Copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive
right to make copies of a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative
work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is
intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative
work, but not the idea itself
A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations,
such as the fair use doctrine in the United States.
10. COPYRIGHT IN INDIA
Copyright means the exclusive right to do &
authorise to do certain acts in relation to artistic,
literary,
dramatic,
musical works,
cinematographic film,
sound recording and
software.
basically, Copyright means the right to copy or
reproduce the work in which Copyright subsist.
11. PROCEDURE FOR THE GRANT OF COPYRIGHT
The application is examined by the Copyright
Office and objections, if any, are raised thereto.
The Certificate is issued by the Copyright Office
after the objections, if any, are removed to the
satisfaction of the department
12. RENEWAL & TERM
RENEWAL
NOT REQUIRED.
TERM
60 YEARS after the death of author.
INDIAN COPYRIGHT ACT 1957
copyright.gov.in
