Qualitative research types
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This document discusses and compares qualitative research types including phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. Phenomenology aims to understand the meaning participants place on experiences through methods like interviews and observations. Grounded theory generates theories from collected data through interviews and documents. Ethnographic research observes target users in their natural environment through interviews and participant observation. Grounded theory and ethnography both study phenomena in natural settings and use multiple data sources, but grounded theory does not review literature first and uses theoretical sampling while ethnography uses purposive sampling and focuses on a single cultural aspect.
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govind ppt ppt
this is ppt of scientific , social and behavioral method of Research. this highlight all important task related to this. we can give my seminar by explaining it . Email id -govindkr456@gmail.com(for further detail)
Research lecture 1
This document provides an overview of research methodologies. It defines research as a systematic investigation to discover and revise facts. The objectives of research are to gain new insights, accurately describe phenomena, determine relationships between variables, and test hypotheses. Research can be descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, or empirical. The significance of research is that it leads to progress, promotes logical thinking, and helps address business, economic, social and policy issues.
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The document discusses business research methods and provides details on:
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2) The differences between research methods, which are techniques, and methodology, which is the scientific process.
3) The main types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical.
4) The steps in the research process from formulating the problem to preparing a report.
Naturalistic qualitative inquiry.
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This document discusses various research methods including descriptive research, case study, and experimental research. Descriptive research aims to examine current situations to establish norms by using methods like surveys. Case study involves an in-depth investigation of a small number of cases like individuals or groups. Experimental research aims to isolate and control conditions to observe the effects of manipulating independent variables on dependent variables.
Case study method
The document provides an overview of the case study method as a qualitative research strategy. It defines a case study as an in-depth analysis of a single social unit such as an individual, group, or community. The summary is:
1) A case study involves an intensive analysis of a single social unit to understand its behavior patterns and relationship to the environment.
2) It uses multiple data sources to conduct an empirical inquiry of a limited number of events or conditions and their interrelationships.
3) Case studies have advantages like understanding a unit fully and forming hypotheses, but limitations include lack of comparability between cases and potential for false generalization.
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There are two types of research in terms of the nature and purpose of the study, namely, (1) basic or fundamental research and (2) applied research.
Basic and applied research are further divided into three types of research in terms of methods, namely, 1) quantitative research, 2) qualitative research, and 3) mixed research method.
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Case studies are a qualitative research method used to systematically investigate individuals, groups, events or phenomena within their real-life context. They provide detailed descriptions and seek to explain phenomena. Case studies can be single or multiple cases and are used for exploratory, explanatory or descriptive purposes. They involve gathering data from multiple sources like documents, interviews and observations. Analysis involves techniques like pattern matching and explanation building to understand the case. While time-consuming and not generalizable, case studies provide an in-depth understanding of the topic under study.
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Qualitative research is an inductive approach used to discover or expand knowledge about social and cultural phenomena. It involves the researcher identifying meanings and relevance through intense involvement. Some key characteristics include emerging design, flexibility, holistic perspective, and ongoing data analysis. The phases of qualitative research include an orientation overview phase, focused exploration of the phenomenon, and confirmation and closure to establish trustworthy findings. Data collection methods commonly used are interactive interviewing, written descriptions, and observation.
4. Qualitative research approaches by elmusharaf
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Describe the common qualitative research approaches
Demonstrate how and when to conduct different types of qualitative research
Understand that focus group discussion and interview are not qualitative research methods or designs. They are just tools for data collection.
Research paper writing
This document discusses the steps involved in conducting research. It begins by defining research and outlining its purposes such as building knowledge and increasing public awareness. It then describes the basic structure of a research paper as introduction, methods, results and discussion. The next sections explain each step of conducting research in detail, including identifying the research problem, literature review, specifying the research purpose and questions, developing hypotheses, choosing an appropriate methodology, collecting and verifying data, analyzing and interpreting results. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are discussed. The importance of verification strategies in ensuring the reliability and validity of research findings is also highlighted.
govind ppt ppt
this is ppt of scientific , social and behavioral method of Research. this highlight all important task related to this. we can give my seminar by explaining it . Email id -govindkr456@gmail.com(for further detail)
Research lecture 1
This document provides an overview of research methodologies. It defines research as a systematic investigation to discover and revise facts. The objectives of research are to gain new insights, accurately describe phenomena, determine relationships between variables, and test hypotheses. Research can be descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, or empirical. The significance of research is that it leads to progress, promotes logical thinking, and helps address business, economic, social and policy issues.
Unit i
The document discusses business research methods and provides details on:
1) The objectives of research including gaining familiarity with phenomena and analyzing frequency.
2) The differences between research methods, which are techniques, and methodology, which is the scientific process.
3) The main types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical.
4) The steps in the research process from formulating the problem to preparing a report.
Naturalistic qualitative inquiry.
This document provides an overview of naturalistic qualitative inquiry. It discusses key aspects of this research approach including:
- Naturalistic inquiry examines phenomena in their natural context and views reality as dynamic and interconnected.
- Several types of naturalistic qualitative research are described, including phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies.
- Characteristics of qualitative inquiry are outlined, such as using an emergent design, purposive sampling, and inductive analysis to generate theories and descriptions.
- Issues of trustworthiness in qualitative research are covered, including techniques to ensure credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of findings.
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This document discusses various types of qualitative research methods including basic qualitative studies, case study research, content analysis, ethnographic studies, grounded theory research, historical studies, narrative research, and phenomenological research. It provides descriptions and comparisons of these different approaches. For basic qualitative studies, the goal is to understand a phenomenon or experience from the participant's perspective through techniques like interviews and observation. Case study research provides an in-depth look at a single unit or case using multiple data sources. Content analysis examines written or visual materials to describe their characteristics and identify themes. Ethnographic research studies culture and social behavior of a group in their natural setting through immersion and observation.
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Research is defined as a careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem using scientific methods. Qualitative research is a scientific method of observation to gather non-numerical data and answer why and how questions rather than how often. The main types of qualitative research are case study, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and historical research.
Descriptive
The descriptive method is used to gather information about existing conditions and explore phenomena. It involves collecting data through methods like interviews, surveys, observation, and analysis of documents and records to describe situations and answer questions about current status. While it provides expansive data useful for understanding problems, limitations include lack of depth in large surveys and inability to determine causation. Researchers must take care to avoid misusing the method and ensure results are reliable and trustworthy.
Research Designs and Research methods
This document discusses various research methods including descriptive research, case study, and experimental research. Descriptive research aims to examine current situations to establish norms by using methods like surveys. Case study involves an in-depth investigation of a small number of cases like individuals or groups. Experimental research aims to isolate and control conditions to observe the effects of manipulating independent variables on dependent variables.
Case study method
The document provides an overview of the case study method as a qualitative research strategy. It defines a case study as an in-depth analysis of a single social unit such as an individual, group, or community. The summary is:
1) A case study involves an intensive analysis of a single social unit to understand its behavior patterns and relationship to the environment.
2) It uses multiple data sources to conduct an empirical inquiry of a limited number of events or conditions and their interrelationships.
3) Case studies have advantages like understanding a unit fully and forming hypotheses, but limitations include lack of comparability between cases and potential for false generalization.
Types of Research
There are two types of research in terms of the nature and purpose of the study, namely, (1) basic or fundamental research and (2) applied research.
Basic and applied research are further divided into three types of research in terms of methods, namely, 1) quantitative research, 2) qualitative research, and 3) mixed research method.
Historical method in Research
Historical methods of research involve systematically examining accounts of past events through primary and secondary sources to develop an interpretation. There are several key steps, including identifying a topic, conducting background research, analyzing sources through external and internal criticism, and developing a narrative. While it cannot control variables like other methods, historical research helps understand contemporary issues, illuminate cultural interactions, and reevaluate existing theories about the past.
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202 Copyright © 2009 The Author(s)
Evidence-Based Practice: Critical
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judgments about the evidence are imperative to the
EBP process and clinical decision making (Melnyk &
Fineout-Overholt, 2005; Polit & Beck, 2008). The over-
all purpose of this article is to familiarize clinicians
with qualitative research as an important source of
evidence to guide practice decisions. In this article, an
overview of the goals, methods and types of qualita-
tive research, and the criteria used to appraise the
quality of this type of evidence will be presented.
QUALITATIVE BELIEFS
Qualitative research aims to generate insight,
describe, and understand the nature of reality in
human experiences (Ayers, 2007; Milne & Oberle,
2005; Polit & Beck, 2008; Saddler, 2006; Sandelowski,
2004; Speziale & Carpenter, 2003; Thorne, 2000).
Qualitative researchers are inquisitive and seek to
understand knowledge about how people think and
feel, about the circumstances in which they find
themselves, and use methods to uncover and decon-
struct the meaning of a phenomenon (Saddler, 2006;
Thorne, 2000). Qualitative data are collected in a
natural setting. These data are not numerical; rather,
they are full and rich descriptions from participants
who are experiencing the phenomenon under study.
The goal of qualitative research is to uncover the
truths that exist and develop a complete understand-
ing of ...
Qualitative Research-Grounded Theory
This document discusses grounded theory and constructivist grounded theory as qualitative research methodologies. It explains that grounded theory is used to develop a theory grounded in data using an inductive approach. Constructivist grounded theory is presented as an extension of grounded theory that incorporates a constructivist perspective, where theories are co-constructed by the researcher and participants based on their shared experiences. The document provides an example of how constructivist grounded theory would be applied in a research study exploring how poor, working class clients' experiences of counseling may affect their perspectives and participation in individual counseling.
Case study vs Ethnography
Case Study is a method to deeply observe the characteristics of individual unit such as a person, a group or a community, in order to analyse various phenomena in relation to that unit of study.
Ethnography is a method to explore the nature of a certain social phenomenon and it tends to use unstructured data.
IntroductionQualitative research is more concerned with descrip.docx
Introduction:
Qualitative research is more concerned with description and the subjective nature of lived experiences than with the quantification of experience for the purpose of applying statistical procedures. Their methods differ, but both qualitative and quantitative approaches attempt to understand social and behavioral phenomena by systematically collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. As forms of disciplined inquiry, adherence to standards of rigor in the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods reduces the likelihood of unwanted bias, thereby increasing the overall validity or credibility of findings from any given study. Sampling procedures in qualitative studies are designed to bring the researcher in contact with the participants who are most likely to provide rich data. Qualitative studies do not sample in order to provide generalizations to a larger population, so securing a sample that is representative of the larger population is not a relevant concern.
Qualitative research, in contrast to quantitative, is more emergent in that research questions are likely to evolve over the course of the study as the researcher gains insight into the nature of the phenomena being observed through several phases of data collection (Creswell, 2014, p. 4). The investigator may begin by formulating a general research question from professional experiences or observations, and as the study progresses, refine these questions. In contrast to most quantitative studies, where the bulk of the relevant literature is reviewed prior to conducting the study, a qualitative researcher may not begin reading the literature until after the first round of data collection. Qualitative research aims for a holistic view of the participant's experiences by using observation and open-ended questions in in-depth interviews.
Qualitative research methodology uses an inductive reasoning process. It is based on philosophical assumptions that are very different from those that support quantitative research. Epistemologically, knowledge comes from understanding what meanings have been given to experiences and processes from first-hand accounts of people. The nature of reality, which falls under the branch of philosophy called ontology, is socially constructed by individuals and groups of people, and thus multiple realities exist due to the different interpretative lenses people bring to their experiences. Unlike quantitative research, which some view as being value-free, the role of values (the axiological assumptions), intuition, bias, and subjective experience are an important component of what the researcher consciously and purposefully examines.
More recent philosophic traditions that have informed qualitative approaches to research include those that address the perspective of people from socially or politically marginalized populations, such as feminist, critical theory, hermeneutic, and multicultural perspectives. From these per ...
Phenomenology research methodology
This document provides an overview of phenomenological research methodology. It discusses key aspects of the methodology, including that there is no single defined method and the researcher should follow the principles of studying lived human experiences. It outlines some common data collection techniques used, such as interviews and participant observation. It also discusses some limitations, such as difficulties generalizing findings, and advantages, like obtaining in-depth understanding of phenomena. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to phenomenological research methodology, its techniques and flexibility in application.
Research design in occupational education
1. Qualitative research emphasizes looking at variables in their natural setting and interaction between variables. It uses open-ended questions and the researcher is integral to the investigation.
2. Qualitative research produces more in-depth data and seeks to understand interactions between variables from the participant's perspective. However, it is difficult to establish reliability and validity due to subjectivity.
3. The document discusses qualitative research methods including seeking a holistic understanding, corroboration through triangulation, various types of participant observation, using case studies, and maintaining validity through thorough documentation and feedback.
qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research design. It discusses the main qualitative research designs used in nursing, including phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case study, and historical research. For each design, it describes key characteristics, academic roots, examples, features, types, perspectives, sampling methods, data collection techniques, and conclusions. The overall purpose is to introduce different approaches to qualitative inquiry and how they are applied in nursing research.
Selected Research Sample Writing
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods. It discusses current thoughts on qualitative research, including that it aims to provide complex descriptions of people's experiences. Some key features of qualitative research discussed are that the researcher acts as the instrument of data collection and that the purpose is to investigate some aspect of the social world. Common characteristics mentioned are that qualitative research is oriented towards understanding lived experiences, relies on primary data collection techniques like interviews and observation, and focuses on maintaining the important context of what is being studied.
casestudy.ppt
Cook I
Marriott International, Inc - Al-Ayn
رقم الوظيفة 23013234 التصنيفات Food and Beverage & Culinary الموقع Aloft Al Ain, Al Ain Square, Al Towayya, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, United Arab Emirates...
21 Jan
Supervisor-Restaurant
Marriott International, Inc - Sharjah
رقم الوظيفة 23013183 التصنيفات Food and Beverage & Culinary الموقع Sheraton Sharjah Beach Resort & Spa, Al Muntazah Street, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates...
21 Jan
Itzell MorenoFriday31 Jan at 2115Manage discussion entryAcc.docx
Itzell Moreno
Friday31 Jan at 21:15
Manage discussion entry
According to Lieblich, narrative research is a study of narrative materials or anything that uses narrative (1988, p.14). In essence, narrative research focuses on understanding the experience and point of view of the narrator. According to Squire, Andrews, and Tamboukou, narrative research seems to be used very often, especially in social research, because interviews or personal testimonies create narrative to research (Squire, C., Andrews, M., & Tamboukou , M., 2013, p.1). Furthermore, Squire, C., Andrews, M., & Tamboukou , M., explain that narrative research data may be overwhelming since narrative can be open to interpretation, in reference to collecting too much data and not knowing where to start or end; which is both good and bad (2013, p.1). Data collection for this type or research includes, but is not limited to, audio recordings, journals, interviews, stories, autobiography writing, pictures, and more. The type of analysis used is qualitative; since content is collected from texts, then counted, organized, and interpreted (Lieblich,1998, p. 14). Furthermore, depending on the research question and data being collected, data analysis varies; whether the author wants to make something out of the story, combine findings, look for patterns in stories, etc.
Resources
Lieblich, A. (1998). Narrative research: reading, analysis, and interpretation. London: Sage.
Squire, C., Andrews, M., & Tamboukou , M. (2013). What is Narrative Research? In Doing Narrative Research (2nd ed., pp. 1–22). doi: https://dx-doi-org.proxy-library.ashford.edu/10.4135/9781526402271.n1
Ashley Henderson
Yesterday5 Feb at 17:21
Manage discussion entry
Topic: Grounded Theory
Grounded theory permits researchers to develop a method that describes and/or explain situations that can “accurately perceive and present another’s world” (Jacelon & O’Dell, 2005). The grounded theory focuses on an informative natural method in conjunction with strategies. Examples of these strategies are observations, interviews, and documentation. Becoming one of the most frequently adopted qualitative research methods, it discloses the behavior and social relationships of groups.
This type of research methodology utilizes inductive reasoning as well as the hypothetic-deductive model of the scientific method. Grounded theory constructs data systematically and analyzes by using comparative analysis.
In my chosen journal, two out of three schools that were invited to take part participated. Each participant completed an individual interview, as well as the parents of the participants, completed an informed consent document. All possessed documents for the analysis were securely stored within a filing cabinet. During this study, the individual interviews were audio-recorded, analyzed and transcribed verbatim before conducting the next interview. The researchers used the constructivist grounded theory approach to conduct the in ...
Philosophy of-research
This document discusses different research philosophies and methodologies. It outlines positivism and interpretivism as the two major research philosophies in Western science. Positivists believe reality can be observed objectively, while interpretivists believe reality can only be understood through subjective interpretation. The document then provides examples and descriptions of various research methodologies, including experiments, surveys, case studies, and action research, discussing their strengths and weaknesses.
Methodology dissertation complete
This document discusses the research methodology used for a case study on the Festive Chicken poultry processing factory in South Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative methods will be used, including surveys with 100+ employees and interviews. The target population is the 2500 employees. Convenience and judgmental sampling will be used to select participants. Data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews to explore issues related to implementation at the factory. The research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the case study using mixed methods.
A Scoping Review Of The Use Of Ethnographic Approaches In Implementation Rese...
This document summarizes a scoping review of studies that used ethnographic approaches in implementation science research. The review identified 73 studies published between 2004-2019. Most studies used ethnographic methods to assess determinants of implementation like context, barriers and facilitators. Common methods included interviews and observation. Studies cited rationales like capturing context-specific phenomena, understanding insiders' perspectives, and studying complex interactions. The review developed recommendations for clearly reporting ethnographic approaches, such as providing details on researcher training, positionality, observational methods, and reporting all methods used. It concluded that ethnography holds potential for implementation science, particularly for understanding implementation strategy mechanisms and complex adaptive systems.
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Qualitative research types
- 1. Running Head: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TYPES 1 Qualitative research types Student Name Professor Name Course Title Date
- 2. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TYPES 2 Phenomenology Phenomenology is a method of inquiry that illustrate an event or activity through using combination of methods, such as watching videos, visiting places and events, and conducting interviews to understand the meaning participants place on anything being examined. Furthermore, phenomenology builds an adequate dataset to analyze rising subjects by conducting several interviews and then use other participants to substantiate its findings (Reiter, Stewart & Bruce, 2011). Grounded theory Grounded theory detects emerging patterns and generates theories from data. It provides an explanation or theory behind the events and use interviews and existing documents to create a theory based on the data. The developed theory will suggest the interview questions and places the data would be collected (Reiter, Stewart & Bruce, 2011). Ethnographic research Ethnography research entails observing target users or people in their own environment by using methods, such as face-to-face interviews and participant observation. It aims to collect insight on what people do, how people use things, and what they require in their daily lives (Ethnography, 2011). Differences between Grounded theory and Ethnography Firstly, ethnography focuses to understand the participant behavior with respect to a definite culture, thus focusing on a single aspect rather than the whole context. Conversely, grounded theory explicates the category of research basis and links it with perspective of participant behavior of that particular event. Secondly, in grounded theory the researcher does
- 3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TYPES 3 not check literature before the fieldwork to prevent getting inclined from the literature. In contrast, ethnography researchers consult the literature before performing the study to get idea how the research will progress. Finally, grounded theory adopts theoretical sampling technique to aid in theory building. While, ethnography apply purpose sampling that give more emphasis on definite aspect of culture (Reiter, Stewart & Bruce, 2011). Similarities between Grounded Theory and Ethnography Firstly, both methods study the phenomenon in its natural environment and utilize a holistic technique to study the phenomenon. Secondly, both methodologies adopt several data collection approaches that aid in offering numerous interpretations and improve the accuracy and reliability of research study. Finally, in both methodologies the researcher presents the report from the viewpoint of participant who has experienced the phenomenon natural situation. Hence, stories of participants are adjoined to the report to enhance the research findings (Reiter, Stewart & Bruce, 2011). .
- 4. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TYPES 4 References Ethnography; studies by E. cherry and co-authors describe new findings in ethnography. (2011). Politics & Government Business, 231. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/868669118?accountid=45049 Reiter, S., Stewart, G., & Bruce, C. (2011). A strategy for delayed research method selection: Deciding between grounded theory and phenomenology. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 9(1), 35-46. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/856440075?accountid=45049