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Objectivity and Subjectivity in Social Science
Research
Dr. Kishor Kumar
Associate Professor- Department of History
Director- Swami Vivekananda Study Centre
K. M. Govt. Post Graduate College, Badalpur
Gautam Buddha Nagar, U.P. (India)
+91-9990257272
dr.kumarkishor@gmail.com
Research Meaning
Re-search is systematic effort to gain new
knowledge.
Research is an honest, exhaustive, intelligent
searching for facts and their meaning or
implications with reference to a given problem.
Research is simply a systematic refined techniques
of thinking, employing specialized tools, instruments
and procedures in order to obtain a more adequate
solution of a problem.
Research Meaning
Historical Research is the application of the scientific
method of inquiry to historical problem.
It is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and
disseminating relevant data, information, and insights
to decision makers in ways that mobilize the
organization to take appropriate actions that
maximizes business performance.
The primary purpose of research is to reduce the level
of risk of a business decision.
Social research is the systematic method of discovering
new facts or verifying old facts, their sequence, Inter-
relationship, causal explanations and the natural laws
which govern them.
Research Problem & To Find a Solution
Need – Resources = Problem
Example:-
1.Treatment of Corona Covid-19 is need-Resource available
(Hydroxychloroquine) not very effective
=Problem (To find out a perfect medicine to cure Corona
Covid-19)
2.Great Loss to Economy- Need to survive and revive
Governments have less financial and revenue resources -
Finding new way to revival and coping with world
economy.
Steps of Solution
Critical Approach about problem
Innovative Approach towards solution
Execution Through Research
Research Process
Collection of Data/ Sources
Selection of Data/ Source
Analyses of Data/ Sources
Report writing
Why ?
Problem is one
Solutions are many
Anekantavad/ Syadvad/ Anekantavad
The doctrine of manifold nature of reality- Mahavir
The doctrine of may be
This doctrine explain about
 Relative Truth
 Absolute Truth
Examples:-
The Nature of National Movement
(Non-Violence/ Revolutionary)
The nature of First Freedom Movement
Imperialist & Nationalist Historiography
Communism System & Ram Rajya
Lockdown for humanity & Economy Revival
Swami Vivekananda’s View on Truth
The whole world trying to move from false to
truth
Indian culture (Hinduism too) is all about
moving towards low level truth to high level
truth
The ultimate aim of research- to get new
knowledge- finding comparatively high level
truth
Subjectivity
Subjective knowledge is refers to the individual’s
perception, his values, feelings, desires, belief, opinion
perspectives and preferences.
Subjectivity focuses on things as subjects, relying on
feelings and emotions to define the nature, intent, content
& purpose.
Subjective evaluation emphasize on one’s own attitude/
opinion. It can be unduly egocentric or dominating
Illogical and Distinct Interpretation
So it’s a mind- dependent analyses
It may create an illusion or imagination
Objectivity
Objectivity is completely opposite to subjectivity
Objectively refers to the ability to judge logically
without bias or external influence
Inquiry for truth- Philosophical
Based on facts
Real Thought
Devoid from feeling or emotions
 Free from preconceived notion or situation
Objectivity
Objectivity is not influenced by an individual
previous experience, preferences or taste
So objectivity presupposes an independent reality
that exist independent of interpretation of the
observer
It can be grasped through systematic observation
or experimentation
Objectivity exist independent of mind
Understanding problems and solutions in abrader
way (Holistic Approaches)
Subjective to Objective
To move from a subjective understanding to more
objective understanding on the basis of systematic
observation, analyses and experimentation (Based on
original sources/ data)
To find more accurate/ scientific knowledge
To find scientific knowledge about Evolution of
society/ Institutions/ organizations
 To find more scientific decisions
Is it possible to be completely Objective ?
Subjective elements means- The elements of
human intervention
For human being its tough to be neutral in
thought and action
That is the crux of the problem of objectivity
There must be a hidden influenced or inevitable
subjective quality which can not be entirely
suppressed.
So minimize the subjectivity and maximize the
objectivity in social science research is also an
objective (like objectives of research)
Balance between Objectivity & Subjectivity
K. N. Chitnis in his book Research Methodology in
History (Atlantic Publishers & distributers (P) LTD-2006)
write:-
Objectivity, if carried to an extreme, result in dry, result in
dry and lifeless cataloguing of events; subjectivity, if
carried to an extreme, results in a highly biased work
often divorced from a reality.
Subjectivity, if pursued beyond a certain points, would
even lead to the production of a work of fiction, rather
then the history
Balance between Objectivity & Subjectivity
Thus a mere objective work would lack interpretation,
while a mere subjective work will have no relation to the
actual events.
A work detached from historical facts is no history,
however well written and interpretative it may be.
An ideal would be one that combines subjectivity with
objectivity in the due proportion without upholding the
one at the cost of other.
I do not teach anyone I provide the
environment in which they can learn.
Albert Einstein
Thanks a lot

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Objectivity and subjectivity in social science research

  • 1. Objectivity and Subjectivity in Social Science Research Dr. Kishor Kumar Associate Professor- Department of History Director- Swami Vivekananda Study Centre K. M. Govt. Post Graduate College, Badalpur Gautam Buddha Nagar, U.P. (India) +91-9990257272 dr.kumarkishor@gmail.com
  • 2. Research Meaning Re-search is systematic effort to gain new knowledge. Research is an honest, exhaustive, intelligent searching for facts and their meaning or implications with reference to a given problem. Research is simply a systematic refined techniques of thinking, employing specialized tools, instruments and procedures in order to obtain a more adequate solution of a problem.
  • 3. Research Meaning Historical Research is the application of the scientific method of inquiry to historical problem. It is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions that maximizes business performance. The primary purpose of research is to reduce the level of risk of a business decision. Social research is the systematic method of discovering new facts or verifying old facts, their sequence, Inter- relationship, causal explanations and the natural laws which govern them.
  • 4. Research Problem & To Find a Solution Need – Resources = Problem Example:- 1.Treatment of Corona Covid-19 is need-Resource available (Hydroxychloroquine) not very effective =Problem (To find out a perfect medicine to cure Corona Covid-19) 2.Great Loss to Economy- Need to survive and revive Governments have less financial and revenue resources - Finding new way to revival and coping with world economy.
  • 5. Steps of Solution Critical Approach about problem Innovative Approach towards solution Execution Through Research
  • 6. Research Process Collection of Data/ Sources Selection of Data/ Source Analyses of Data/ Sources Report writing
  • 7. Why ? Problem is one Solutions are many
  • 8. Anekantavad/ Syadvad/ Anekantavad The doctrine of manifold nature of reality- Mahavir The doctrine of may be This doctrine explain about  Relative Truth  Absolute Truth Examples:- The Nature of National Movement (Non-Violence/ Revolutionary) The nature of First Freedom Movement Imperialist & Nationalist Historiography Communism System & Ram Rajya Lockdown for humanity & Economy Revival
  • 9. Swami Vivekananda’s View on Truth The whole world trying to move from false to truth Indian culture (Hinduism too) is all about moving towards low level truth to high level truth The ultimate aim of research- to get new knowledge- finding comparatively high level truth
  • 10. Subjectivity Subjective knowledge is refers to the individual’s perception, his values, feelings, desires, belief, opinion perspectives and preferences. Subjectivity focuses on things as subjects, relying on feelings and emotions to define the nature, intent, content & purpose. Subjective evaluation emphasize on one’s own attitude/ opinion. It can be unduly egocentric or dominating Illogical and Distinct Interpretation So it’s a mind- dependent analyses It may create an illusion or imagination
  • 11. Objectivity Objectivity is completely opposite to subjectivity Objectively refers to the ability to judge logically without bias or external influence Inquiry for truth- Philosophical Based on facts Real Thought Devoid from feeling or emotions  Free from preconceived notion or situation
  • 12. Objectivity Objectivity is not influenced by an individual previous experience, preferences or taste So objectivity presupposes an independent reality that exist independent of interpretation of the observer It can be grasped through systematic observation or experimentation Objectivity exist independent of mind Understanding problems and solutions in abrader way (Holistic Approaches)
  • 13. Subjective to Objective To move from a subjective understanding to more objective understanding on the basis of systematic observation, analyses and experimentation (Based on original sources/ data) To find more accurate/ scientific knowledge To find scientific knowledge about Evolution of society/ Institutions/ organizations  To find more scientific decisions
  • 14. Is it possible to be completely Objective ? Subjective elements means- The elements of human intervention For human being its tough to be neutral in thought and action That is the crux of the problem of objectivity There must be a hidden influenced or inevitable subjective quality which can not be entirely suppressed. So minimize the subjectivity and maximize the objectivity in social science research is also an objective (like objectives of research)
  • 15. Balance between Objectivity & Subjectivity K. N. Chitnis in his book Research Methodology in History (Atlantic Publishers & distributers (P) LTD-2006) write:- Objectivity, if carried to an extreme, result in dry, result in dry and lifeless cataloguing of events; subjectivity, if carried to an extreme, results in a highly biased work often divorced from a reality. Subjectivity, if pursued beyond a certain points, would even lead to the production of a work of fiction, rather then the history
  • 16. Balance between Objectivity & Subjectivity Thus a mere objective work would lack interpretation, while a mere subjective work will have no relation to the actual events. A work detached from historical facts is no history, however well written and interpretative it may be. An ideal would be one that combines subjectivity with objectivity in the due proportion without upholding the one at the cost of other.
  • 17. I do not teach anyone I provide the environment in which they can learn. Albert Einstein