2polyhydramnios
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Polyhydramnios is defined as excessive amniotic fluid over 2000 ml or a single pocket over 8 cm. It occurs in 1-2% of pregnancies. Causes include maternal diabetes, fetal anomalies, multiple gestations, and idiopathic in 65% of cases. It can be acute or chronic based on onset. Acute presents before 20 weeks with symptoms like abdominal pain and vomiting. Chronic presents later with dyspnea, palpitations, and edema. Signs include an enlarged, tense abdomen where fetal parts cannot be distinguished easily.
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2polyhydramnios
This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid. It notes that the incidence is 1-2% of cases and identifies the main causes as placental (less than 1%), fetal (18%), maternal (15%), and idiopathic (65%). It describes the clinical presentation and signs of acute versus chronic polyhydramnios. Risks during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum are outlined. Treatment options discussed include amnioreduction using amniocentesis or indomethacin to reduce amniotic fluid levels and prolong the pregnancy.
Polyhydramnios- Define, Incidence, Causes,Sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis, types...
Polyhydramnios- Define, Incidence, Causes,Sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis, types,General examination PPT made By Sonal Patel
seminar on: Polyhydramnios
This document summarizes a seminar on polyhydramnios presented by a nursing student. It defines polyhydramnios as an excess of amniotic fluid and describes its signs, symptoms, causes, complications for both mother and fetus, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. Common causes include fetal anomalies, diabetes, and multiple pregnancies. Complications can include preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and respiratory distress in the fetus. Diagnosis is made through ultrasound measurement of amniotic fluid levels. Treatment may involve bed rest, amniocentesis to reduce fluid levels, and ultimately delivery of the baby if severe.
Amniotic Fluid
Amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrients for the developing fetus. It is regulated by a balance of fetal production and absorption. Amniocentesis extracts amniotic fluid for analysis of fetal health, maturity, and genetic abnormalities. Tests of amniotic fluid assess lung maturity through measurements of surfactant components like lecithin and phosphatidylglycerol that prevent lung collapse.
POLYHYDRAMINOS
This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excess amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydramnios as more than 1500-2000 mL of amniotic fluid. Causes may include fetal anomalies, placental chorioangiomas, multiple pregnancies, and maternal conditions like diabetes. Polyhydramnios can be chronic or acute based on onset. Complications include preterm labor, malpresentation, and pregnancy-induced high blood pressure. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal well-being. Management depends on gestational age, response to treatment, and other complications, and may involve amniocentesis, induction of labor, or termination of pregnancy.
Polyhydrarnnios by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee
Polyhydramnios is defined as a pathological increase of amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Common causes of polyhydramnios include gestational diabetes, fetal anomalies with disturbed fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid, fetal infections and other, rarer causes. The diagnosis is obtained by ultrasound. The prognosis of polyhydramnios depends on its cause and severity. Typical symptoms of polyhydramnios include maternal dyspnea, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), abnormal fetal presentation, cord prolapse and postpartum hemorrhage. Due to its common etiology with gestational diabetes, polyhydramnios is often associated with fetal macrosomia. To prevent the above complications, there are two methods of prenatal treatment: amnioreduction and pharmacological treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, prenatal administration of NSAIDs to reduce amniotic fluid volumes has not been approved in Germany. In addition to conventional management, experimental therapies which would alter fetal diuresis are being considered.
• Fetal malformations and genetic anomalies (8–45 %)
• maternal diabetes mellitus (5–26 %)
• multiple pregnancies (8–10 %)
• fetal anemia (1–11 %)
• other causes, e.g. viral infections, Bartter syndrome, neuromuscular disorders, maternal hypercalcemia. Viral infections which can lead to polyhydramnios include parvovirus B19, rubella, and cytomegalovirus. Other infections, e.g. toxoplasmosis and syphilis, can also cause polyhydramnios 80, 81, 82.
Advances in detailed ultrasound scanning and the prevention of Rhesus isoimmunization in the last decades have changed the relative frequency of these etiologies and significantly reduced the number of idiopathic cases
Single deepest pocket measurement
For this type of measurement the uterus is divided into four quadrants. The amniotic fluid volume is measured vertically in the deepest amniotic fluid pocket. Values below 2 cm indicate oligohydramnios, values over 8 cm indicate polyhydramnios 30. The advantage of this method is its simplicity, making it the most commonly used method in practice. It is also the method of choice in multiple gestation. In cases with multiple gestation, a range of 3–8 cm is defined as normal. With this method, polyhydramnios is classified as mild, moderate or severe. Mild polyhydramnios is characterized by a value of 8–11 cm, moderate polyhydramnios by a value between 12–15 cm and severe polyhydramnios by values above 16 cm
polyhydroaminos
This document discusses polyhydroamnios, which is an excess of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydroamnios as amniotic fluid exceeding 2000 ml or an amniotic fluid index greater than 24 cm. Potential causes include fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, or idiopathic cases. Signs and symptoms range from abdominal pain and difficulty breathing with acute cases to leg swelling and discomfort with chronic cases. Ultrasound and amniocentesis are used for diagnosis. Complications include preterm labor and cord prolapse. Management may involve medications, monitoring, and in severe cases, early delivery.
Hydramnios
Polyhydramnios is a condition seen in pregnancy. Necessary management should be taken to prevent further complications.
Recommended
2polyhydramnios
This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid. It notes that the incidence is 1-2% of cases and identifies the main causes as placental (less than 1%), fetal (18%), maternal (15%), and idiopathic (65%). It describes the clinical presentation and signs of acute versus chronic polyhydramnios. Risks during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum are outlined. Treatment options discussed include amnioreduction using amniocentesis or indomethacin to reduce amniotic fluid levels and prolong the pregnancy.
Polyhydramnios- Define, Incidence, Causes,Sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis, types...
Polyhydramnios- Define, Incidence, Causes,Sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis, types,General examination PPT made By Sonal Patel
seminar on: Polyhydramnios
This document summarizes a seminar on polyhydramnios presented by a nursing student. It defines polyhydramnios as an excess of amniotic fluid and describes its signs, symptoms, causes, complications for both mother and fetus, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. Common causes include fetal anomalies, diabetes, and multiple pregnancies. Complications can include preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and respiratory distress in the fetus. Diagnosis is made through ultrasound measurement of amniotic fluid levels. Treatment may involve bed rest, amniocentesis to reduce fluid levels, and ultimately delivery of the baby if severe.
Amniotic Fluid
Amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrients for the developing fetus. It is regulated by a balance of fetal production and absorption. Amniocentesis extracts amniotic fluid for analysis of fetal health, maturity, and genetic abnormalities. Tests of amniotic fluid assess lung maturity through measurements of surfactant components like lecithin and phosphatidylglycerol that prevent lung collapse.
POLYHYDRAMINOS
This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excess amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydramnios as more than 1500-2000 mL of amniotic fluid. Causes may include fetal anomalies, placental chorioangiomas, multiple pregnancies, and maternal conditions like diabetes. Polyhydramnios can be chronic or acute based on onset. Complications include preterm labor, malpresentation, and pregnancy-induced high blood pressure. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal well-being. Management depends on gestational age, response to treatment, and other complications, and may involve amniocentesis, induction of labor, or termination of pregnancy.
Polyhydrarnnios by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee
Polyhydramnios is defined as a pathological increase of amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Common causes of polyhydramnios include gestational diabetes, fetal anomalies with disturbed fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid, fetal infections and other, rarer causes. The diagnosis is obtained by ultrasound. The prognosis of polyhydramnios depends on its cause and severity. Typical symptoms of polyhydramnios include maternal dyspnea, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), abnormal fetal presentation, cord prolapse and postpartum hemorrhage. Due to its common etiology with gestational diabetes, polyhydramnios is often associated with fetal macrosomia. To prevent the above complications, there are two methods of prenatal treatment: amnioreduction and pharmacological treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, prenatal administration of NSAIDs to reduce amniotic fluid volumes has not been approved in Germany. In addition to conventional management, experimental therapies which would alter fetal diuresis are being considered.
• Fetal malformations and genetic anomalies (8–45 %)
• maternal diabetes mellitus (5–26 %)
• multiple pregnancies (8–10 %)
• fetal anemia (1–11 %)
• other causes, e.g. viral infections, Bartter syndrome, neuromuscular disorders, maternal hypercalcemia. Viral infections which can lead to polyhydramnios include parvovirus B19, rubella, and cytomegalovirus. Other infections, e.g. toxoplasmosis and syphilis, can also cause polyhydramnios 80, 81, 82.
Advances in detailed ultrasound scanning and the prevention of Rhesus isoimmunization in the last decades have changed the relative frequency of these etiologies and significantly reduced the number of idiopathic cases
Single deepest pocket measurement
For this type of measurement the uterus is divided into four quadrants. The amniotic fluid volume is measured vertically in the deepest amniotic fluid pocket. Values below 2 cm indicate oligohydramnios, values over 8 cm indicate polyhydramnios 30. The advantage of this method is its simplicity, making it the most commonly used method in practice. It is also the method of choice in multiple gestation. In cases with multiple gestation, a range of 3–8 cm is defined as normal. With this method, polyhydramnios is classified as mild, moderate or severe. Mild polyhydramnios is characterized by a value of 8–11 cm, moderate polyhydramnios by a value between 12–15 cm and severe polyhydramnios by values above 16 cm
polyhydroaminos
This document discusses polyhydroamnios, which is an excess of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydroamnios as amniotic fluid exceeding 2000 ml or an amniotic fluid index greater than 24 cm. Potential causes include fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, or idiopathic cases. Signs and symptoms range from abdominal pain and difficulty breathing with acute cases to leg swelling and discomfort with chronic cases. Ultrasound and amniocentesis are used for diagnosis. Complications include preterm labor and cord prolapse. Management may involve medications, monitoring, and in severe cases, early delivery.
Hydramnios
Polyhydramnios is a condition seen in pregnancy. Necessary management should be taken to prevent further complications.
Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, which is normally 500-1500ml at term. It is diagnosed clinically or via ultrasound. Causes include maternal diabetes or fetal abnormalities. Management depends on if the excess fluid is acute or chronic, and involves bed rest, ultrasound, draining fluid via needle if fetus is normal, or inducing labor. Oligohydramnios is the opposite condition of low amniotic fluid which can be associated with fetal abnormalities and complications like preterm labor and death.
Amniotic fluid
1. Amniotic fluid is produced by the fetus urinating and respiratory secretions into the amniotic sac. It allows room for fetal growth and protects the fetus from trauma.
2. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume include oligohydramnios (low volume) and polyhydramnios (high volume). Oligohydramnios can cause fetal deformities and pulmonary hypoplasia while polyhydramnios increases risks of preterm labor and fetal malpresentation.
3. Causes of the abnormalities include fetal anomalies, maternal diabetes, and premature rupture of membranes. Management involves monitoring for complications, treating any underlying causes, and possibly inducing labor if fetal lung
Amniotic fluid ultrasound
This document discusses amniotic fluid assessment in ultrasound examinations. It provides details on qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating amniotic fluid volume using methods like the maximum vertical pocket measurement and amniotic fluid index. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume can indicate issues like premature rupture of membranes or fetal growth restrictions. Causes of variations in amniotic fluid are discussed, along with criteria for determining normal versus abnormal fluid levels. Measurement techniques and ranges for oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are also outlined.
Oligohydramnios
Oligohydramnios is defined as a reduction in amniotic fluid volume below 500 ml, and in rare cases there may be a complete absence of fluid known as anhydramnios. It occurs in approximately 1 in 750 pregnancies and can be caused by placental insufficiency, urinary tract malformations in the fetus, or post-term pregnancy. Ultrasound is used to diagnose oligohydramnios and identify any fetal anomalies, growth problems, or the fetal presentation. Complications include pulmonary hypoplasia if the fluid is needed for lung development, abnormal fetal development due to compression, and abnormal fetal presentations. Management depends on if it occurs post-term, in which case
Amniotic fluid do
This document discusses amniotic fluid disorders including polyhydramnious and oligohydramnious. It describes how normal amniotic fluid levels change throughout pregnancy, peaking at 38 weeks. The two main abnormalities are defined as polyhydramnious (excess amniotic fluid over 2000ml) and oligohydramnious (less than 300-500ml at term). Causes, signs/symptoms, complications and management are described for each condition. Preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, and preterm labor are also summarized.
Amniotic fluid ppt
The amniotic fluid protects and nourishes the developing fetus in the womb. It cushions the fetus, regulates temperature, and allows for lung and muscle development through movement. The fluid is produced both by the mother's blood plasma passing through the fetal membranes and by fetal urine after the kidneys develop around 15-25 weeks. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume can impact fetal and birth outcomes. Too little fluid (oligohydramnios) or too much (polyhydramnios) present risks, while the fluid is carefully monitored through the pregnancy via ultrasound.
10.sakina amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus in the amniotic sac during pregnancy. It serves several important purposes, such as allowing fetal movement, screening for malformations, and assessing lung maturity. The amniotic fluid volume is normally maintained through a balance of fetal urine output, lung/skin secretions, and reabsorption, but can decrease in cases of restricted growth or complications. Amniocentesis allows sampling of amniotic fluid to test for genetic disorders or lung maturity. Recent research also shows amniotic fluid contains stem cells with potential therapeutic applications.
Amniotic fluid disorder prof.salah
The document discusses amniocentesis, which involves extracting a small amount of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac using ultrasound guidance to analyze fetal cells for chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, and lung maturity. Amniocentesis allows for diagnosis of conditions like Down syndrome and helps assess risks from factors like advanced maternal age or family history. While generally low risk, potential complications include abortion and uterine infection in rare cases.
Oligohydramnios
This document discusses disorders of amniotic fluid, specifically oligohydramnios. It defines oligohydramnios as amniotic fluid volume less than the 5th percentile for gestational age or an amniotic fluid index less than 5. The incidence is 0.5-5% and causes can be fetal, maternal, or placental in nature. Diagnosis is made through ultrasound measurement of the amniotic fluid index or single vertical pocket. Management depends on the cause, gestational age, and fetal status, and may include hydration, monitoring with serial ultrasounds, induction of labor or C-section, and amniotic fluid replacement through amnioinfusion in some cases.
Polyhydramios
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, defined as over 2000 ml. It can be caused by fetal issues like congenital anomalies that impact swallowing or by maternal diabetes. Clinical signs include a fundal height higher than gestational age and a tense, cystic uterus that makes fetal parts difficult to feel. Management depends on the severity and chronicity, with acute cases warranting early rupture of membranes and chronic cases involving expectant management with potential termination if not improved. Complications can be maternal like preterm labor or fetal like prematurity.
Abnormality of amniotic fluid and cord
The document discusses amniotic fluid, the umbilical cord, and abnormalities related to each. It describes:
- The sources and composition of amniotic fluid and how it protects and nourishes the fetus.
- Abnormalities like polyhydramnios (excess fluid) and oligohydramnios (low fluid) along with their causes and complications.
- The structure and functions of the umbilical cord in connecting the fetus to the placenta, as well as cord abnormalities that can impact the fetus like true knots.
- Placental abnormalities such as placenta accreta that involve abnormal attachment and can cause serious bleeding during delivery.
Amniotic flud
This document provides information about amniotic fluid development:
- Amniotic fluid is contained within the amniotic sac and is derived from both maternal circulation and fetal parts. It is composed primarily of water but also contains small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, and cells.
- The volume of amniotic fluid increases throughout pregnancy, starting at around 30 ml at 10 weeks and reaching 800-1000 ml by 36-38 weeks. It is replaced every 3 hours through production from the amniotic membranes and fetal urine.
- Amniotic fluid serves important functions like cushioning the fetus, maintaining temperature, and allowing freedom of movement. Analysis of amniotic fluid
Advances in amniotic fluid detection
The document discusses various challenges in diagnosing premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Current diagnostic methods like nitrazine tests, ferning tests, ultrasound and amniotic dye infusion are inaccurate or invasive. There is a need for an easy and accurate diagnostic test to correctly identify PROM and prevent misdiagnoses that can harm both mother and baby. Research into proteins in amniotic fluid showed promise but failed to produce a reliable diagnostic due to variability between patients. The problems of inaccurate or difficult testing for PROM remain unresolved.
Oligohydramnios by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s.
• Oligohydramnios refers to amniotic fluid volume that is less than expected for gestational age. It is typically diagnosed by ultrasound examination and may be described qualitatively (eg, reduced amniotic fluid volume) or quantitatively (eg, amniotic fluid index ≤5 cm, single deepest pocket <2 cm).
• Oligohydramnios may be idiopathic or have a maternal, fetal, or placental cause The fetal prognosis depends on several factors, including the underlying cause, the severity (reduced versus no amniotic fluid), and the gestational age at which oligohydramnios occurs. Because an adequate volume of amniotic fluid is critical to normal fetal movement and lung development and for cushioning the fetus and umbilical cord from uterine compression, pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios from any cause are at risk for fetal deformation, pulmonary hypoplasia, and umbilical cord compression.
• Oligohydramnios is associated with an increased risk for fetal or neonatal death, which may be related to the underlying cause of the reduced amniotic fluid volume or due to sequelae of the reduced amniotic fluid volume.
• This topic will discuss issues related to oligohydramnios. Methods of amniotic fluid volume assessment are reviewed separately.
• Oligohydramnios occurs when the amniotic fluid is < 5th centile for gestational age.
• The most common causes are premature rupture of membranes (often missed by the mother) and placental insufficiency, however structural abnormalities such as renal agenesis should be considered.
• Prognosis is linked to gestation at diagnosis and likely development of pulmonary hypoplasia and premature delivery.
• Treatment is by optimising gestation of delivery
Amniotic fluid & its disorders
Amniotic fluid is the fluid surrounding the fetus within the amniotic sac. It serves several important functions, including allowing room for fetal growth and movement, ingestion for development, and protecting the fetus from trauma. Abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid can be diagnosed through ultrasound measurement of the amniotic fluid index or deepest vertical pool. Polyhydramnios, an excessive amount of fluid, can cause complications for both mother and fetus like preterm delivery. Oligohydramnios, a deficiency of fluid, increases risks like fetal distress, deformities, and malformations. Management depends on the cause, gestational age, severity, and fetal well-being and may include increased monitoring, induction of
Aminiotic Fluid and Human Milk
The document discusses amniotic fluid, which surrounds the fetus in the amniotic sac during pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is produced by the placenta and fetus's kidneys and allows for fetal movement, temperature regulation, and lung development. The chemical composition and volume of amniotic fluid changes throughout pregnancy and can provide information about fetal health and development. Amniocentesis is performed to collect amniotic fluid samples for analysis.
Oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios
this presentation highlights the abnormalities in liquor around the fetus in utero, good for undergraduates and postgraduates of obstetrics and gynaecology.
amniotic fluid analysis
Amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrients for the developing fetus. Analysis of amniotic fluid obtained through amniocentesis can be used to assess fetal lung maturity, detect fetal distress, and screen for genetic and infectious disorders. Tests of amniotic fluid measure surfactant levels, bilirubin levels, and concentrations of proteins like alpha-fetoprotein to evaluate lung development and identify issues like hemorrhage or neural tube defects. Precise collection and rapid processing of amniotic fluid specimens is important for obtaining accurate test results.
Amniotic fluid
The document discusses amniotic fluid analysis. It notes that amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus, provides protection, and allows for exchange of chemicals. Amniocentesis allows collection of amniotic fluid for analysis to assess fetal maturity and lung maturity, detect congenital disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, and diagnose conditions like cystic fibrosis or hemolytic disease. Analysis of amniotic fluid components like creatinine, lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, bilirubin, and alpha-fetoprotein can provide diagnostic information about fetal health and development.
Aph, abruptio placenta
Antepartum hemorrhare is bleeing from or into genital tract after period of viability.
Most common cause is Placenta Previa and Abruption.Rest are lesion in cervix, infection ,cacx and vasa previa.
2 polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios is an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus that can be seen on ultrasound imaging. Signs of polyhydramnios include seeing a fetus surrounded by large amounts of amniotic fluid and visualizing floating fetal extremities within the fluid. Common causes are maternal diabetes mellitus which can lead to high levels of amniotic fluid around the fetus.
Abruptio placentae (accidental haemorrhage)
Polyhydramnios is defined as an excessive amount of amniotic fluid over 2000 ml and occurs in about 1 in 200 pregnancies. Oligohydramnios is defined as a decreased amount of amniotic fluid and can be caused by fetal abnormalities, premature rupture of membranes, or maternal conditions like diabetes. Together these conditions involve abnormalities in the normal amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
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Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, which is normally 500-1500ml at term. It is diagnosed clinically or via ultrasound. Causes include maternal diabetes or fetal abnormalities. Management depends on if the excess fluid is acute or chronic, and involves bed rest, ultrasound, draining fluid via needle if fetus is normal, or inducing labor. Oligohydramnios is the opposite condition of low amniotic fluid which can be associated with fetal abnormalities and complications like preterm labor and death.
Amniotic fluid
1. Amniotic fluid is produced by the fetus urinating and respiratory secretions into the amniotic sac. It allows room for fetal growth and protects the fetus from trauma.
2. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume include oligohydramnios (low volume) and polyhydramnios (high volume). Oligohydramnios can cause fetal deformities and pulmonary hypoplasia while polyhydramnios increases risks of preterm labor and fetal malpresentation.
3. Causes of the abnormalities include fetal anomalies, maternal diabetes, and premature rupture of membranes. Management involves monitoring for complications, treating any underlying causes, and possibly inducing labor if fetal lung
Amniotic fluid ultrasound
This document discusses amniotic fluid assessment in ultrasound examinations. It provides details on qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating amniotic fluid volume using methods like the maximum vertical pocket measurement and amniotic fluid index. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume can indicate issues like premature rupture of membranes or fetal growth restrictions. Causes of variations in amniotic fluid are discussed, along with criteria for determining normal versus abnormal fluid levels. Measurement techniques and ranges for oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are also outlined.
Oligohydramnios
Oligohydramnios is defined as a reduction in amniotic fluid volume below 500 ml, and in rare cases there may be a complete absence of fluid known as anhydramnios. It occurs in approximately 1 in 750 pregnancies and can be caused by placental insufficiency, urinary tract malformations in the fetus, or post-term pregnancy. Ultrasound is used to diagnose oligohydramnios and identify any fetal anomalies, growth problems, or the fetal presentation. Complications include pulmonary hypoplasia if the fluid is needed for lung development, abnormal fetal development due to compression, and abnormal fetal presentations. Management depends on if it occurs post-term, in which case
Amniotic fluid do
This document discusses amniotic fluid disorders including polyhydramnious and oligohydramnious. It describes how normal amniotic fluid levels change throughout pregnancy, peaking at 38 weeks. The two main abnormalities are defined as polyhydramnious (excess amniotic fluid over 2000ml) and oligohydramnious (less than 300-500ml at term). Causes, signs/symptoms, complications and management are described for each condition. Preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, and preterm labor are also summarized.
Amniotic fluid ppt
The amniotic fluid protects and nourishes the developing fetus in the womb. It cushions the fetus, regulates temperature, and allows for lung and muscle development through movement. The fluid is produced both by the mother's blood plasma passing through the fetal membranes and by fetal urine after the kidneys develop around 15-25 weeks. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume can impact fetal and birth outcomes. Too little fluid (oligohydramnios) or too much (polyhydramnios) present risks, while the fluid is carefully monitored through the pregnancy via ultrasound.
10.sakina amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus in the amniotic sac during pregnancy. It serves several important purposes, such as allowing fetal movement, screening for malformations, and assessing lung maturity. The amniotic fluid volume is normally maintained through a balance of fetal urine output, lung/skin secretions, and reabsorption, but can decrease in cases of restricted growth or complications. Amniocentesis allows sampling of amniotic fluid to test for genetic disorders or lung maturity. Recent research also shows amniotic fluid contains stem cells with potential therapeutic applications.
Amniotic fluid disorder prof.salah
The document discusses amniocentesis, which involves extracting a small amount of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac using ultrasound guidance to analyze fetal cells for chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, and lung maturity. Amniocentesis allows for diagnosis of conditions like Down syndrome and helps assess risks from factors like advanced maternal age or family history. While generally low risk, potential complications include abortion and uterine infection in rare cases.
Oligohydramnios
This document discusses disorders of amniotic fluid, specifically oligohydramnios. It defines oligohydramnios as amniotic fluid volume less than the 5th percentile for gestational age or an amniotic fluid index less than 5. The incidence is 0.5-5% and causes can be fetal, maternal, or placental in nature. Diagnosis is made through ultrasound measurement of the amniotic fluid index or single vertical pocket. Management depends on the cause, gestational age, and fetal status, and may include hydration, monitoring with serial ultrasounds, induction of labor or C-section, and amniotic fluid replacement through amnioinfusion in some cases.
Polyhydramios
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, defined as over 2000 ml. It can be caused by fetal issues like congenital anomalies that impact swallowing or by maternal diabetes. Clinical signs include a fundal height higher than gestational age and a tense, cystic uterus that makes fetal parts difficult to feel. Management depends on the severity and chronicity, with acute cases warranting early rupture of membranes and chronic cases involving expectant management with potential termination if not improved. Complications can be maternal like preterm labor or fetal like prematurity.
Abnormality of amniotic fluid and cord
The document discusses amniotic fluid, the umbilical cord, and abnormalities related to each. It describes:
- The sources and composition of amniotic fluid and how it protects and nourishes the fetus.
- Abnormalities like polyhydramnios (excess fluid) and oligohydramnios (low fluid) along with their causes and complications.
- The structure and functions of the umbilical cord in connecting the fetus to the placenta, as well as cord abnormalities that can impact the fetus like true knots.
- Placental abnormalities such as placenta accreta that involve abnormal attachment and can cause serious bleeding during delivery.
Amniotic flud
This document provides information about amniotic fluid development:
- Amniotic fluid is contained within the amniotic sac and is derived from both maternal circulation and fetal parts. It is composed primarily of water but also contains small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, and cells.
- The volume of amniotic fluid increases throughout pregnancy, starting at around 30 ml at 10 weeks and reaching 800-1000 ml by 36-38 weeks. It is replaced every 3 hours through production from the amniotic membranes and fetal urine.
- Amniotic fluid serves important functions like cushioning the fetus, maintaining temperature, and allowing freedom of movement. Analysis of amniotic fluid
Advances in amniotic fluid detection
The document discusses various challenges in diagnosing premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Current diagnostic methods like nitrazine tests, ferning tests, ultrasound and amniotic dye infusion are inaccurate or invasive. There is a need for an easy and accurate diagnostic test to correctly identify PROM and prevent misdiagnoses that can harm both mother and baby. Research into proteins in amniotic fluid showed promise but failed to produce a reliable diagnostic due to variability between patients. The problems of inaccurate or difficult testing for PROM remain unresolved.
Oligohydramnios by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s.
• Oligohydramnios refers to amniotic fluid volume that is less than expected for gestational age. It is typically diagnosed by ultrasound examination and may be described qualitatively (eg, reduced amniotic fluid volume) or quantitatively (eg, amniotic fluid index ≤5 cm, single deepest pocket <2 cm).
• Oligohydramnios may be idiopathic or have a maternal, fetal, or placental cause The fetal prognosis depends on several factors, including the underlying cause, the severity (reduced versus no amniotic fluid), and the gestational age at which oligohydramnios occurs. Because an adequate volume of amniotic fluid is critical to normal fetal movement and lung development and for cushioning the fetus and umbilical cord from uterine compression, pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios from any cause are at risk for fetal deformation, pulmonary hypoplasia, and umbilical cord compression.
• Oligohydramnios is associated with an increased risk for fetal or neonatal death, which may be related to the underlying cause of the reduced amniotic fluid volume or due to sequelae of the reduced amniotic fluid volume.
• This topic will discuss issues related to oligohydramnios. Methods of amniotic fluid volume assessment are reviewed separately.
• Oligohydramnios occurs when the amniotic fluid is < 5th centile for gestational age.
• The most common causes are premature rupture of membranes (often missed by the mother) and placental insufficiency, however structural abnormalities such as renal agenesis should be considered.
• Prognosis is linked to gestation at diagnosis and likely development of pulmonary hypoplasia and premature delivery.
• Treatment is by optimising gestation of delivery
Amniotic fluid & its disorders
Amniotic fluid is the fluid surrounding the fetus within the amniotic sac. It serves several important functions, including allowing room for fetal growth and movement, ingestion for development, and protecting the fetus from trauma. Abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid can be diagnosed through ultrasound measurement of the amniotic fluid index or deepest vertical pool. Polyhydramnios, an excessive amount of fluid, can cause complications for both mother and fetus like preterm delivery. Oligohydramnios, a deficiency of fluid, increases risks like fetal distress, deformities, and malformations. Management depends on the cause, gestational age, severity, and fetal well-being and may include increased monitoring, induction of
Aminiotic Fluid and Human Milk
The document discusses amniotic fluid, which surrounds the fetus in the amniotic sac during pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is produced by the placenta and fetus's kidneys and allows for fetal movement, temperature regulation, and lung development. The chemical composition and volume of amniotic fluid changes throughout pregnancy and can provide information about fetal health and development. Amniocentesis is performed to collect amniotic fluid samples for analysis.
Oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios
this presentation highlights the abnormalities in liquor around the fetus in utero, good for undergraduates and postgraduates of obstetrics and gynaecology.
amniotic fluid analysis
Amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrients for the developing fetus. Analysis of amniotic fluid obtained through amniocentesis can be used to assess fetal lung maturity, detect fetal distress, and screen for genetic and infectious disorders. Tests of amniotic fluid measure surfactant levels, bilirubin levels, and concentrations of proteins like alpha-fetoprotein to evaluate lung development and identify issues like hemorrhage or neural tube defects. Precise collection and rapid processing of amniotic fluid specimens is important for obtaining accurate test results.
Amniotic fluid
The document discusses amniotic fluid analysis. It notes that amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus, provides protection, and allows for exchange of chemicals. Amniocentesis allows collection of amniotic fluid for analysis to assess fetal maturity and lung maturity, detect congenital disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, and diagnose conditions like cystic fibrosis or hemolytic disease. Analysis of amniotic fluid components like creatinine, lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, bilirubin, and alpha-fetoprotein can provide diagnostic information about fetal health and development.
Aph, abruptio placenta
Antepartum hemorrhare is bleeing from or into genital tract after period of viability.
Most common cause is Placenta Previa and Abruption.Rest are lesion in cervix, infection ,cacx and vasa previa.
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Oligohydramnios by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s.
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2 polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios is an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus that can be seen on ultrasound imaging. Signs of polyhydramnios include seeing a fetus surrounded by large amounts of amniotic fluid and visualizing floating fetal extremities within the fluid. Common causes are maternal diabetes mellitus which can lead to high levels of amniotic fluid around the fetus.
Abruptio placentae (accidental haemorrhage)
Polyhydramnios is defined as an excessive amount of amniotic fluid over 2000 ml and occurs in about 1 in 200 pregnancies. Oligohydramnios is defined as a decreased amount of amniotic fluid and can be caused by fetal abnormalities, premature rupture of membranes, or maternal conditions like diabetes. Together these conditions involve abnormalities in the normal amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
Amniotic fluid disorder
This document discusses amniotic fluid disorders including polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios. It defines polyhydramnios as excessive amniotic fluid over 2 liters and oligohydramnios as diminished fluid under 500 ml. Causes, diagnosis, and complications are described for each condition. Polyhydramnios can be caused by fetal abnormalities or diabetes and risks preterm labor and cord problems. Oligohydramnios risks pulmonary hypoplasia and deformities from compression and is often caused by renal issues. Management may include treating underlying issues, monitoring fetal wellbeing, and amnioinfusion.
Oligohydramnios
The document discusses oligohydramnios, which is defined as a low volume of amniotic fluid. It describes the normal physiology of amniotic fluid, including inflow from fetal urine and swallowing and outflow from the lungs and membranes. Causes of oligohydramnios include premature rupture of membranes, fetal abnormalities, restricted growth, and maternal conditions like preeclampsia. Ultrasound is used to diagnose oligohydramnios by measuring the amniotic fluid index or single deepest pocket. Management depends on the etiology and gestational age but may include increased fluid intake, monitoring, induction of labor, or amnioinfusion during labor.
Polyhydramnios
This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid, during pregnancy. It defines polyhydramnios as an amniotic fluid index greater than 25 cm or a single vertical pocket over 8 cm. Common causes include fetal anomalies, placental tumors, multiple pregnancies, and maternal diabetes. Chronic polyhydramnios presents with abdominal swelling while acute cases are rarer and can be caused by twin-twin transfusion syndrome or large placental tumors. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and complications for both mother and baby must be monitored and managed.
Polihidramnios y oligohidramnios
El polihidramnios y el oligohidramnios son anormalidades en la cantidad de líquido amniótico. El polihidramnios se caracteriza por un exceso de líquido amniótico, generalmente asociado a factores fetales o maternos. El oligohidramnios implica un volumen bajo de líquido que puede causar hipoplasia pulmonar fetal. Ambos requieren evaluación del embarazo y tratamiento de la causa subyacente.
Polihidramnios - Oligohidramnios
El líquido amniótico es un líquido claro que rodea al feto durante el embarazo y contiene en el saco amniótico. Tiene funciones como proteger al feto de traumatismos, prevenir infecciones, y ayudar en el desarrollo pulmonar fetal. El volumen normal varía durante el embarazo, pero un aumento anormal se conoce como polihidramnios. Las causas incluyen diabetes materna, malformaciones fetales, y problemas placentarios o cromosómicos.
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AMNIOTIC FLUID DISORDERS.pptx
The document discusses amniotic fluid disorders. It provides information on:
1. The normal functions and composition of amniotic fluid, which cushions the fetus and allows for growth and development.
2. Clinical conditions related to abnormal amniotic fluid levels, including polyhydramnios (excess fluid) and oligohydramnios (low fluid).
3. Causes, diagnosis, and management of polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios. Polyhydramnios can be caused by fetal anomalies or diabetes and managed with bed rest or induction. Oligohydramnios can affect lung development and be caused by renal issues.
amniotic fluid normal and abnormal
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polyhydramnios.pptx
Polyhydramnios is a medical condition characterized by an excessive amount of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. It occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 pregnancies. The causes can include fetal anomalies, placenta abnormalities, multiple pregnancies, and maternal health conditions like diabetes. Polyhydramnios is classified as chronic or acute based on the speed of onset and may cause maternal symptoms like dyspnea and leg edema. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal well-being by examining amniotic fluid levels, fetal positioning, and checking for abnormalities. Management depends on gestational age, treatment response, and complications, and may involve amniocentesis, induction of labor, or termination
Hydraminos
This document discusses hydrops fetalis, which is a condition where excess amniotic fluid accumulation (over 2000ml) occurs in the fetus. It summarizes potential causes of hydrops fetalis including fetal anomalies like anencephaly or open spina bifida, placental abnormalities like chorioangioma, or maternal conditions like diabetes. Signs and symptoms in the mother include edema, abdominal distension, and difficulty hearing the fetal heartbeat. Diagnosis involves ultrasound to check for fetal anomalies or multiple pregnancies. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause and monitoring for potential maternal complications during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum like preeclampsia, malpresentation, and infection. Fetal risks include prematurity and congen
amniotic fluid disorder
This document discusses amniotic fluid disorders, including polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid) and oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid). For polyhydramnios, it defines it as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) over 24cm or deepest vertical pocket over 8cm. Causes include fetal anomalies, placental chorioangiomas, multiple pregnancies, and maternal diabetes. Management includes monitoring, treating the underlying cause if known, and amnioreduction for severe cases. Oligohydramnios is defined as an AFI under 5cm or pocket under 2cm. Causes are fetal issues like anomalies or maternal factors like hypertension. Risks
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Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, defined as over 2000 ml. It occurs in 1 in 1000 pregnancies and can be caused by fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, maternal diabetes or other conditions. It is classified as chronic or acute based on onset. Chronic polyhydramnios may cause dyspnea and edema in the mother. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and assess fetal presentation. Complications include preterm labor and delivery. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, investigating the cause, and addressing complications through bed rest, induction of labor, or termination of pregnancy if indicated.
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This document provides an overview of complications that can arise during pregnancy and nursing care considerations. It discusses high risk pregnancies related to medical conditions, infections, bleeding disorders, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, anemia and more. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for signs and symptoms, educating patients, administering treatments and supporting women through complications.
Pediatric Nursing
The document discusses various complications that can occur during pregnancy including high risk conditions, infections, medical disorders, and bleeding disorders. It provides assessment and treatment guidelines for complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta previa, and TORCH infections. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for signs and symptoms, educating patients, and supporting women through high risk pregnancies.
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This document discusses amniotic fluid disorders including hydramnios (polyhydramnios) and oligohydramnios. It defines each condition and describes their causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management approaches. Hydramnios is excessive amniotic fluid, typically defined as a maximum vertical pocket >8 cm or AFI >25 cm. It can be caused by fetal anomalies, multiple gestation, diabetes, or other maternal/placental conditions. Oligohydramnios is deficient amniotic fluid (<2 cm pocket or AFI <5 cm) and can result from fetal renal issues, ruptured membranes, or restricted growth. Ultrasound is key to diagnosis
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This document discusses polyhydramnios, or excess amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It begins with definitions of polyhydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volumes. It then covers the physiology of amniotic fluid, causes of excess fluid including fetal anomalies and diabetes, signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain and shortness of breath, methods of diagnosis including ultrasound, and potential complications for both mother and fetus like preterm birth and cord prolapse. Treatment options discussed include bed rest, amniocentesis to reduce fluid levels, and ultimately delivery. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, providing nutrition, and counseling the family.
Polyhydramnios
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This document discusses several abnormalities that can occur during the postpartum period, known as the puerperium. It defines puerperal pyrexia as a temperature over 100°F occurring on two occasions within the first 10 days postpartum. Puerperal sepsis is defined as an infection of the genital tract occurring as a complication of delivery. Common causes of infection include bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Risk factors, signs and symptoms, treatments and management strategies are described for various postpartum infections and other issues like subinvolution, urinary tract infection, breast engorgement, and cracked nipples.
POLYHYDRAMNIOS AND OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS.ppt
This document discusses amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy. It defines polyhydramnios as over 2000cc of amniotic fluid and provides potential causes such as fetal anomalies, diabetes, and multiples. Symptoms in the mother include dyspnea and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is made through ultrasound. Oligohydramnios is defined as under 5cc and can be caused by postdates, fetal anomalies, or restricted growth. It carries risks of fetal malformations and respiratory issues at birth.
34989_POLYHYDRAMNIOS AND OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS.ppt
This document discusses amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy. It defines polyhydramnios as over 2000cc of amniotic fluid and provides potential causes such as fetal anomalies, diabetes, and multiples. Symptoms in the mother include dyspnea and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is made through ultrasound. Oligohydramnios is defined as under 5cc and can be caused by postdates, fetal anomalies, or restricted growth. It carries risks of fetal malformations and respiratory issues at birth.
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Obstateric emergencies
Ambo University's College of Health Sciences document outlines several obstetric emergencies including hyperemesis gravidarum, premature rupture of membranes, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. It describes the definition, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, complications and management of each condition. The document provides medical students and health professionals with an overview of major issues that can arise before, during, and after delivery that require emergency treatment.
obestateric emergency
Ambo University's College of Health Sciences document outlines several obstetric emergencies including hyperemesis gravidarum, premature rupture of membranes, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. It describes the definition, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, complications and management of each condition. The document provides medical students and health professionals with an overview of major issues that can arise before, during, and after delivery that require emergency treatment.
Obstateric emergencies
This document provides an outline and overview of common obstetric emergencies. It discusses conditions that can occur before, during, and after delivery including hyperemesis gravidarum, premature rupture of membranes, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia, abruptio placenta, obstructed labor, uterine rupture, cord prolapse, retained placenta, placenta accreta, and cervical injuries. For each condition, it describes key details like definition, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and management considerations. The document is from the College of Health Sciences at Ambo University in Ethiopia and aims to educate medical students and practitioners about managing these potential pregnancy complications.
Jeff Rundio, DO- OB Board Review 2014 - ARMC Emergency Medicine
This document summarizes several key physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and some common complications. It notes increased cardiac output, blood volume, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. Common complications discussed include vaginal bleeding, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, abruptio placentae, placenta previa, uterine rupture, preeclampsia, postpartum bleeding, endometritis, and mastitis. It provides diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for evaluating and treating these complications.
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2polyhydramnios
- 2. Polyhydramnios is defined as a state where liquor amnii exceeds 2000 ml or when A.F.I. is more than 24-25 cm or a single pocket of amniotic fluid is greater than 8 cm by ultrasonography. Incidence: 1% to 2 % of the cases Causes Maternal (15%) Rh iso-immunization DM Placental (less than 1%) Placental chorioangioma Circumvallate placental syndrome Fetal (18%) Multiple pregnancies Fetal anomalies Idiopathic (65%)
- 3. Clinical types: Depending on the rapidity of onset hydramnios can be Acute – rare – appear in a matter of few days Chronic – more common 10 times more commoner to acute appear in a matter of few months
- 4. Routine OBH History suggestive of Rh iso- immunization such as still birth, fetal hydrops, jaundice in new born requiring exchange transfusion etc. History suggestive of DM – Previous big baby fetal death at 35 weeks, classical symptoms of DM like polyurea, polydypsia, polyphagia History of Drug intake especially in First trimester History of Previous fetal anomalies like Anencephaly-risk of recurrence is 2%
- 5. Acute Polyhydramnios: Onset is acute usually occurs before 20 weeks of pregnancy and presents usually with symptoms and labour starts before 28 weeks of pregnancy. It may present as Acute abdomen - abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting Breathlessness which increases on lying down position Palpitation Oedema of legs, varicosities in legs, vulva and hemorroids Signs: Patient looks ill, with out features of shock Oedema of legs with signs of PIH Abdomen unduly enlarged with shiny skin Fluid thrill may be present Internal examination shows taking up of cervix or even dilatation with bulging membranes
- 6. Chronic Polyhydramnios: More common than acute 10% more common Since accumulation of liquor is gradual and so patient may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Symptoms are mainly due to mechanical causes Dyspnoea is more in supine position Palpitation Oedema Oliguria may result from ureteral obstruction by enlarged uterus Pre-eclampsia 25 %( oedema, hypertension and proteinuria)
- 7. Signs GPE Patient may be dyspnoic at rest Pedal Oedema Evidence of PIH Abdominal examination Inspection Abdomen is markedly enlarged globular with fullness in flanks Skin over the abdomen is tense shiny with large striae Palpation Height of uterus is more than the corresponding periods of Amenorrhoea Abdominal girth is more Fetal parts cannot be well defined external ballotment is more easily elicited Malpresentations are more common and presenting part is usually high up Fluid thrill is present Auscultation Fetal heart sounds are not heard distinctly
- 8. Internal examination : Cervix is pulled up May be sometimes dilated and admits tip of finger through which bag of membranes which is tense is felt. At times patient may present with complications like Pre ecclampsia PROM Preterm labour Placental abruption Cord prolapse