2. Scientists who search for human origins
• Archeologists excavate early
settlements & study
evidence (artifacts, bones)
• Anthropologist
study culture
thru artifacts
• Paleontologists
study fossils
4. • Artifacts - human made
objects such as tools &
jewelry (can tell us how
people dressed, worked or
worshipped)
• Culture-people’s unique
way of life
7. • LUCY (complete skull of an
female adult hominid who
lived 3.5 mil yrs ago)
found by Donald Johanson
in Ethiopia in 1974
8. • 1978 near Laetoli
Tanzania, Mary Leakey
found
prehistoric
footprints
made 3.6 mil
years ago
9. • Prints left by
australopithecines (human
like beings) aka:
• Hominids, a group that
includes humans & other
species that walk upright.
They dev opposable
thumbs (crucial to
make tools, hold
objects)
10. • Paleolithic or Old Stone Age
(2.5 mil to 8000 BC) had:
a. invention of tools
b. Dev of
language
c. Mastery
of fire
*AKA the Ice Age
as glaciers advanced & retreated
11. • Neolithic Age or New Stone
Age(8000 to 3000 BC)
a. People learned to make
polished stone
tools
b. make pottery,
c. grow crops
d. raise animals
12.
13. • Homo hablis: 2.5 -1.5 mil
years ago
a. found in East Africa
(Olduvai gorge)
b. made
crude
Stone
tools
14. • Homo erectus: 1.6 mil yrs-
30,000
a. migrated from Africa to
Asia, Eur & India
b. 1st to use, fire, dev tech,
skilled hunters,
beginning
of spoken
language
15. Homo-sapiens (modern
humans) have larger brains
& include:
Neanderthals: 200,000-
30,000 years ago in Euro &
SW asia
• Dev ritual burials,
religious beliefs,
built shelters,
made tools
16. • Homo sapiens also include:
• Cro-Magnons-
• 40,000 years ago
• 5.5 feet tall
• Planned hunts
• Spoken language
• Same as modern
humans physically
17.
18. • Dinosaurs lived during the Mesozoic Era, began
245 million years ago & lasted180 million years.
TRIASSIC
• 245 to 208 million years ago
* all land on Earth was one large mass called
Pangaea.
• Some reptiles, frogs, turtles & crocodiles existed
earlier, but dinosaurs didn’t appear until late in
the Triassic period.
• first mammals
• Most of the plants that existed were evergreens.
• ended with a mass extinction ):
19. JURASSIC
• 208 to 146 million years ago
• supercontinent continued to break apart
• Dinosaurs flourished
• Herbivores & carnivores increased in size; some
of the largest dinosaurs emerged during the
Jurassic period
• Birdlike dinosaurs first appeared
• Flowering plants began to appear late in the
period
20. • CRETACEOUS
• 146 to 65 million years ago
• Pangaea continued to separate
• A wide variety of dinosaurs roamed the land
• Birds flourished and spread all over the globe
• Flowering plants developed
• Mammals flourished
• Dinosaurs became extinct by the end of the
period. The extinction, the second largest of
all time, marked the end of the Age of Reptiles
and the beginning of the Age of Mammals.
22. • Early people were Nomads
(highly mobile, moved to
search for food)
• Develop technology: ways
• of applying
• knowledge,
• tools &
• inventions to
• meet needs
23. • Used bone, wood, & stone to
create tools (knives, hooks,
needles, harpoons)
• And for weapons: spears,
axe
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhCPm2cjq6Q
24. • Necklaces of claws,
polished bone
• Sculptures
• Cave paintings using paint
from charcoal, mud &
blood
25.
26. • Beginning of Agriculture:
Neolithic Revolution caused
by:
• rising temps led to longer
growing season
• Pop rose, need new sources
of food
• Slash and
burn farming
27. • Domestication (taming) of
animals such as pigs,
horses, dogs, goats (driven
in to be slaughtered, later
raised)
• Farming dev independently
all over world : Africa in
Nile Valley, China in Huang
He, Mexico, Peru
in Andes
30. •How do you
define civilization?
•What are 5 things
you need to have
a civilization?
31. What is a Civilization?
• It is an advanced society that is
highly organized .
• Don’t write: Civilizations are
characterized by:
1. permanent settlements,
2. trade, labor, workers
3. government, laws, religion &
social hierarchy
4. written language,
5. achievement in technology,
art & architecture.
32. • Stable communities dev
based on agriculture
• food surpluses (thanks to
irrigation, tools) allow other
skills to develop
• Trade dev w/ new products
created (wheel and sail
allow goods to move over
long distances)
33.
34. 5 Characteristics
1. Advanced Cities/Settlements
• Not just size of pop
• City is center of trade for
large area (market for
goods)
*Buildings
w/ defined
purpose
35. 5 Characteristics
2. Specialized Workers
• Specialization: dev of skills
in a specific kind of work
• surplus of food allowed
people to become experts
in other areas.
• Artisans: skilled
workers who make goods by
hand
36. 5 Characteristics
• Institution: long lasting
pattern of organization in
a community
• Examples include govt,
religion & economy
• Need to maintain order &
est laws
.3. Complex Institutions (govt/Religion)
37.
38. 4. Record Keeping
• As govt, econ & religion get
more complex, people
needed way to keep
records. (taxes, laws,
rituals etc)
• Most develop
system of writing
• Later write about
dramatic events
39. 5. Improved Technology
• New tools & techniques
needed to solve problems
Ex: plows, pottery wheels
• Change from stone &
copper to bronze
• Art &
architecture
develop
40. • Social classes (w/ wealth,
power, influence) emerge as
special groups of workers
form
• Religion more organized w/
gods/goddesses who they
believed had power over
nature
• Rituals & traditions develop
58. • What similarities do you
see between the paintings?
• How are they similar or
different to modern day
public murals?
• Why do you think they used
cave walls for the
paintings?
59. • Create 2 cave paintings of your own.
• First should show the culture of
CCHS
• The other should show future
observers about what is important to
the average teen in today's world!!
• For each, provide a detailed
explanation of what YOU are
showing in each painting and why you
used it!!
60. How would civilization be
different?
• What if agriculture had never been
invented?
• What if cities had never been
invented?
• What if fire had not been
controlled?
• What if writing had never been
invented?
62. 1. Pick up a card sheet, It’s in the Cards,
a piece of paper, glue & scissors
2. Read the Visitor page & answer the ???
3. Cut out the cards. Organize them in
the order you think civilization
developed.
4. Have me check them. Glue them to a
piece of paper.
5. Last, fill in characteristics of the
civilization on the It’s in the Cards
sheet. Each card will fit into a spot
(summarize it)
63. Getting to know the land
1. List items we need & how people meet
those needs to survive on What Do We
Need?
2. List the advantages/ disadvantages of
each landform on back
3. Now, imagine you are a bunch of
nomads. Pick a map where your group
would settle. Pay attention to the key.
4. Now answer Taking Stock of my
Stakes based off of your choice!
64. Specialized workers
1. With a partner, fill in the items needed
to produce a house
2. Next, complete the Help Wanted
section
3. Then, address Making the Connections
4. Finally answer these two questions on
the back:
a. Explain WHY labor is often
specialized in a civilization?
b. How do peoples jobs relate to their
status in society?
65. Resources!
1. Get in groups of 4 & pair off. Pick
up Why They Starve, 2 copies of Rules
of the Game, 1 game board/envelope
2. Read why they starve & answer the ?s.
3. Follow the directions on Rules of the Game
(cut out pieces,color/label each teams tokens,
pull cards out of envelope)
4. Play the game & follow rules
5. Finally, answer the debriefing
the game as a group!
(in sentences!) & put cars back in
envelope. Return it & game board
66. Governments!
1. Law of the Land: check out some of
Hammurabi’s law. Put a + if they are
good, – if they are bad & a ? if you
don’t know!
2. Next, Shipwrecked! How would your
group establish laws & maintain order!
3. You be the Judge:
Why do we need the
different aspects of
govt? Discuss & answer
with your group
