This document provides information about the Earth's physical characteristics and relief. It discusses the structure of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. It also describes tectonic plates and continental drift. Various forms of surface relief are defined, such as plains, plateaus, mountains, depressions, and valleys. Undersea landforms like oceanic ridges, trenches, and abyssal plains are also explained. Finally, different coastal relief features are defined, like beaches, capes, gulfs, estuaries, fjords, peninsulas, deltas, and cliffs. Activities at the end instruct students to match terms to their definitions from the content that was covered.

1. UNIT 2: THE EARTH'S PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS

2. WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW
ABOUT...?
●HowtheEarth'sreliefisformed?
●Accordingtorelief,whatkindofreliefMadridhas?
●Couldyouname3formsofreliefinthecoast?
●WhydidtakeplaceanearthquakeinMexicolastSeptember?
Mexico's Earthquake

3. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
VOCABULARY:
CRUST – CORTEZA
MANTLE – MANTO
OUTER CORE – NÚCLEO EXTERNO
INNER CORE – NÚCLEO INTERNO
EARTH'S STRUCTURE
EARTH'S STRUCTURE

4. LITHOSPHERE
●Litosphere:ismadeupofthecrustandtheupperpartofthemantle.Itsfeaturesare:
–ITISFRAGMENTEDINTOLARGEBLOCKScalled:TECTONICPLATES.
–IRREGULARITIES:raisedareas,slopes,lowlyingareas.

5. TECTONIC PLATES
●Thedifferentblocksofthecrustmoveontopofthemantlelayer(keepinmindthatthemantleisnotsolid.Partiallymolten→Ma

6. TECTONIC PLATES
IN TOTAL THERE ARE 12 TECTONIC PLATES

7. TECTONIC PLATES

8. DRIFT OF CONTINENTS
200 millions years ago,
continents were joined
forming one continent,
known as: Pangaea.
This continent
fragmented in
continental plates that,
very slow, were moved
from the movements
of the mantle
This theory is known as:
Continental drift, first studied by
Alfred Wegener

9. DRIF OF CONTINENTS

10. CONTINENTS – SEA- ISLANDS
●Whatdoyouthinkislarger...?
–Earth'ssurfaceabovesealevel(continents)
–Earth'ssurfacebellowsealevel(oceansandseas)
(THINK ABOUT) Under what condition the surface bellow
sea level can increase?

11. TYPES OF TERRAIN

12. SURFACE RELIEF. PLAINS
PLAINS: extensive flat areas or gently ondulating land at a low
altutide (less than 200 m.)

13. SURFACE RELIEF: PLATEAUS
PLATEAU: Elevated plains. Located at altitudes of more than
200 m.

14. SURFACE RELIEF. MOUNTAINS
Mountains: Very high
areas of relief, with
steep slopes and an
altitud of more than 600
m.
Some are old (old
massifs) with rounded
forms.
Others are young
mountains and have
pointed forms.
Mountains are grouped
in large groups called :
Range or Sierras.
F. ex: Central Range
Which one
is each
one?

15. SURFACE RELIEF.
DEPRESSIONS
Depressions - Valleys: Sunken areas occured when a block of the
Earth's core sinks. They often are traversed by rivers.

16. SURFACE RELIEF. VALLEYS

17. LANDFORMS BELOW SEA LEVEL
TRY TO MATCH THE TERMS WITH ITS FORM OF RELIEF
ABYSSAL PLAINS CONTINENTAL SHELF OCEANIC TRENCHES
OCEANIC RIDGES CONTINENTAL SLOPE

18. COASTAL RELIEF
Beaches: Flat surfaces found along
the sea shore.

19. COASTAL RELIEF
CAPE: Portion of land extended into a body of water.

20. COASTAL RELIEF
Gulf: Area where the
sea is partially
enclosed by the
land.
Depending on their
shape we can name
them bays (smaller)

21. COASTAL RELIEF
ESTUARIES:rivervalleyswhichhavebeenfloodedbythesea.

22. COASTAL RELIEF
Fjord: Glacial Valleys that have
been flooded by the sea. They
are typical from Norway

23. COASTAL RELIEF
PENINSULA: Extensions of land
sorrounded by water on all sides except
one.
The section of land that links a peninsula
with the continent is called: ISTHMUS

24. COASTAL RELIEF
Delta:isalandformthatformsfromdepositionofsedimentcarriedbyariverastheflowleavesitsmouthandentersslower-movingorstandingwater

25. COASTAL RELIEF
CLIFFS: are vertical rock exposures in the coast.

26. MARIANAS TRENCHE

28. RELIEF COMPETITION
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29. ACTIVIDAD: 1

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31. 3

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