Greece is located in Southeastern Europe, between the Ionian and Aegean Seas. The ancient Greek civilization developed across mountainous terrain and along coastlines. Greece comprised independent city-states called poleis that never formed a unified state. During the Archaic period, the Greeks established colonies across the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The Classical period saw the Greco-Persian wars and Peloponnesian wars between Athens and Sparta. Alexander the Great later conquered the Persian Empire and expanded Greek rule throughout Europe and Asia. Greek culture flourished through advances in architecture, art, philosophy, and the establishment of democracy in some poleis.

1. UNIT 10: GREECE
How much do you know about Greece?
Write as much hashtags as you can about Greece in 2
minutes...

2. Where is Greece located?
THE GREEK TERRITORY
Greece is located at the ______ ______ of _______.
In the __________ sea.
And between three continents: ______________,
______________ and ________________.
The Greek civilization
developed in a large
territory.
Name the actual countries
of the places controled
under the Greeks.
( )

3. THE GREEK TERRITORY
How is the physical relief of Greece? What are the geographical features of Greece?
Name its geographical limits
The Ancient Greek civilisation developed in the south of the Balkan Peninsula in a
__________ terrain, across a range of ______ in the _______ and _______ seas and along
the coast of ________.
Which kind of
map are you
seeing?

4. THE HELLADA: the name that Greeks gave to the geographical space where
they lived. So they considered themselves as Hellenes (Those who lived in
the Hellada). They shared a common culture, spoke the same language and
practised the same religion.
However, they never formed an unified state. They were organised in
independent city-states (poleis).

5. F. Javier Ramos
5
Erecteion
Athena Nike

6. ANCIENT GREECE'S TIMELINE
ARCHAIC PERIOD
CLASSICAL PERIOD HELLENISTIC
PERIOD
800 BC
500 BC 336 BC
30 BC
First
poleis
appeared:
Athens,
Sparta.
Start of the
reign of
Alexander the
Great
Rome
conquers the
hellenistic
monarchies
Greco-Persian Wars
First
Olimpic
Games
Colonisation
Peloponesian War:
Athens Vs Sparta
Conquest of Persia
Conquest of
India

7. THE ARCHAIC PERIOD: 8th-6th centuries BC
Polis were independent city-
states consisting of an
urban centre sorrounded by
agricultural land and
pastures.
Each polis had its own
system of government,
laws, army and currency.
They were also
economically self-sufficien.
The History of Greece began with the formation of
polis. The most important polis were: Athens (in the Attica
region) and Sparta (in the Laconia region). Some
others were: Argos, Corinth, Knossos, Rhodes,
Mycenae, Troy

8. THE ARCHAIC PERIOD: 8th-6th centuries BC
THE COLONISATION
CAUSES:
● Population increased
● Shortage of lands
● Need for raw materials
● Commercial interests
PROCEDURE:
Groups of people set sail from
some polis through the
Mediterranean sea and the Black
sea with the intention to
established settlements or
colonies where to live. In fact,
they were the first large-scale
migrations.
CONSEQUENCES
● Extension of the creek
influence across the
Mediterranean and Black
seas.
● Spread of ironworking,
money, the alphabet...

9. 1) What are the regions where they settled down during the colonistation?
2)Name two colonies of every region.

10. THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 550
BC – 336 BC
The Greatest splendour of the Greek polei,
especially Athens and Sparta. Despite the wars
that broke out: The Greco – Persian wars (490-
480 B.C.)
CAUSE → The Persian Empire wanted to
extend their territories in continental Greece.
Athenian supported Polis in Anatolia.
PROCEDURE → First of all, they defeated the
Greeks alliance in the Thermoylae Battle (300
spartans against the persian army).
Later on, in the Battles of Marathon (490 BC)
and Salamis (480). The Athenian army won.
CONSEQUENCES → The continental Greece
remained under the control of Greeks.
Athens became the most powerful polis in
Greece. And it ruled the Delian League: an
alliance of poleis to prevent Persian attacks.

11. THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 550
BC – 336 BC
Greeks against Greeks: The Peloponnesian
wars (431 – 404 BC)
CAUSE:
Tensions between the poleis that belonged
to the Delian League (Athenian League). As
a result a new group was created led y
Sparta.
The rivalry (competition) between these two
leagues led to a war between Hellenes.
The Peloponnesian war lasted over 27 years
(431-404 BC).
RESULTS:
● Sparta managed to win the war and
impose its hegemony.
● After so many years in war most poleis
were greatly weakened.
● Philip of Macedonia (reign at the north of
the Hellade imposed his rule over the
Greek poleis except from Sparta.

12. ● What were the territories
controlled by the Athenian
Leage?
● Name some poleis from the
Athenian League
● What were the territories
controlled by the Spartan
Leage?
● Name some poleis from the
Spartan League
● What league was supported
by more allies?
● Do you think that the
number of supporters
influenced the victory of the
_______ League?
THE PELOPONNESIAN
WAR

13. THE HELENISTIC PERIOD (338- BC – 30 BC)
As a result of the Peloponnesian war, most poleis were weakened, so king Philip of
Macedonia (territory in the north of the Helade) imposed his rule over all Greek poleis
(except from Sparta)
However, the most most prosperous time in that
period was under the rule of his son: Alexander the
Great (Alejandro Magno).
He carried out a territorial expansion with a huge
army...
ALEXANDER THE GREAT VIDEO

14. ALEXANDER THE GREAT: FACTS
Are these facts about Alexander's life true or
false?
● He was educated by a philosopher: Plato
● His father was killed during a celebration
● He never lost a battle
● He founded the city of Thebes in Egypt.
● Alexander ruled over Asia after defeating the
Persian Empire in Gaugamela battle.
● Alexander was tired of conquering more territories
and he decided to come back to Greece.

15. What were the territories conquered by Alexander The Great?
What were the geographical limits of Alexander's empire?
Can you figure it out why he is called “The Great”?
Look at a current political map and list the names of the modern countries of the
Alexander's empire?

16. POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF THE POLEIS
DEMOCRACY. Adopted by AthensOLIGARCHY. Adopted by mani Greek poleis,
such us Sparta.
-Which of these explanation better suit with each type of government?
● Power is exercised just by aristoi (the best), in which only the richer agriculturers could
decide.
● Government is carried out by the people through an Assembly of Citizens.

17. SPARTA VS ATHENS. TWO DIFFERENT
POLEIS
ATHENS SPARTA
LOCATION
TYPE OF
GOVERNMENT
EDUCATION
WOMEN'S
RIGHTS
DAILY LIFE
SPARTA VS ATHENS
CULTURE
spartan education

18. What does it mean for you the sentence from the
video: “For Spartans new lands proved easier to
win than to rule”

20. SOCIETY IN ANCIENT GREECE
Society was divided into two different social
groups:
CITIZENS NON-CITIZENS
Consisted on free males whose
parents had been born in the
poleis.
● They were the only social
group who could take part in
political decisions
● They had to pay taxes
● They had to serve in the army
Composed by:
• Foreigners (METECS). They
were traders because they
weren’t allowed to own land.
•
• Slaves: prisioners of wars,
or individuals who couldn’t
pay their debts. They worked
in the fields or in domestic
service.
• Women (free-slaves).

21. How can we call this type of society?
Do you think that we could name the first democratic civilization with
such a society?

22. ECONOMY IN
ANCIENT
GREECE
● What are the
economic activities
that you are seeing
in this images
painted in these
pieces of pottery?

23. Greek army. The hoplite and the
phalanx
Hoplite: Hoplites were citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states
who were primarily armed with spears and shields.

24. GREEK RELIGION
● Polytheists
● Their gods lived in Mount Olympus
● They were immortal and had extraordinary powers.
● DEMIGODS – HEROES. They were mortals, they
could perform prodigious deeds. Some examples:
Heracles (Hercules).
● Creation of myths: Legendary story, usually
concerning some goods or heroes, created to
explain some practice, rite, or phenomenon of
nature, that couldn't be explained by reason.
APRHODITE MYTH
CREATION MYTH
CREATION MYTH

25. THE GREEK GOODS

26. THE ORACLES
The greeks could comunicate with gods by oracles.
They aske them to reveal information about the future
by oracles. They were priests and priestesses would
answer on behalf of the gods. The most widely
consulted oracle was in Delphi.

27. GREEK CULTURE
They tried to explain the world using reason.
They also did contributions to sciences as:
Pythagoras → Mathematics
Archimedes → Physics
Erasthostenes
(Geography)

28. THE GREEK ART
● GREEK ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS:
-Material used: marble and stone
-Columns as a support (three orders: DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIAN)
-Post and Lintel roofing
-They built: temples, theatres, arena, stadiums..
Doric ionic Corinthian
DORIC: Simple, without
decoration
IONIC: A bit longer and
decorated with volutes
inspired in scrolls.
CORINTHIAN: Capital
decorated with acanthus
leaves

29. F. Javier Ramos
29
Greek Architecture:
Doric order
VOCABULARY:
A)Column
B)Shaft
C)Capital
D)Architrave
E)Frieze
F)Cornice
G)Pediment
Some parts of the temples
were colored

30. RECONSTRUCTION
OF A GREEK
TEMPLE
Floor plan
Elevation

31. F. Javier Ramos
31
ACROPOLIS of ATHENS
 Scales and a stonned gate
 Parthenon
 Little temple of Athena Nike
 Erecteion

32. F. Javier Ramos
32
The Parthenon: Ictinos & Callicrates

33. What are the architectural elements that you are seeing in
the image?

34. F. Javier Ramos
THEATER of EPIDAURO
(IV Century B.C.)
Grandstand
Scene
Orchestra
Stairs
Portico