Upgrading The Current Client Operating System Desktops And...

Upgrading The Current Client Operating System Desktops And...
Overview
LSDG, the new research and development group, need to upgrade their current client operating system desktops and laptops. They currently have 280
desktops and laptops that are running Windows 7 and 220 desktops and laptops that are running Windows XP. LSDG need a system that will run aLinux
operating system and that will access and share resources with the Linx, LLC's Microsoft Active Directory domain. The domain consists of several
Windows Servers 2012 R2 servers that run various services as DNS, DHCP, web services, Microsoft Active Directory, printing and file sharing.
I believe the best operating system to migrate over to would be the Redhat/CentOS Linux Operating System. This system has features that sets them
apart from all the other Linux distributions. It has advanced technology, simple installation, GUI administration tools, software packaging, and two
desktop environments.The advanced Linux 3.10 kernel technology has updated security, easy installation, easy to manage the Global File Systems
on Fedora. The packaging Redhat software created RPM package management method for Linux. When you are in the process of installing Linux
you can choose what disk to partition and set your desktop to be GUI ready. The shell scripts also are contained in subdirectories or the /etc directory
and will provide messages to you when services have started correctly or have failed to execute. The two desktop environment that Redhat provides
are GNOME and KDE to allow users
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Guis
The innovation is changing every day at the considerable pace it is essential to plan the powerful graphical client interface or GUI, is a kind of
interface that permits clients to cooperate with electronic gadgets through graphical symbols and visual markers, for example, optional documentation,
instead of content based interfaces, wrote order names or content route. GUIs were acquainted in response with the apparent steep expectation to
absorb information of order line interfaces (CLIs), which oblige summons to be written on the console. The activities in a GUI are typically performed
through direct control of the graphical components. Notwithstanding PCs, GUIs can be found close by held gadgets, for example, MP3 players,
versatile media... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Popularization GUIs were a hotly debated issue in the mid 1980s. The Apple Lisa was discharged in 1983 and different windowing frameworks
existed for MS–DOS. Singular applications for various stages introduced their own particular tackle the GUI. In spite of the GUIs points of interest,
numerous analysts scrutinized the estimation of the whole idea, refering to equipment confinements and the trouble in finding good programming. In
1984, Apple discharged a TV plug which presented the Apple Macintosh amid the broadcast of Super Bowl XVIII by CBS, with implications to
George Orwell's prominent novel, Nineteen Eighty–Four. The business was gone for making individuals consider PCs, distinguishing the easy to
understand interface as a PC which left from past business–situated frameworks, and turning into a mark representation of Apple items Joined by a
broad advertising effort, Windows 95 was a noteworthy accomplishment in the commercial center at dispatch and in a matter of seconds turned into the
most prominent desktop working

Btec Business Level 3 Unit 14 M1
UNIT 14 – M1 There are many ways you can show an operating system can be viewed as an event driven application. First example to view an
operating system as an event driven application could be a start button of a windows operating system. When a user clicks on the start button it
loads up a user interface with a list of function you can do on your computer such as accessing your personal files such as pictures, videos and
documents. you will have to click or press on the button to make this happen as this an event driven this only works with the user interaction.
Another good example to show an operating system as an even driven application will be the Auto play. For example, when you input your USB
stick to your computer it will come up with a screen with multiple option on how you want to open up your USB stick. If you have a video or music
files... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before I explain how suitable an event driven langue for non–graphical applications, I would like to explain what is an event driven application is. An
event driven program is a program that's designed to responds given by a user. An event includes mouse clicks and keystrokes by the user and the
loading programs by the system. Now I will be explaining the suitability of event driven language for non–graphical applications compare to graphical
applications such as operating systems. When it comes to graphical applications the first thing that comes to our mind is user interaction. As you may
or may not know graphical application such as operating system are widely used around the world that does not mean graphical application are taking
over non–graphical applications. Event driven programs are also used in non–graphical applications as well such as real life objects like DVD Player,
Microwaves Oven and washing machine also in operating systems such as CMD, PowerShell and

Agent Based Modeling And Simulation
AGENT–BASED MODELING AND SIMULATION: DESKTOP ABMS
Charles M. Macal
Michael J. North
*NetLogo is a free ABMS environment (Wilensky 1999) developed at Northwestern University's Center for Connected
Learning and Computer–Based Modeling
(http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/). The NetLogo language uses a modified version of the Logo programming language (Harvey 1997). NetLogo is
designed to provide a basic computational laboratory for teaching complex adaptive systems concepts. NetLogo was originally developed to support
teaching, but it can be used to develop a wide range of applications. NetLogo provides a graphical environment to create programs that control graphic
"turtles" that reside in a world of "patches" that is monitored by an
"observer." NetLogo is particularly well suited for artificial life projects. NetLogo includes an innovative participatory
ABMS feature called HubNet (Wilensky and Stroup 1999), which allows groups of people to interactively engage in simulation runs alongside of
computational agents.
NetLogo is a multi–agent programmable platform developed by the Centre for
Connected Learning and Computer–Based modelling, Northwestern University,
USA (Tisue and Wilensky 2004). NetLogo allows the users to access a large library of sample models and code examples that help users to start
authoring models. NetLogo is being used by research labs and university lessons in social and natural sciences.
NetLogo is another ABM toolkit, which is not open source, and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of An Operating System
Introduction
An operating system (OS) is the software component of a computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and
the sharing of the resources of the computer. The OS acts as a host for application programs that run on the machine. As a host, one of the purposes
of an OS is to handle the details of the operation of the hardware. This relieves application programs from having to manage these details and makes it
easier to write applications. Almost all computers use an OS of some type. The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that
unauthorized users do not access the system. The Operating System will identify at which time the CPU will perform which operation and in which
Time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Process Control System: Process Controls are dedicated Systems which dedicated to a single application. Thus there is no need to manage sharing
among concurrent application programs.
Distributed System: Is an interconnection of two or more nodes, but the processors do not share memory.
Serial Processing: Programmers had to interact directly with the computer hardware, there was no OS. These computers used a console consisting of
display lights, toggle switches, some form of input device, and a printer. Programs in machine code had to be loaded via the input device. If an error
occurred in the program, the error condition was indicated by the lights. If the program has been executed, the output would appear on the printer.
Developments leading to modern OS
Microkernel architecture: Is structured as a tiny kernel that provides the minimal services used by a team of optional cooperating processes, which in
turn provide the higher–level OS functionality. Microkernel approach simplifies implementation, provides flexibility, and is well suited to a distributed

Pros And Cons Of Linux
INTRODUCTION WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer system.. Every
general–purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs and application. Computer operating systems perform very basic
tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the screen keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling
peripheral devices such as printers. For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic cop it makes
sure that different programs and users running at the same time do not interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible for security,
ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Command lines only accept textual commands that must be typed by hand, and are often too complicated for novice users. PROS OF LINUX 1.Price:
Linux is F–R–E–E. You can download it, install it, use it, modify it. 2.Variety: Linux is not a full operating system. It is just a kernel. To use the
kernel, additional software needs to be bundled with Linux. Several hundreds of these bundles (called "distributions" ) exist. The most popular ones
include Mint and 3.Fedora. The good thing is, with so many different variety of Linux, there is always one to suit your needs 4.Viruses: Although
being more vulnerable to viruses than Mac (because it is open source), Linux still has very, very, very few viruses CONS OF LINUX
1.Complicated: Although some distributions are quite easy to use, most of them will required a good deal of computer knowledge in order to get
them to work. 2.Compatibility: Like Mac, representing only a few percents of the market share, Linux does not have as many programs and games as

What Is A Operating System?
What is a operating system? An operating system is the most essential software that is placed in a computer. It achieves the computer 's memory and
procedures, and the software and hardware. Also, it importantly allows you to interact with the computer itself even if you cant speak the computers
language. It provides mutual services for computer programs. Some examples of operating systems are Windows (vista, 7), Mac OS, Haiku, Linux,
BSD. Command line operating systems Some examples of command line operating systems are Linux and DOS. DOS, also known as disc operating
system is a user interface where you can command the computer difficult but basic tasks to be done quickly. LINUX is a public/ open–source
operating system based by UNIX.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A great example of a GUI that uses a control panel is Windows 7. What is machine and peripheral management? The Peripheral management
manages peripheral device by conveying them commands in the devices own code. Every peripheral device has its own specific code. One
language is binary. For example, in Linux OS, it is the process of turning inputs into outputs. Some peripheral devices are keyboards, mouse,
webcams etc. What is file management? File management consists of files that are placed in an area of storage and where you can name your file
regarding its content and place it where ever you want. It is the way toward looking after files, reports into classifications and subcategories as
wanted by a client. Essential parts of file management are arranging, naming and grouping PC information. What is meant by customising the
desktop? Operating systems allow you to customise your desktop which means you can adapt specific features on the user interface. This means the
look can be changed to your preference. Also, it is a handy way to organise/ navigate your work whilst adding your own look. For example, you can
change your background picture to your preference. It could be your national flag, your favourite colour or even favourite car. On the picture to the
left my favourite car is a Lamborghini in green. What is device driver? Every

Windows Vista and Server Essay
Lab 2
Configuring Servers
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
This lab contains the following exercises and activities: Exercise 2.1Exercise 2.2Exercise 2.3Lab Challenge| Completing Post–Installation Tasks
Adding Roles and Features Converting the GUI Interface to Server Core
Using the Server Core Interface
|
Exercise 2.1| Completing Post–Installation Tasks| Overview| In this exercise, you complete the tasks necessary to set up a server on which Windows
Server 2012 has just been installed.| Mindset ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Migrate Roles and Features with Windows Server Manager| * Question3 | How would the installation of the roles and features selected in this exercise
differ if the server was running Windows Server 2008 R2?You would NOT be using powershell to do it. So, the process would be a lot more lengthy.|
Question 4| How can you prove that the Web Server (IIS) role is installed on the server? You will see that it is checked off in roles and features And If
you try to install it again with powershell it will tell you no changes need to be made if it's already installed. |
Exercise 2.3| Converting the GUI Interface to Server Core | Overview| Windows Server 2012, for the first time, enables you to convert a server
installed using the full graphical user interface to one that uses Server Core. This enables administrators who are less familiar with the Windows
PowerShell interface to install and configure a server using the familiar GUI tools, and then convert it to Server Core to minimize hardware resource
utilization.| Mindset| What advantages does Server Core provide over the full Windows Server 2012 interface?| Completion time| 10 minutes|
* 13.Take a screen shot of the Server Core interface by pressing Alt+Prt Scr and then paste it into your Lab 2 worksheet file in the page provided by
pressing

Telecom Engineer Career Episode
Career Episode 3 A) Introduction 3.1 This episode describes my participation in the project "Network Engineer Web–Based Viewer "for Al Mozoon
Company. The project took place in the period from Jun 2010 until December 2010 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. My task as a Senior Telecommunications
Network Engineer was to preside over the procession of the project. B) Background 3.2 Telecommunications companies select and implement
Telcordia's Network Engineer (NE) for one simple reason; they want to manage their network resources efficiently with detailed graphical
representation. Network Engineer gives the end–user (engineers and planners) a robust toolbox for creating and editing network detail. However, not
every user within the organization... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This powerful tool makes the viewing and analyzing of network data easier. 3.7 Field crews and network maintenance specialists can view detailed
attribute information down to the strand or pair level of transmedia (cables); the chassis, slot, plug–in, and port levels of equipment. My position in Al
Mozoon is illustrated and highlighted in the chart below: 3.8 My Duties in the project: 1. Studying and analyzing the application that my manager
requested, and imagining the layout and functionalities that it should include. 2. Organizing and visioning the procedure of creating this application,
and coordinating between all resources that will contribute in this application. 3. Keeping track of any feedback or issues regarding this application,
and keeping communications channels opened with the IT department to fix any bugs or errors in no time. 4. Writing down the FDS's (Functional
Design Specification) that will explain all entities that we are interested in to be included in the new application 5. Preparing material in the format of
slides that explains why we needed this application, its benefits and also how to use the application describing all its functionalities. 6. Presenting the
already prepared slides to the customers showing them why they need this application, and

The Software Development Plan ( Sdp )
Overview The software development plan (SDP) provides an overview of the schedule, tasks, and resources required to build and deliver the Bed
and Breakfast room management tracker. This document will list, in detail, the project assumptions, deliverables, and schedule. Summary Purpose,
Scope and Objectives The objectives of the RMT is to provide software to increase the efficiency of personnel managing small bed and breakfast
companys. By providing a software application to manage the calendar, available reservations, rooms and date ranges, user information, and financial
transactions associated with reservations, the managers of the bed and breakfast can easily schedule bookings amongst a large set of clients, while
easily managing reservations across a broad time frame. In order to accommodate both the needs of management and potential clients, the software
should provide functionality specifically limited to the above areas. By not providing an out of scope functionality, such as extended financial
transaction holdings, information about other organizations, and the scope the software is specific to the needs of the clients. The objectives of the
RMT are guided by efficiency. Extensive integration with the clients is required. Elimination of manual processes, where appropriate are necessary to
assist the user of the RMT in working with clients over the phone and in–person, depending on the current situation at hand. The products that will be
delivered include:

Unit 10 Operating Systems P2
Operating Systems(P2)
In this assignment i will be explaining looking at operating systems and their features.
Operating systems are vital to the use of computers, they tell the machine what it is, what language, where the programs are, when things are stored,
how to do things, the instruction codes to do everything. The system is in charge of security such as ensuring that unauthorised users do not access the
system. There are many types of operating systems, a few are listed below:
Windows
Linux
Mac OS/OSX
Windows
Windows is one of the biggest operating systems in the world and was created in 1981 by chase bishop. The purpose of windows is to improve on
previous systems and make them all better. This operating system is a graphical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Customisation: there are many ways to customise windows, customising windows can be done through your own interface. Users can do many things
to customise their windows as it has developed over the years. On windows you are able to find more themes, backgrounds, gadgets, mouse pointers,
user images,etc.
There are a few ways in you can
Connectivity:
Connectivity on operating systems can vary to what the user wants the system to connect to. This means that the user is able to connect the system to
any device which they may require. If the user wanted to connect a printer to the Pc or Mac then they user can do that. Many devices are able to
connect to the computer via a Wireless and bluetooth connection, this would save space and save the user using cables around the computer system.
Cost:

Mac and windows both cost and amount about ВЈ70 and this is not cheap. Linux is free but people do not use this because it is very difficult to use.
Many people prefer windows as it is the easiest to use and they will pay more to make their life

Department Of Computer Science : Project Supervisor
Department of Computer Science
CO7201–Msc Individual Project
Project Supervisor: Dr Michael Hoffman
Second Marker: Dr Stuart Kerrigan
WORD COUNT: 3008
1Table of Contents
2DECLARATION3
3INTRODUCTION4
4PROJECT AIM5
5BACKGROUND5
6MOTIVATION5
6.1Advantages of Multiplayer Game6
6.2Existing Application6
6.3New Application7
7OBJECTIVES7
8CHALLENGES7
9REQUIREMENTS8
10TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION8
10.1For Development8
10.2For Application9
11TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS9
12BACKGROUND MATERIAL9
12.1Multiplayer game concept9
12.2Google API's9
12.3Android10

12.4ANDROID STUDIO11
13READING LIST11
14WORK PLAN11
15DISSERTATION OUTLINE15
References16
2DECLARATION
All sentences or passages quoted in this report, or computer code of any form whatsoever used and/or submitted at any staged, which are taken
from other people's work have been specially acknowledged by clear citation of the source, specifying author, work, date and page. Any part of my
own written work, or software coding, which is substantially based upon other people's work, is duly accompanied by clear citation of the source,
specifying author, work, date and pages(s). I understand that failure to do these amounts to plagiarism and will be considered grounds for failure in
this module and the degree examination as a whole.
Name: UDITI SHARMA
Signed: UDITI SHARMA
Date: 31–07–2015 3INTRODUCTION
This report serves as an interim report for the development of the project

Types Of Simulation Software, And Investigating Software...
There are many types of simulation software, and investigating software component metadata for all of them is infeasible. The scope of this research is
restricted to one important class of simulation software, the area of semi–automated forces (SAF) systems. As Petty describes in [14], semi–automated
forces (SAF) systems are computer software systems to generate and control autonomous entities (such as tanks, soldiers, or aircraft) in a simulation
using a combination of behavior generation algorithms and human operator commands. The SAF entities exist in a battlefield that is a simulated subset
of the real world, so the physical events and phenomena on the battlefield must be modeled. SAF–controlled entities should obey the laws of physics.
The accuracy of the SAF physics models is important to the utility of the simulation. Exactly how accurate those models must be, depends on how the
system will be used. It is not uncommon when the real time performance of the simulation is more important than high accuracy, to have high fidelity
models replaced with lower fidelity models based on look–up tables. Figure 1.1 A screenshot from ModSAF, a SAF system. An important example of
semi–automated forces is One Semi–Automated Forces (OneSAF). In [15] Parsons states that OneSAF is the U. S. Army's newest constructive
battlefield simulation and SAF system. OneSAF is intended to replace a number of legacy entity–based simulations and to serve a range of applications
including

Graphical User Interfaces
Modern society heavily depends on the abilities of computers, Information Technology, and information processing. As such, since access to
information occurs mainly through digital means and media, the way information is arranged and presented on the screen is crucial. Because of this
need for fast access and easy arrangement arose, in the early 1980s, companies started to work on various graphical user interfaces (or GUI for short).
Most dictionaries define a GUI as 'a way of arranging information on a computer screen that is easy to understand and use because it uses icons, menus
and a mouse rather than only text.' Introducing such software allowed a human–computer interaction on a visual plane, and took computing to an
entirely new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before Graphical User Interfaces became a standard for giving commands and retrieving information, computers were controlled through the means of a
text–based interface. This meant that a person had to enter text commands in order to communicate with the computer, which meant that one had to
know various commands that could be entered and specific, technologic jargon that – for a 'normal person', not prominent in the art of computing – was
simply hard, or even impossible to comprehend and memorize. On top of that, the data was displayed on the screen was usually presented in form of a
column of text, employing the aforementioned jargon and syntax of 'computer language'. As a consequence, computers were rather reserved for
enthusiasts and professionals than general public, which at that time didn't find them useful or attractive.
When a user interface that focused on presenting information in a graphical way appeared, a revolution took place. Suddenly, a common person – even
one, that has never dealt with such a device before – could approach a computer, and be actually able to perform operations on it, using a pointer
device instead of typing complicated commands on a keyboard. If he wanted to move a file from one place to another, he wouldn't have to type
COPY followed with a string of letters and symbols, but simply 'grab' the file with the arrow, drag it across the screen, and drop it where he wanted.
Such action strongly

Desktop Operating Systems : Annotated Bibliography
Desktop Operating Systems SD1430 Intro to Mobile OS Desktop Operating Systems When considering the history of operating systems, you must
first understand what an operating system is. An operating system is the software that manages a computer's hardware, resources and provides
common services. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer. The operating system tells the computer
what to do by controlling system resources, such as, the processor, memory and disk space. The operating system allows the user to work and
interact on a computer without having to know about how the hardware works. One of the most essential tasks of the operating system is to control
the computers resources. Operating systems can allocate resources as necessary to ensure that applications each receive the appropriate amount. In
addition to resource allocation, operating systems provide an application interface. This allows applications to use the hardware in the same way. An
application interface also allows software written on one computer to be run on other types of computers. Operating systems have come a long way
over the years, and, just as there are different types of hardware and software, there are different types of operating systems as well. Some of these
types include Real–Time, Multi–User, Multitasking and single–tasking, Distributed and Templeted. There are many different brands and manufactures
for these different types of operating systems

Unit 2 TASK 1 Decoding the Jargon
TASK 1: Decoding the Jargon
a. Create a booklet which explain the function of hardware components and identify communication between components. The pages should include
photographs and diagrams to illustrate the information you include. (P1)
Components communication
The following diagram shows how components communicate each other's.
CPU
Also known as the processor, the CPU is the heart of the computer and has two part:
Control Unit
The control unit controls the flow of data through the processor.
Arithmetic/Logic unit (ALU)
The ALU performs mathematical, logical, and decision operations in a computer and is the final processing performed by the processor.
RAM
A computer can only run a program when it is in memory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DOS is the basic system that people have to using Command line prompt to communicate with computer via simple interface which is not "friendly"
user interface.
The DOS can't run multitask on computer which can only load one program until it finished. But some of the features still quite useful that people still
use it. Such as:
5. CHKDSK
6. GBUPDATE
7. IPCONFIG
8. PING
9. FDISK
Comparison of two operating systems
We can see there are many different between those two computer operating system which the Windows 8 operating system have a lots of advance

features and higher performance that suit to nowadays. The DOS system usually used to be run a specific program which prevents any virus or hacker
attack in the solo computer such as sale program, data base in the hospital or council data base.
Features
Windows 8
DOS
Network
Yes
N/A
GUI
Yes
N/A
Multiuser
Yes
N/A
Server Administration
Yes
N/A
Command line interface
Yes
Yes
Entertain
Yes
N/A
Sound
Yes
Yes
Multitask
Yes
N/A
c. In your document explain the purpose of different software utilities which is available. Explain how software utilities can improve the performance
of computer systems (P3, D1)
Windows 8 Utility
Virus Protection
The specific program used to prevent viruses, worms and Trojans which attached in the email or website.

Every computer need to install an anti–virus software and

Implementing Computerized and Digitally Mobile Home...
Int. J. Emerg. Sci., 1(3), 487–503, September 2011 ISSN: 2222–4254 © IJES
Implementing Computerized and Digitally Mobile Home Automation System towards Electric Appliance Control and Security System
Zeeshan Ahmed1,3,4,*, Mujtaba Ali2,4, Saman Majeed1
2 1 University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg Germany. DEKA Research and Development, Manchester USA. 3 Vienna University of Technology, Vienna
Austria 4 University of Central Punjab, Lahore Pakistan.
zeeshan.ahmed@uni.wuerzburg.de, saman.majeed@uni–wuerzburg.de
Abstract. In this research paper we address the importance of home automation system as compared to the old and traditional living systems. We
present our own idea leading to a concept towards the practical implementation of a home ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But due to the lack of integration in available tools, technologies and limited relevant hardware availability, it is very difficult to produce a system
which can be controlled fully as desired. The motivation behind this research was to propose, design and implement a home automation system i.e.
Smart House; a computerized and digitally mobile home automation system towards electric appliance control and security system. Using
488
International Journal of Emerging Sciences, 1(3), 487–503, September 2011
developed system, a house's electric appliances can be controlled via computer and mobile manually, automatically or by scheduling operations e.g.
automatically turning on or off switches at particular date and time. Furthermore it requires the proposition and implementation of a security system
for not only tracking the interruption but also intelligently taking immediate responses. This proposition can lead to many benefits in terms of its
usage by saving time, improving security and reducing electricity usage by limiting the unnecessary use of electric appliances e.g. some lights are
turned on every night and need to be turned off early morning which can be scheduled. It can also be very beneficial, in case if the user is a special
/disabled person, then he or she can control the electric appliances without going to the every switch by foot. Due to its mobile use, it could be very
use full for busy persons or those who normally forget things e.g. if some

Computer Software : Operating System Software
Computer Software
Computer software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task. Computer is useless without a software. For example without
internet browser you cannot search anything on the internet. You need system software such as word processer, which enables a user to perform a
task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables software to run properly. Computer software has to be installed within the
computer storage (such as hard drive, memory, or RAM). Once the software is installed, the computer is able to execute the software.
Types of software's:
Operating System Software:
An operating system is a software that enable the computer hardware to communicate with the computer software. Without ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is a multitasking computer operating system. It was designed to be a small and flexible operating system.
DOS–command line:
Disk Operating System (DOS) was the first operating system used by IBM computers. It was originally available in two versions "PC–DOS" and
"MS–DOS"
Linux–command line:
Linux is a software that enables application and the computer operator to access the devices on the computer to perform desired functions.
Windows 95, NT, 98, ME, 2000, XP, Vista, and Windows 7:
These are the computer operating systems designed by the Microsoft.
Novell Netware:
Novell Netware is also a brand of operating system designed for networks or simply a local area network (LAN) operating system. Netware is a
product of the popular IT–centred company called Novell.
MAC OS:
Mac operating is series of graphical user interface (GUI). Mac operating system was developed by Apple Inc. It was first introduced in 1984.
MAC OS X:
This operating system was released in 2001. It is the latest version of Mac OS. It is a series of UNIX based graphical interface operating system.
Virus:
Virus is a software program that are designed to spreads from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operations. While using the

internet your computer may have come in contact with computer viruses. A computer virus might corrupt or delete data on the computer, or erase
everything on your hard disk. Viruses also spread ether by portable media, such as external

Recycle Bin
пѓ A short note on Recycle bin.
Recycle bin is an icon on the Windows desktop that represents a directory where deleted files are temporarily stored. This enables you to retrieve
files that you may have accidentally deleted. From time to time, you'll want to purge the recycle bin to free up space on your hard disk. You can also
configure Windows so that it doesn't use the recycle bin at all, but then you won't be able to retrieve accidentally deleted files.
Items in the Recycle Bin remain there until you decide to permanently delete them from your computer. These items still take up hard disk space and
can be undeleted or restored back to their original location. When it fills up, Windows automatically cleans out enough space in the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Recycle Bin can be accessed via the desktop (In fact it is the only icon shown by default on the Windows XP desktop) or Windows Explorer. The
Recycle Bin, when accessed from the desktop, has different options and information than what Windows Explorer normally would have as seen from
the physical location. In an NTFS environment, users cannot see deleted files in the Recycle Bin of other user.
Files in the Recycle Bin are stored in its physical location and renamed as D.. A hidden file called info2 (info in Windows 95) stores the files'
original paths and names. When the user views the Recycle Bin, the files are displayed with their original names. When the file is "Restored" from the
Recycle Bin, it is returned to its original directory and name.
When the file is "deleted" by emptying the Recycle Bin, the space on the disk used by the file is designated as "free" without any changes being
made to the file data itself. Future files will overwrite the data when they are saved on the disk. In other words, the data is not erased, but the address
marking the data's existence is.
Deleting files
In Windows Explorer, files are moved to the Recycle Bin in a number of ways:
By right–clicking on a file and selecting delete from the menu
Selecting the file and pressing the delete key
Selecting delete from the side menu in Windows XP

Selecting the file and choosing delete from

Metasploit : An Advanced Open Source Software Platform
(#1) Metasploit Metasploit took control of the computer world in 2004, after its original release. Metasploit is an advanced open–source software
platform used for testing and exploiting computer networks and the resources connected to them. Not only is the open–source code used for
penetrating and hacking, because of its advanced features, it is also used extensively for research purposes. Out of the box, figuratively speaking,
Metasploit organically comes with hundreds of exploits loaded and ready for use. Many pentesters and hackers alike thoroughly enjoy and prefer
Metasploits framework over doing the hard job of either developing or researching exploits on their own. Additionally, Metasploit comes loaded with
its own exploitable software platform known as Metasploitable. Metasploitable was intentionally developed to cater to the hackers malicious mindset,
and employs an intentionally insecure Linux based environment within Metasploit. The purpose of this intentionally vulnerable platform is to
execute Metasploit exploits against it. Metasploitable alleviates the need to release live exploitation tools against real network servers and
infrastructures. Metasploit was originally free however, it has become so popular that after it was sold to Rapid7 in 2009, an advanced for purchase
version was launched. The basic version remains free however, there are more advanced features available with the paid version which will run
approximately $5,000/yr. Many

Linux And Windows Comparison Essay
A Comparison of Linux & Windows
Abstract
There are a number of operating systems available for personal use as well as small and large businesses. Probably the two most popular are Linux
and Windows. In order to determine what operating system best suits your needs, it's important to know some background on Linux and Windows.
Some important factors to consider in the selection of an operating system are what are some of the things that make Linux and Windows appealing
and what are some of their drawbacks. In today's economic conditions, it's vital for companies to try and keep costs down. This paper will also look
at the cost of each operating system. Based on all of these factors, one of the operating systems is recommended ... Show more content on
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Using either GNOME or KDE, you can decide what interface you want and then add only the features that fit your needs quickly and easily. If you are
concerned with standardization, do not worry. Linux sticks to the Unix standards. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers put together the
American National Standards Institute for Unix named the Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments. It dictates a universal
standard on how the Unix–based systems are supposed to operate. (Asprey & Seruzzi, 2008) Linux has three major components–the file structure,
kernel, and environment. The file structure does what its name implies, puts files in a specific order on any storage device. They are arranged in a
hierarchy of directories and one or more subdirectories all of which contain files. These directories are all interconnected. With the exception of the
standard directories that are set aside for system use, users have full control of the files inside the directories. They can create and move directories,
move files between directories, share or restrict directories and files just by setting directory and file permissions. (Asprey & Seruzzi, 2008) The
kernel is really the heart of Linux. Its job is to operate all the programs and manage the attached hardware devices. In order to put these kernels to work
and operate any computer operating system,

Case Study : Apple Inc.
n January of 1984, Apple Inc. released the first Macintosh personal computer to the public that significantly changed the personal computer world.
Apple Inc. (Apple), the biggest information technology American firm in the world, was founded in California on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve
Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. The firm started in the garage of Steve job's home where the trio were inclined to build their ownpersonal computer as the
available ones were out of budget. Steve jobs formularized the idea of logistics between the development, creation, and sale of his computer by tying
the materials, production, and development in a streamlined chain of events; while Steve Woziak handled the research and development of the
computer. Together they were unstoppable and paved their path towards a multinational corporation that would specialize in consumer electronics
which would be known as an iconic brand. After 40 years, today Apple is a worldwide technology company that have 478 retail stores in 17
countries and around 115,000 number of employees all over the world (as of July 2015). The following analysis will focus on the first AppleMacintosh
introduced in January 1984 constituted a milestone in the history of computers; its original idea evolved from Project Lisa; Jef Raskin began the
Macintosh project in 1979; the public view of the first Mac; its historical significance and the lessons to be learned from its development.
The first Apple Macintosh introduced

Magnet Forensic Analysis
Introduction As capabilities grow, cyberspace is becoming more of a battle field than ever. General hackers, terrorist groups, and agents of foreign
powers are becoming more complex in the way that they attack the United States. As the threat grows, so must grow the ability to defend against the
threat. Every year there is a constant increase of cyber–attacks committed against the United States, and as more actors collaborate, the complexity of
the attacks grow. More and more every day, the increased use of volatile memory as the storage point for malware and other malicious code is seen.
The CPT has a true need for a tool that will easily, effectively, and fully allow us to handle memory forensics. To stay up to date with current evidence
...
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WindowsSCOPE is effective against Windows NT 5.1 to Windows 8.1 (WindowsSCOPE, 2016). Magnet IEF can be effectively ran against Windows,
Unix, Mac, Kindle, and multiple other mobile and computer operating systems. With the evolution of malware in mind, Magnet IEF is the clear choice
due to its ability to work on multiple operating systems. Recommendation Based on the CPT's long term needs, Magnet Forensics EIF is the tool that
fits the requirements. Magnet Forensics is holding low cost training events, and the near future certification opportunity will allow the CPT a greater
chance at conducting in house training. It contains the capabilities to work across multiple platforms including mobile devices. Conclusion
Development of this technical evaluation report is the result of a request from a standing Army CPT to fulfill the requirement of expanding the CPTs
memory forensics capabilities. The three considerations of cost, capability, and operating systems compatibility are the main points for comparison.
The memory forensic tools where compared and contrasted based upon the guidelines that the CPT provided. When comparing the two tools in all three
factors of consideration Magnet IEF was the clear winner. The final recommendation of this technical evaluation is that the CPT acquires Magnet

Windows : The First Version Of Windows
Windows: The first version of windows was released 1985 as an extra system with Microsoft's existing disk operating system.Windows finally allowed
DOS users to visually navigate a virtual desktop, opening graphical "windows" displaying the contents of electronic folders and files with the click of a
mouse button, rather than typing commands and directory paths at a text prompt. Subsequent versions introduced more functionality including
Windows File Manager, Program Manager, and print manager along with a much powerful interface.Microsoft developed Windows packages that
mainly aimed for businesses. In 1995 windows released the full version of 'Windows 95" and offered built in internet support including the world wide
web ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The macintosh was the first to use GUI (Graphical user interface) systems. Unlike virtually all other contemporary PCs, the Mac OS (initially
designated simply System Software, with a version number appended) was graphically based. Rather than typing commands and directory paths at text
prompts, users moved a mouse pointer to visually navigate the Finder–a series of virtual folders and files, represented by icons. Later Mac OS releases
introduced features such as Internet file sharing, network browsing, and multiple user accounts. After Steven Job's departure from Apple in 2001,
the company rolled out Mac OS X, a major redesign based on both the NextStep system and Apple's most recent OS release. OS X ran on a UNIX
kernel that offered technical advances such as memory protection, preemptive multitasking, and a convenient graphical "Dock" bar for launching
frequently used applications. Updates to OS X added features such as automated backups and a "Dashboard" manager for small, handy applications
called widgets. From 2007 Apple unveiled a number of mobile devices that could access the Internet, including the iPhone smartphone. Apple soon
emphasized the ability of OS X to connect with these devices. In 2011 Apple introduced iCloud, a cloud computing service that allowed users to share
data among all of their Apple devices, for both OS X and the mobile operating system iOS. Apple added more features allowing connectivity between
devices to

Essay about UNIX and Windows
UNIX and Windows
About Unix The Unix operating system is a powerful programming environment designed by and for computer programmers. Unix is available on a
wide variety of computer systems, including personal computers, workstations, mainframes and supercomputers. It was developed for, and is
particularly well suited to, multi–user systems, but is now also run on 'stand–alone' machines.
Beginners and casual users often find the jargon–filled help system frustrating and the lack of icons and menus unfriendly. Unix was first developed in
the early 1970s at Bell Laboratories in the USA. It was originally developed as a system to be used by the staff in the laboratories, and it was
principally intended to provide an operating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are many different versions of Unix, as well as some Unix 'lookalikes'. The most widely used are: System V (distributed by the original
developers, AT&T) AIX (IBM) Berkeley BSD (from the University of California, Berkeley) SunOS, now known as Solaris (from the makers of Sun
workstations) Xenix (a PC version of Unix).
The Unix operating system consists basically of the kernel and the shell. The kernel is the part carries out basic operating system functions such as
accessing files, allocating memory and handling communications.
A shell provides the user interface to the kernel. A number of shells are available on the Unix operating system including the Bourne shell and the C
shell. The shell is basically an extensive program that runs all the time that you are logged on to the computer, and provides an interactive interface
between the user and the computer functions. The C shell is the default shell for interactive work on many Unix systems.
Most users don't see much difference among the variants of Unix (ULTRIX, AIX, etc.), because the shell program handles interactions between the
user and the operating system. When you type a command "at Unix," you are actually typing it at the shell. The shells are the same no matter what
type of Unix you use; for example, Korn shell will look the same whether the computer you use is AIX or ULTRIX. You can choose from several
shells: Korn shell

The Components Of Linux And Windows Systems
Today, many people rely on computers and other devices to simplify and convenience their lives. Most users do not even consider the complexity that
allows the device to operate. And staggeringly, every electronic item we use today has some sort of functioning operating system to allow it to carry
out its objective task. A computer operating system is one such program that has rapidly evolved to simply the use and capabilities of computers. Two
widely known and used operating systems, Windows and Linux, are contending for the user market and have transformed over the years and do their
best to offer what the user is demanding. Initially the differences between Windows and Linux were like night and day. Now, as time goes on, the
things that set them apart have become blurry. What really separates these two is what lies deep in the coding to make the operating system more
efficient, secure and user friendly.
Assessing the differences and similarities between the components of Linux and Windows systems, a user can decide which system would best meet
their needs. The architecture of the kernel and how it operates can play a factor for security and efficiency. The visual aspect and workability with the
Graphical User Interface (GUI) or command interface can employ ease of use or offer streamlined productivity. Then lastly, looking at the statistical
data regarding Total Cost of Ownership and general popularity by actual use and preference will be compared.
The one core program

Apple Computer vs Microsoft
Introduction:
It seems that the competition that has been brewing between Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL) and Microsoft Corp. (NASDAQ: MSFT) has never really
died down from the late 1970s, even as both companies have had ups and downs in the stock market and in the consumer products market as well.
Apple Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., was a copyright infringement lawsuit in which Apple Computer sought to prevent Microsoft and Hewlett–Packard from
using visual graphical user interface (GUI) elements that were similar to those in Apple's Lisa and Macintosh operating systems. Some critics claimed
that Apple was really attempting to gain all intellectual property rights over the desktop metaphor for computer interfaces, and perhaps all GUIs, on
personal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The district court had to grapple with graphical user interfaces in the first instance – and for the first time, with a claim of copying a computer
program's artistic look as an audio–visual work instead of program codes registered as a literary work. In this case there is also the unusual, added
complexity of a license that arguably covers some or most of the allegedly infringing works. The district court therefore had to cut new paths as it
went along; we have the luxury of looking at the case at the end of the trip. From this vantage point, it is clear that treatment of ,Apple's GUIs,
whose visual displays are licensed to a great degree and which are a tool for the user to access various functions of a computer in an aesthetically and
economically pleasing way, follows naturally from a long line of copyright decisions which recognizes that works cannot be substantially similar where
analytic dissection demonstrates that similarities in expression are either authorized, or arise from the use of ,common ideas or their logical extensions.
Therefore they hold:
(1) Because there was an agreement by which Apple licensed the right to make certain derivative works, the district court properly started with the
license to determine what Microsoft was permitted to copy. Infringement cannot be founded on a licensed similarity. We read Microsoft's license as the,
district court did, to cover visual displays – not the Windows 1.0

Project Report On Library Management System
ABSTRACT
This is a project report on "Library Management System". During the making/developing of this project we explored new ideas and functionality
behind the working of and DBMS technique.
We have learnt a lot during this project and liked the improvement in our testing skills and deep concept related to these kinds of projects.
Our project is "Library Management System". Library Management System is a light–weight and easy–to–use library information management
software product for Windows.
This report describes the implementation of a library management system. The Entity–Relationship model is used to design a database that will store
and organize the library 's data. I have created the database using MySQL and added it with some sample data. The system can keep track of
Librarians, Borrower's, books and the relationships between them. Using Core JAVA, and JDBC, I have created agraphical user interface that allows
librarians to access the system.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT1
OBJECTIVE3
INTRODUCTION3
AUTHORIZATION/AUTHENTICATION MODULE:4
HOME MODULE:6
MANAGE BOOKS MODULE:7
MANAGE USER/BORROWER MODULE:10
ISSUEDBOOKS MODULE:12
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM(SOFTWARE DESIGN)15
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS/ DEVELOPMENT TOOLS16
SYSTEM DESIGN17

DATABASE DESIGN20
E–R DIAGRAM22
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS23
SOFTWARE TESTING:23
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS25
SYSTEM ANALYSIS25
REFERENCES29
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to develop a system that can

Operating Systems Is A Key Component Of The Whole Computer...
Operating systems is a crucial component of the whole computer machine operating systems are used to run the computer without this the
computers will be hopeless the back of he computer is where operating system is the OS of the computer is usually in Rom chip so its stored in
there going back to when I said that it's a crucial part on computer that's because it enables your computer to have a desktop and also it enables it to
run other pieces of software what are called programs so basically it manages your computers hardware and software operating system manages
software by telling hardware what to do and what no to so basically without this no user would be able to communicate or interact with software
programs so basically when you click on a program on your computer or browse something it automatically finds outs and sends commands to the
program by this the program makes use of the CPU and the memory of your computer. By this it will communicate the output of the programs to h e
user by utilizing the monitor screen. Good thing about operating system is as you as you are logged on it automatically keeps all kind of programs
on your computer running so when you do click on a certain program it uploads in no less than a minute or 2. Moreover your computer must have the
suitable device drivers for the software to work with the hardware and the hardware with the software. Operating system is in products like mobile
phones computer laptops iPad even you're TV. Hardware

Desktop Research Paper
Violet Batchelor I believe that one of the most interesting and widely–used and seen human–computer interface devices is the desktop. Being only 20
years old, I have never personally owned a computer that did not have some kind of desktop. I had never thought to delve into why it was called the
desktop until we discussed this in class. Acomputer's desktop is the place where the user can organize shortcuts to their different activites. Some
examples are a link to an internet page, a shortcut to Microsoft Office, or a shortcut to My Computer in the file explorer. The desktop was invented
along with the GUI (graphical user interface) and so I personally put it under the category of "the granddaddy of computer interfaces." If you use a
modern computer, you use a desktop. When you start up your machine, whatever operating system it is, the first thing you will see (once the computer
has finished booting) is your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can learn a lot about someone by how their desktop looks and what's in it. A writer would probably have hundreds of shortcuts to their
unfinished screenplays, while a programmer may also have 100s of shortcuts, but to different coding projects. The desktop also, as users before the
desktop know, makes using a computer much faster and easier. Instead of having to search (possibly through command line) for something you may
possibly do everyday, you can make a shortcut to it (and in some cases, your computer will make one for you) and just click it. I can almost hear the
"AHA!" moment of "we'll call it a desktop!" I imagine, especially in the beginning, that the name 'desktop' was the best fit for this interface. A
programmer looked around their desk, thinking "what will we call this great new interface?" and they saw their files and papers surrounding them and
came to the logical conclusion that that interface full of their documents and files looked just like their desk in front of

The Effect Of The Mouse And Gui On Society And Business
The Affect of the Mouse and GUI on Society and Business
How the Mouse and GUI Enabled Other Technologies
The rapid proliferation of computers has made both our social and business world more and more convenient. Although the first modern significant kind
of computer was introduced the world in the 1940s, the major event which has changed the history of human– computer interaction was the advent of
the graphical user interface at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. Along with a pointing device, typically a mouse, users are able to point to parts of the display.
With the GUI which makes the interface to the computer primarily a visual medium, the virtual world inside the computer is portrayed graphically on
the display. According to Shneiderman's the future of interactive systems and the emergence of direct manipulation [1] in 1982, he describes the GUI
paradigm as "direct manipulation", which is a breakthrough.
At the same time, under the influences of GUI and mouse development, multiple technology devices are showing up for the world to use and
changing the way of doing things in both social and business life. For example, ATM systems are available for 24/7 banking, self–check–out systems
are in many supermarkets and self–check–in systems are at airports in addition to online purchasing and home delivery available both major and niche
retailers. Based on GUI, these systems have had a tremendous influence on modern business bringing convenience and efficiency to both customers and

Computing And Information Technology Programmes Essay
Computing and Information Technology Programmes
Research
NameJeevan Budha Magar
IDTIZ0000111
AssessorCharmaine Mania
Signature
Contents
Introduction1
Development and history background2
Microsoft Windows Server 2012R2.2
Oracle Solaris Server 11.23
User Interface4
GUI (Graphical User Interface)4
Windows server 2008r24
GUI4
CLI4
Solaris Server 11.24
GUI4
CLI5
System Requirements5
Windows Server 2008r25
Oracle Solaris Server 11.25
4. Common MUOS components and their purposes and functional relationship:5
a. Define an Operating System Kernel. Explain functions and operations by the kernel.5

b. Identify and compare Kernel used in corresponding MUOS.6
c. Define PCB functions and it's relation to process management in MUOS environment.6
d. Define types and functions of processor scheduling.6
e. Analyse, Define and Compare a primary memory management of corresponding MUOS6
g. Analyse, Define and compare secondary storage schemes of corresponding MUOS7
5. Generate and conclusion of your analysis illustrating key differences between compared MUOS.7
Introduction
Multi– User operating system (MUOS) is an operating system where one or more user can work at a same time without any disturbance by the other
user. In this operating system users can do multiple task at a same time and browse more than one browser minimizing another. Some example of
multi– user operating system are windows 8,

The Execution Of Iot For Practical Use
3. ENABLE TECHNOLOGIES MAKING IoT REALITY The execution of IoT for practical use is possible through the use of several enabling
technologies. For this well–organized functioning of smart sensors and microcontroller components with certain capabilities is needed. That device
should have low power operation, integrated precision–analog capabilities, and GUI's. Other than that the device should be small and extended battery
life to increase its usability, should offer high accuracy at the relatively cheaper rate (Ullah, Shah, & Zhang, 2016). 3.1. Low power operations
Making IoT reality there are some features that must be satisfied. Low power demand is one of them. This is particularly useful when devices have
no or limited access to power sources. The device must be active on the requirement, involve occasional human or system interaction or connected to
a large network of devices that cumulatively consume a lot of power. The practical implementation of this is possible when it is supported by
updates to control signaling, idle and sleep mode, link adaptation, and uplink (UL) power control. Collaboration with other devices is also an
alternative to decrease power consumption (Wu, Talwar, Johnsson, Himayat, & Johnson, 2011). The example is IP (Internet Protocol) stack, a light
protocol that links a large number of communicating devices all over the world. Its operation required only small and battery operated embedded
devices (Atzori, Iera, & Morabito, 2010). 3.2.

Essay about Ethics: User Interface and Graphical Icons
Ethics for the Technology Age John Rankin Colorado Technical University Online PHIL340
–1301B–01 03/26/2013 You are working on a software
application, written in C#. The program is heavily laced with graphical icons and the screen resolution is set to 1440 x 900. Late in the development
process, your company signed a contract with the federal government. This means all applications need to comply with the ADA and Section 508.
What kind of impact does that have on the software? Should this type of issue have been addressed earlier? Should it have been known the company
was negotiating with the federal government? What are other issues that could arise because of this? This change will... Show more content on
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You are still in the design phase of development, and the stakeholders come to you and inform you that you need to make sure the CMS has a
Web–interface and is cross–platform. While the Web–interface was always a consideration, you were originally intending it to be a product usable on
one specific O/S. How does now having to make sure there is a Web interface impact the design? Now that you have to make sure the CMS is
cross–platform, how does that impact the design? What are other issues that could arise for this? Luckily in this scenario the design was still in its
development phase. Any change in the program is basically irrelevant now. Meaning it is early in the developmental stage better a change comes
up here than further down the road, especially if the Web Interface was already in consideration. This should have made the switch basically easy.
So basically a well discussed plan should be made with the stake holders and make sure this is what everyone wants from the project. A change
down the road would be devastating and might make the project harder to complete. Even though the CMS will be changed to cross platform the
impact as stated above should be very minimal. The code will have to be changed but a good project manager should be able to adapt to the change
and handle any complications that may come up. By assigning the proper personal to the proper task should handle any change that could

The Management Programs Of A Computer
Introduction
Operating systems, ("OS") are the management programs of a computer. First it is booted into the computer by a boot program, and then it manages all
other programs on the computer. These other programs are called applications, and they utilize an operating system by making requests for process
service power through an API, or application program interface. Users then interact directly with an operating system through a graphical user interface
or command language.
History The earliest computers lacked any form of operating system because they were simple mainframes. The machines were primitive and programs
were often entered into the system one bit at a time, through many mechanical switches and plug boards. There were no operating systems during the
first phase of computer history––from 1940–1955. By the 1950s, punch cards were introduced and made it so switches were not as necessary any
more. The IBM 701, from General Motors Research Laboratories, was the first system that implemented an operating system. The systems generally
ran one job at a time, which was indicated by whatever was on the punch card. This is called single–stream batch processing. Computers were just
exotic experimental equipment, and mainly tested theory. The use plugboards would direct the computer. Without operating systems, there is no
overlap between computation, I/O, think time, and response time. The specific goal was to handle tables of numbers. Libraries

Essay The Invention and Impact of The Computer Mouse
The Invention and Impact of The Computer Mouse
If you ask people to name one of the most important technologies of the twentieth century, one of the answers would most certainly be the computer. A
computer, however, is not a technology all to itself. Many other technologies went into the modern home computers of today, including the mouse.
Douglas C. Engelbart, a worker at the SRI (Stanford Research Institute), invented the mouse in 1964. However, the process of the invention of the
mouse was not instantaneous and without effect on the realm of computing and society. In this paper I will be examining the problems that had to be
overcome and the technologies that had to be invented for the mouse to become a reality. It also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is when Bob Taylor, a representative of NASA, stepped in and collected enough money from NASA to keep the lab running. Bob Taylor once
again helped the lab by getting more than adequate funding from ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) to support the work of Engelbart to its
conclusion.
During the time when the mouse debuted computers had just arrived into the small business market. They were still costly and not economically viable
for home computer users. Because of the great expense involved there was no need to cater to the needs of the general public, which requires
user–friendly computers. User–friendly means that the computer's operating system and interface are easy–to–learn. The change to using the mouse
was also uneconomical for computer manufacturers of the time because there was no demand for them except for the editing of text. Some computers
of the time were equipped with mouse support, specifically the Amstrad PC 1512, but the mouse remained unpopular due to its limited uses. The first
commercial mouse was not released until 1982.
Hardware and software support is another problem the mouse had to overcome. As mentioned previously, the mouse was released before most
computer systems had hardware support for it. Therefore, even if the computer used a program that incorporated a mouse, there was nowhere to
connect the mouse with the motherboard. Also there was no code for the CPU (central processing unit) to understand the signals

Criminal Record Management
CRIMINAL RECORD MANAGEMENT
TEAM NAME: THE constructorS THE GREAT MIND CHALLENGE 2012 CRIMINAL RECORD MANAGEMENT
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, MADHYA PRADESH
Team Guide:
Dr. Anurag Shrivastava
Members: NITIKA IPG–2011–070 HIMANI SHARMA IPG–2011–042 PRIYANKA AGRAWAL IPG
–2011–082
Department: Information Technology
1
1
THE constructorS
THE constructorS
State: Madhya Pradesh
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction: 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope
1.3 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3
3
THE constructorS
THE constructorS
CRM: criminal Record management. 2. HTML (Hyper Text Mark–up Language): It is used to create static web pages. 3. JSP (Java Server Pages): It is
used to create dynamic web content. 4. J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition): It is a programming platform, belonging to the Java platform, which is used
for developing and running distributed java applications. 5. WSAD (Web–Sphere Studio Application Developer): It is a designer toolkit which is
designed to develop more complex projects by providing a complete dynamic web service.
6. WASCE (Web–Sphere Application Server Community Edition): It is an application server that runs and supports the J2EE and the web service
applications. 7. DB2 (IBM Database 2): It is a database management system that provides a flexible and efficient database platform to raise a strong "on
demand" business applications. 8. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol): It is a transaction oriented client/ server protocol between a web browser and
a web server. 9. XML (Extensible Mark–up Language): It is a markup language that was designed to transport and store data. 10. Ajax (Asynchronous
Java Script and XML): It is a technique used in java script to create dynamic web pages. 11. Web 2.0: It is commonly

The Apple Macintosh : Development And Exchange Of Information
The Apple Macintosh: The Development and Exchange of Information Technology in the modern day plays a huge part in how society and people
alike function in their environment and workplace. There was a time however, when technology was not as accessible nor convenient for people. The
Apple Macintosh was one of the first computers to truly change the idea of computers only being useful in the workplace and gave people an easier
way to access and utilize information. The use of a Graphical User Interface and the push for the Macintosh to be used for educational purposes gave the
Macintosh an edge over the competition and pioneered the current technology used today. The Apple Macintoshcomputer revolutionized the encounters
individuals had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The OS utilizes both the hardware of the computer and the programs which are built into the OS. The synergy created from OSs is what makes
them extremely important. Intel was the first to develop a microprocessor powerful enough to process an OS. "While UNIX was spreading beyond
Bell Labs, the development of the Intel 4004 microprocessor in 1971 allowed the concept of a PC to emerge" (Shlager and Lauer). This technology
was what allowed Apple to develop its first computers.
Although the Lisa computer would be the first computer from Apple to use a Graphical User Interface and an OS, its pricing was extremely high. This
resulted in a failure of units sold and did not encourage consumers to invest in personal computing. The Apple Macintosh however, was what turned this
around. The Apple Mac made personal computing affordable which was what got consumers to try this new technology. "The Lisa computer was
important because it was the first commercial product to use the mouse–window–desktop environment. The Macintosh is equally important because it
makes that same environment very affordable" (Linzmayer 93). Although Apple was not the first with personal computing, Apple was the first to make
PCs affordable and efficiently built.
One of the traits that made Apple Macs so likeable was that they were simplistic and easy to use. Apple made personal computing simple and quick
which is why their Apple

The Need for an Embedded Processor
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. CURRENT SCENARIO
In current scenario, various sensors of plant is connected to the PLC for the data communication and PLC is program such that it give controlling
output according to the threshold value of sensors. In this if the value of sensor is below or above the sensor value then it gives the respective output.
This output is nothing but the controlling output from the PLC which gives signal to controlling device like value or alarm etc. Also SCADA provide the
Graphical user interface to the PLC unit so that any programmer can see the process graphically with the help of SCADA. In Plant SCADA and PLC
are connected to each other which make a whole system for Data communication and its controlling. There are various types of PLC are available in
the market. The selection of the PLC can be done as per the requirement of number of input and output associated with the plant.
Figure 1.1 Present Scenario of industries
1.2. OBJECTIVE
The industrial plant have many type of analog data like temperature sensor, level sensor, flow meter, pressure sensors etc. So in plant this type of
data should be analysed and then processed to achieve some specific action regarding it. The data can be processed with the embedded processor. The
embedded processor must be programmed such that the data can process and give the require output. This system is a data logger for the plant

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