This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It discusses the functional anatomy of the heart, properties of cardiac muscle, the cardiac conduction system, and the cardiac cycle for the circulatory system. For the respiratory system, it outlines the components and functional anatomy, mechanisms of breathing, ventilation, regulation of respiration, gas transport, hypoxia, artificial ventilation, and non-respiratory functions of the lungs.

1. Cardiovascular and respiratory
system

2. syllabus
 Circulatory system-functional anatomy of
heart
Properties of cardiac muscles
Conducting system of the heart
Cardiac cycle
Capillary circulation
Arterial and venous blood pressure

3. Circulatory system-functional anatomy of
heart
• Heart
• Blood
• Vessels

4. Properties of cardiac muscles

5. Cardiac conduction system

6. Cardiac cycle
•Aortic pressure
•Atrial pressure
•Ventricular
pressure
•Ventricular
volume
•Heart sounds

7. Capillary Circulation
Capillary Circulation. the
movement of blood
through the smallest blood
vessels, or capillaries,
providing for the exchange
of substances between the
blood and
tissues. Capillary
circulation is made
possible by the difference
between the hydrostatic
pressures of the venous
and arterial ends
of capillaries.

8. Arterial and
venous blood
pressure
Venous pressure is
the
vascular pressure in a
vein or in the atria of
the heart. It is much
lower than arterial
pressure, with
common values of 5
mmHg in the right
atrium and 8 mmHg in
the left atrium

10. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Components and functional anatomy of
respiratory system
• Mechanism of breathing
• Ventilation
• Regulation of respiration
• Transport of gases
• Hypoxia
• Artificial ventilation
• Non respiratory functions of the lungs.

11. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

12. Functional anatomy of respiratory
system

13. Mechanism of breathing
Ventilation
• Ventilation, or breathing,
is the movement of air
through the conducting
passages between the
atmosphere and the
lungs. The air moves
through the passages
because of pressure
gradients that are
produced by contraction
of the diaphragm and
thoracic muscles.

14. Ventilation
• Ventilation: The
exchange of air between
the lungs and the
atmosphere so that
oxygen can be
exchanged for carbon
dioxide in the alveoli
(the tiny air sacs in the
lungs).

15. Regulation of respiration
• The Medulla
• Its main function is to send
signals to the muscles that
control respiration to cause
breathing to occur. There
are two regions in the
medulla that
control respiration: The
ventral respiratory group
stimulates expiratory
movements. The
dorsal respiratory group
stimulates inspiratory
movements.

16. Neural regulation

17. Chemo regulation

18. Transport of gases
• Gas molecules move
from a region of high
concentration to a
region of low
concentration. Blood
that is low in oxygen
concentration and high
in carbon dioxide
concentration
undergoes gas exchang
e with air in the lungs.

19. Hypoxia
• Hypoxia is a condition in
which the body or a
region of the body is
deprived of adequate
oxygen supply at the
tissue level. Hypoxia may
be classified as either
generalized, affecting the
whole body, or local,
affecting a region of the
body

20. Artificial ventilation
• Artificial ventilation,
(also called artificial
respiration) is means of
assisting or
stimulating respiration, a
metabolic process
referring to the overall
exchange of gases in the
body by
pulmonary ventilation,
external respiration, and
internal respiration.

21. Non respiratory functions of the lungs.
• These non-respiratory
functions of the
lung include its own
defense against inspired
particulate matter, the
storage and filtration of
blood for the systemic
circulation, the handling
of vasoactive substances
in the blood, and the
formation and release of
substances used in the
alveoli or circulation.