This document provides an overview of the musculoskeletal system, including the names and classifications of bones and joints in the human body. It discusses the 206 total bones classified as long, short, flat, or irregular bones. The bones are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, limbs). Details are given on the specific bones in the axial and appendicular skeletons, including the 80 bones in the axial skeleton and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton. Common questions about bones are also provided.

1. GYAYTRI-MANTRA
MUSCULO-SKELETAL
SYSTEM
Mrs. Laxmi Gupta
HHM-Certificate(DSVV)
B.Sc. (DDU-Gorakhpur)
M.Sc.(DSVV)
NET( JAN-DEC, 2017)
Ph.D. (UoP)

2. SYLLABOUS-SKELETON
 NAMES OF ALL BONES
 JOINTS AND MUSCLES
 CARTILAGE, TENDON & LIGAMENTS
 TYPES OF BONE, JOINTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS
1. SPINE
 MUSCLES,& THEIR FUNCTIONS
 SKELETAL MUSCLES-PROPERTIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
 MUSCULAR CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION
 NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
 SARCOTUBULAR SYSTEM
 SMOOTH MUSCLE-MECHANISM OF CONCTRACTION.

3. TYPES OF BONES-206
• Types of Bones
• 1) LONG BONES – bones of the upper and lower
arms and legs as well as the metacarpals and
metatarsals.
• 2) SHORT BONES – carpals and tarsals
• 3) FLAT BONES – sternum, ribs, scapulae,
cranium
• 4) IRREGULAR BONES – vertebrae
• 5) SESAMOID BONES – patellae

4. SKELETAL DIVISIONS
• 1) Axial skeleton – skull, sternum, ribs, and
vertebrae (including sacrum)
• 2) Appendicular skeleton – bones of the
pectoral and pelvic girdles and of the arms,
legs, wrists, hands, ankles, and feet

5. AXIAL SKELETON-80
• IN THE SKULL (22)
• CRANIALBONES:(8)
– Frontal bone (1)
– Parietal bone (2)
– Temporal bone (2)
– Occipital bone (1)
– Sphenoid bone (1)
– Ethmoid bone (1)

6. FACIAL BONES: (14)
– zygomatic bone (2)
– superior and inferior maxilla (2)
– nasal bone (2)
– mandible (1)
– palatine bone (2)
– lacrimal bone (2)
– vomer bone (1)
– inferior nasal conchae (2)

7. EAR +THROAT+ (7)
• In the middle ears (6):
• malleus (2)
• incus (2)
• stapes (2)
• IN THE THROAT (1): hyoid bone

8. THORAXIC(25)+VERTEBRAL(26)
• In the thorax (25): sternum, ribs (2 x 12)
• In the vertebral column (26):
• cervical vertebrae (7) incl. atlas & axis
• thoracic vertebrae (12)
• lumbar vertebrae (5)
• Sacral (1)
• Coccyx(1)

9. APPENDICULAR-126
• PECTORIAL (shoulder giedles)
• Clavical (2)
• Scapula (2)
• In the arms :
• Humerus (2) condyles of humerus
• Ulna (2)
• Radius (2)

10. In the hands (54)
• Wrist (carpal) bones: (16)
– scaphoid bone (2)
– lunate bone (2)
– triquetrum bone (2)
– pisiform bone (2)
– Trapezium (bone) (2)
– trapezoid bone (2)
– capitate bone (2)
– hamate bone (2)

11. Palm or metacarpal bones
– metacarpal bones (5 × 2)
• Finger bones or phalanges:
– proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
– intermediate phalanges (4 × 2)
– distal phalanges (5 × 2)

12. In the pelvis (2)
• ossa coxa (hip bones or innominate bones) (2)

13. Legs bone (8)
 Femur (2) greater trochanter of femur & condyles
of femur
 Patella (2)
 Tibia (2)
 Fibula (2)

14. In the feet (52)
• Ankle (tarsal) bones:
• Calcaneus (heel) bone (2)
• Talus (2)
• Navicular bone (2)
• Medial cuneiform bone (2)
• Intermediate cineiform bone (2)
• Lateral cunieform bone (2)
• Coboidal bone(2)

16. Instep boes
metatarsalbone (5x2)
• Toe bones:
– proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
– intermediate phalanges (4 × 2)
– distal phalanges (5 × 2)

17. Some special bones in infants
• Sacral vertebrse (4 or 5)/sacrum
• Coccygeal vertebrae (3 to 5) / coccyx
• Ilium, ischium and pubis/pelvic girdle.

18. Q/A
• Largest bone?
• Smallest bone?
• Number of cranial bones?
• Number of vertebrae?
• Numbers of tarsales?
• Numbers of carples?
• Name the largest bone?
• Name the freefloated bone
• Numbers of appendiculars bone?

19. OM SHANTI, SHANTI, SHANTI
THNAKYOU
ALL THE BEST