Cardiovascular and respiratory system
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•119 views
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It discusses the functional anatomy of the heart, properties of cardiac muscle, the cardiac conduction system, and the cardiac cycle for the circulatory system. For the respiratory system, it outlines the components and functional anatomy, mechanisms of breathing, ventilation, regulation of respiration, gas transport, hypoxia, artificial ventilation, and non-respiratory functions of the lungs.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Pulmonary Ventilation and Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary ventilation and circulation were discussed. Key points included:
1. Pulmonary ventilation is the volume of air entering the lungs each minute, typically 500mL tidal volume at 12 breaths per minute for 6L/min total.
2. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of new air entering the alveoli each minute, calculated as tidal volume minus dead space.
3. Pulmonary circulation has low pressure, low resistance, and high compliance to efficiently oxygenate blood and accommodate blood volume shifts.
Gas exchange
The document summarizes the process of gas exchange in the human respiratory system. It describes the major organs involved, including the lungs, diaphragm, ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It explains how breathing in and out works via the contraction and relaxation of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. The roles of ciliated cells and mucus in protecting the lungs are also outlined. Finally, it provides details on the composition differences between inspired and expired air.
10. The Respratory System
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the respiratory system. It describes the upper respiratory tract including the nose, nasal passages, pharynx and larynx. It then details the lower respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. It explains the processes of inspiration, expiration, gas exchange and the control systems that regulate breathing.
Cardiovascular System
The human heart heart length, width, and thickness are 12 cm, 8.5 cm, and 6 cm, respectively. In addition, the mean weight of the heart is 280-340 g in males and 230-280 g in females.
respiratory system Physiology
This document provides an overview of respiratory physiology, covering the definition and function of respiration, the steps of respiration, the structure and function of the conducting and respiratory zones of the lungs, lung volumes and capacities, mechanics of breathing, gas exchange, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues, and control of breathing. Key points include that respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and body cells, occurring in five steps including ventilation, diffusion, transport, and cellular respiration. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli via differences in partial pressures and is facilitated by a large surface area and thin diffusion barrier. Oxygen is transported in both dissolved and hemoglobin-bound forms in the blood, while carbon
blood supply of lungs
The document discusses the blood supply of the lungs, which includes the bronchial circulation and pulmonary circulation.
The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the bronchi and lungs from the systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation supplies deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where gas exchange occurs in the pulmonary capillaries before oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium.
The document provides details on the development, anatomy, pressures, and functions of both the bronchial and pulmonary circulations in fetal, neonatal and adult stages. It also discusses factors that regulate pulmonary vascular resistance and the role of the pulmonary circulation in gas exchange, filtering blood, and acting as a reservoir for the left vent
7. cardiovascular system
✓Heart
✓Anatomy of heart
✓Blood circulation
✓Blood Vessels
✓Structure and function of artery, vein and capillaries
✓Elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat
✓Its regulation by nervous system
✓Cardiac output
✓Cardiac cycle
✓Regulation of bood pressure
✓Pulse
✓Electrocardiogram
✓Disorder of heart
Respiratory System_ST.ppt
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the respiratory system. It describes how oxygen passes from the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide passes from the bloodstream into the alveoli. The lungs, heart, blood vessels, and tissue cells work together to oxygenate tissues and remove carbon dioxide waste. Breathing is controlled both voluntarily and involuntarily through centers in the brainstem.
Recommended
Pulmonary Ventilation and Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary ventilation and circulation were discussed. Key points included:
1. Pulmonary ventilation is the volume of air entering the lungs each minute, typically 500mL tidal volume at 12 breaths per minute for 6L/min total.
2. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of new air entering the alveoli each minute, calculated as tidal volume minus dead space.
3. Pulmonary circulation has low pressure, low resistance, and high compliance to efficiently oxygenate blood and accommodate blood volume shifts.
Gas exchange
The document summarizes the process of gas exchange in the human respiratory system. It describes the major organs involved, including the lungs, diaphragm, ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It explains how breathing in and out works via the contraction and relaxation of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. The roles of ciliated cells and mucus in protecting the lungs are also outlined. Finally, it provides details on the composition differences between inspired and expired air.
10. The Respratory System
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the respiratory system. It describes the upper respiratory tract including the nose, nasal passages, pharynx and larynx. It then details the lower respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. It explains the processes of inspiration, expiration, gas exchange and the control systems that regulate breathing.
Cardiovascular System
The human heart heart length, width, and thickness are 12 cm, 8.5 cm, and 6 cm, respectively. In addition, the mean weight of the heart is 280-340 g in males and 230-280 g in females.
respiratory system Physiology
This document provides an overview of respiratory physiology, covering the definition and function of respiration, the steps of respiration, the structure and function of the conducting and respiratory zones of the lungs, lung volumes and capacities, mechanics of breathing, gas exchange, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues, and control of breathing. Key points include that respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and body cells, occurring in five steps including ventilation, diffusion, transport, and cellular respiration. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli via differences in partial pressures and is facilitated by a large surface area and thin diffusion barrier. Oxygen is transported in both dissolved and hemoglobin-bound forms in the blood, while carbon
blood supply of lungs
The document discusses the blood supply of the lungs, which includes the bronchial circulation and pulmonary circulation.
The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the bronchi and lungs from the systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation supplies deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where gas exchange occurs in the pulmonary capillaries before oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium.
The document provides details on the development, anatomy, pressures, and functions of both the bronchial and pulmonary circulations in fetal, neonatal and adult stages. It also discusses factors that regulate pulmonary vascular resistance and the role of the pulmonary circulation in gas exchange, filtering blood, and acting as a reservoir for the left vent
7. cardiovascular system
✓Heart
✓Anatomy of heart
✓Blood circulation
✓Blood Vessels
✓Structure and function of artery, vein and capillaries
✓Elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat
✓Its regulation by nervous system
✓Cardiac output
✓Cardiac cycle
✓Regulation of bood pressure
✓Pulse
✓Electrocardiogram
✓Disorder of heart
Respiratory System_ST.ppt
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the respiratory system. It describes how oxygen passes from the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide passes from the bloodstream into the alveoli. The lungs, heart, blood vessels, and tissue cells work together to oxygenate tissues and remove carbon dioxide waste. Breathing is controlled both voluntarily and involuntarily through centers in the brainstem.
Cardiovascular System Pathology 2014 edited by @jennings argwing
Cardiovascular System Pathology 2014 edited by @jennings argwingJennings Agingu jenningsadd@gmail.com
Pathology of the human cardiovascular system for clinical medicine students. Includes review of anatomy and physiology of the cvsUrinary system
The document provides an overview of the excretory system. It discusses the anatomy and functions of the kidneys, including their role in regulating blood composition, volume, and pressure. The kidneys filter blood to form urine, which passes through the ureters into the bladder and then exits the body through the urethra. The functional unit of the kidneys is the nephron, which filters blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbs or secretes substances along the renal tubule. The kidneys play an important role in homeostasis.
Pulmonary circulation
This document provides an overview of pulmonary circulation. It discusses:
1) The functional anatomy of the three circulations in the lungs - pulmonary, bronchial, and lymphatic.
2) The characteristic features of pulmonary circulation including its low pressure, resistance, and high capacitance.
3) The regulation of pulmonary blood flow through neural and chemical control mechanisms like hypoxia and hypercapnia.
4) How factors like gravity and exercise can impact regional pulmonary blood flow and alveolar ventilation.
Splanchnic circulation
1) The splanchnic circulation supplies blood to the gastrointestinal tract and accounts for 30% of total cardiac output. It is regulated by intrinsic, humoral, and extrinsic factors. Disorders include ischemic reperfusion injury and sepsis.
2) Abdominal compartment syndrome occurs when intra-abdominal pressure exceeds 20 mmHg and leads to organ dysfunction. It can be caused by diminished abdominal wall compliance, increased abdominal contents, or fluid resuscitation.
3) Abdominal compartment syndrome causes cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and central nervous system effects by increasing intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures. Management includes lowering intra-abdominal pressure non-surgically or with
Basic ap chapter 19 powerpoint 2017
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and the heart. It describes the heart as a muscular pump located in the chest cavity that circulates blood through two circuits - the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The heart has four chambers, valves to ensure one-way blood flow, and a conduction system to coordinate contractions. It discusses the cardiac cycle, heart sounds, cardiac output, and factors that influence pumping like preload and afterload. An electrocardiogram is described as a tool to monitor the heart's electrical activity.
Acute renal-failure
This document presents information on acute renal failure secondary to sepsis and a parapneumonic pleural effusion. It discusses the:
- Normal physiology of the lower respiratory, circulatory, and urinary systems involved
- Pathophysiology of a pleural effusion developing due to a parapneumonic infection and sepsis inducing acute kidney injury
- Clinical manifestations of a parapneumonic infection, pleural effusion, sepsis, and acute renal failure
- Diagnostic parameters for pneumonia, pleural effusion, sepsis, and acute renal failure
- Medical management of pneumonia including blood cultures, antibiotic administration, hydration, antipyretics, antitussives, bed rest, and oxygen therapy
Pulmonary circulation, pulmonary edema, pleural fluid
The document summarizes the physiology of the pulmonary circulatory system in three parts:
1) It describes the anatomy of the pulmonary vessels and pressures within the pulmonary system. The pulmonary artery branches into two main vessels with low pressure, distributing deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
2) It explains fluid dynamics within the lungs and how pulmonary edema develops if pressures rise above safety thresholds. The lungs maintain a negative interstitial pressure to prevent fluid buildup.
3) It covers fluid in the pleural cavity and how a negative pressure is needed to keep the lungs expanded via lymphatic drainage and fluid reabsorption. Pleural effusions can occur if drainage is blocked.
Anatomy and physiology of respiratory system
The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. It allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide through breathing. The nose and pharynx warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the blood in alveoli and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Breathing is driven by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which expand the chest cavity.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
The document discusses the functions of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and hormonal control in the urinary system. It describes the juxtaglomerular apparatus as a specialized structure located where the distal tubule contacts the renal corpuscle. It regulates renal functions through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin response to osmolarity levels which control water retention and excretion. These systems work together to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
PULMONARY CIRCULATION PHYSIOLOGY
The document summarizes the pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is oxygenated and carried by the pulmonary veins back to the left atrium. The bronchial artery supplies oxygenated blood to other lung structures. There is also a small physiological shunt where some deoxygenated blood from the bronchial circulation mixes with oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins without being oxygenated.
8. The Cardiovascular System
The document summarizes key aspects of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes the layers of the heart walls, chambers of the heart and blood flow path. It also outlines fetal circulation, heart sounds, factors influencing heart rate and cardiac output, electrocardiography, and vascular anatomy including major arteries and veins. Key structures like the sinoatrial node and heart valves are defined. Cardiac cycle phases of systole and diastole are explained.
Respiratory System, by Saliha Rais
the presentation "Respiratory System", was prepared for grade VI. it is according to the syllabus of Usman Public School System, Pakistan.
Unit 5 respiratory system nrs 237 new
The respiratory system has four main functions: supplying oxygen to the body, removing carbon dioxide, pulmonary ventilation, and transporting respiratory gases. It is divided into an upper conducting zone and lower respiratory zone. The respiratory zone includes alveoli which are the main site of gas exchange between air and blood through external respiration. Oxygen is transported in blood bound to hemoglobin while carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate, dissolved in plasma, and bound to hemoglobin. The brain controls respiration through chemoreceptors that detect changes in blood gases.
Splanchnic circulation
This is a presentation about splanchinc circulation.
Done by year 3 medical students at the University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.
Spring semester of 2010.
Cardiovascular path of the blood
The respiratory system takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide through diffusion in the lungs. The cardiovascular system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body's tissues via pulmonary and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where gas exchange occurs, and returns oxygenated blood to the heart. Systemic circulation then delivers oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body before returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart and starting the cycle again.
Nerve supply of the lungs
The document discusses the nerve supply of the lungs. The lungs receive nerve fibers from the pulmonary plexuses, including parasympathetic, sympathetic, and visceral afferent fibers. Parasympathetic fibers originate from the vagus nerves and act as bronchoconstrictors, vasodilators, and secretomotors. Sympathetic fibers originate from the thoracic spinal cord and act as bronchodilators, vasoconstrictors, and inhibit alveolar gland secretion. Visceral afferent fibers transmit reflexive and nociceptive sensory information. Abnormalities in these nerve pathways contribute to the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.
Anatomy of the stomach
The stomach is J-shaped and located in the upper abdomen. It has two openings, the cardiac and pyloric orifices, as well as two curvatures, the greater and lesser curvatures. The stomach is divided into four regions: the fundus, body, pyloric antrum, and pylorus. It receives blood supply from branches of the celiac artery and drains into the portal vein. The stomach is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
This document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes the major organs involved including the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It explains the process of breathing including inspiration initiated by diaphragm and intercostal muscle contraction, and expiration through relaxation of these muscles. It also discusses gas exchange, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, regulation of respiration, and some common respiratory disorders like asthma and emphysema.
Human Respiratory system
The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Its main function is to oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide through gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli. Air enters through the nose and is warmed and filtered before reaching the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into blood vessels and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The diaphragm and chest muscles facilitate breathing by expanding the lungs. Common respiratory disorders include COPD, lung cancer, asthma, and infections. The system develops fully after birth and declines with aging.
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Cardiovascular / Respiratory sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Cardio
Respiratory System Shaikh Sameer Pharm D I year.pdf
Respiratory system anatomy
Lungs
Mechanism of respiration
Regulation of respiration
Transport of respiratory gases
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Some important disorders
Respiratory..ppt
The document discusses various aspects of respiration physiology:
1. Respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and tissues, either through external respiration in the lungs or internal respiration in tissues.
2. The respiratory system includes the lungs, which are made up of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli for gas exchange.
3. Respiration occurs through inspiration and expiration, driven by muscles of respiration and changes in thoracic pressure and volume. Gas exchange takes place through pulmonary ventilation and diffusion between alveoli and blood.
More Related Content
What's hot
Cardiovascular System Pathology 2014 edited by @jennings argwing
Cardiovascular System Pathology 2014 edited by @jennings argwingJennings Agingu jenningsadd@gmail.com
Pathology of the human cardiovascular system for clinical medicine students. Includes review of anatomy and physiology of the cvsUrinary system
The document provides an overview of the excretory system. It discusses the anatomy and functions of the kidneys, including their role in regulating blood composition, volume, and pressure. The kidneys filter blood to form urine, which passes through the ureters into the bladder and then exits the body through the urethra. The functional unit of the kidneys is the nephron, which filters blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbs or secretes substances along the renal tubule. The kidneys play an important role in homeostasis.
Pulmonary circulation
This document provides an overview of pulmonary circulation. It discusses:
1) The functional anatomy of the three circulations in the lungs - pulmonary, bronchial, and lymphatic.
2) The characteristic features of pulmonary circulation including its low pressure, resistance, and high capacitance.
3) The regulation of pulmonary blood flow through neural and chemical control mechanisms like hypoxia and hypercapnia.
4) How factors like gravity and exercise can impact regional pulmonary blood flow and alveolar ventilation.
Splanchnic circulation
1) The splanchnic circulation supplies blood to the gastrointestinal tract and accounts for 30% of total cardiac output. It is regulated by intrinsic, humoral, and extrinsic factors. Disorders include ischemic reperfusion injury and sepsis.
2) Abdominal compartment syndrome occurs when intra-abdominal pressure exceeds 20 mmHg and leads to organ dysfunction. It can be caused by diminished abdominal wall compliance, increased abdominal contents, or fluid resuscitation.
3) Abdominal compartment syndrome causes cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and central nervous system effects by increasing intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures. Management includes lowering intra-abdominal pressure non-surgically or with
Basic ap chapter 19 powerpoint 2017
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and the heart. It describes the heart as a muscular pump located in the chest cavity that circulates blood through two circuits - the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The heart has four chambers, valves to ensure one-way blood flow, and a conduction system to coordinate contractions. It discusses the cardiac cycle, heart sounds, cardiac output, and factors that influence pumping like preload and afterload. An electrocardiogram is described as a tool to monitor the heart's electrical activity.
Acute renal-failure
This document presents information on acute renal failure secondary to sepsis and a parapneumonic pleural effusion. It discusses the:
- Normal physiology of the lower respiratory, circulatory, and urinary systems involved
- Pathophysiology of a pleural effusion developing due to a parapneumonic infection and sepsis inducing acute kidney injury
- Clinical manifestations of a parapneumonic infection, pleural effusion, sepsis, and acute renal failure
- Diagnostic parameters for pneumonia, pleural effusion, sepsis, and acute renal failure
- Medical management of pneumonia including blood cultures, antibiotic administration, hydration, antipyretics, antitussives, bed rest, and oxygen therapy
Pulmonary circulation, pulmonary edema, pleural fluid
The document summarizes the physiology of the pulmonary circulatory system in three parts:
1) It describes the anatomy of the pulmonary vessels and pressures within the pulmonary system. The pulmonary artery branches into two main vessels with low pressure, distributing deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
2) It explains fluid dynamics within the lungs and how pulmonary edema develops if pressures rise above safety thresholds. The lungs maintain a negative interstitial pressure to prevent fluid buildup.
3) It covers fluid in the pleural cavity and how a negative pressure is needed to keep the lungs expanded via lymphatic drainage and fluid reabsorption. Pleural effusions can occur if drainage is blocked.
Anatomy and physiology of respiratory system
The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. It allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide through breathing. The nose and pharynx warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the blood in alveoli and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Breathing is driven by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which expand the chest cavity.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
The document discusses the functions of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and hormonal control in the urinary system. It describes the juxtaglomerular apparatus as a specialized structure located where the distal tubule contacts the renal corpuscle. It regulates renal functions through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin response to osmolarity levels which control water retention and excretion. These systems work together to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
PULMONARY CIRCULATION PHYSIOLOGY
The document summarizes the pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is oxygenated and carried by the pulmonary veins back to the left atrium. The bronchial artery supplies oxygenated blood to other lung structures. There is also a small physiological shunt where some deoxygenated blood from the bronchial circulation mixes with oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins without being oxygenated.
8. The Cardiovascular System
The document summarizes key aspects of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes the layers of the heart walls, chambers of the heart and blood flow path. It also outlines fetal circulation, heart sounds, factors influencing heart rate and cardiac output, electrocardiography, and vascular anatomy including major arteries and veins. Key structures like the sinoatrial node and heart valves are defined. Cardiac cycle phases of systole and diastole are explained.
Respiratory System, by Saliha Rais
the presentation "Respiratory System", was prepared for grade VI. it is according to the syllabus of Usman Public School System, Pakistan.
Unit 5 respiratory system nrs 237 new
The respiratory system has four main functions: supplying oxygen to the body, removing carbon dioxide, pulmonary ventilation, and transporting respiratory gases. It is divided into an upper conducting zone and lower respiratory zone. The respiratory zone includes alveoli which are the main site of gas exchange between air and blood through external respiration. Oxygen is transported in blood bound to hemoglobin while carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate, dissolved in plasma, and bound to hemoglobin. The brain controls respiration through chemoreceptors that detect changes in blood gases.
Splanchnic circulation
This is a presentation about splanchinc circulation.
Done by year 3 medical students at the University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.
Spring semester of 2010.
Cardiovascular path of the blood
The respiratory system takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide through diffusion in the lungs. The cardiovascular system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body's tissues via pulmonary and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where gas exchange occurs, and returns oxygenated blood to the heart. Systemic circulation then delivers oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body before returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart and starting the cycle again.
Nerve supply of the lungs
The document discusses the nerve supply of the lungs. The lungs receive nerve fibers from the pulmonary plexuses, including parasympathetic, sympathetic, and visceral afferent fibers. Parasympathetic fibers originate from the vagus nerves and act as bronchoconstrictors, vasodilators, and secretomotors. Sympathetic fibers originate from the thoracic spinal cord and act as bronchodilators, vasoconstrictors, and inhibit alveolar gland secretion. Visceral afferent fibers transmit reflexive and nociceptive sensory information. Abnormalities in these nerve pathways contribute to the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.
Anatomy of the stomach
The stomach is J-shaped and located in the upper abdomen. It has two openings, the cardiac and pyloric orifices, as well as two curvatures, the greater and lesser curvatures. The stomach is divided into four regions: the fundus, body, pyloric antrum, and pylorus. It receives blood supply from branches of the celiac artery and drains into the portal vein. The stomach is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
This document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes the major organs involved including the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It explains the process of breathing including inspiration initiated by diaphragm and intercostal muscle contraction, and expiration through relaxation of these muscles. It also discusses gas exchange, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, regulation of respiration, and some common respiratory disorders like asthma and emphysema.
Human Respiratory system
The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Its main function is to oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide through gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli. Air enters through the nose and is warmed and filtered before reaching the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into blood vessels and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The diaphragm and chest muscles facilitate breathing by expanding the lungs. Common respiratory disorders include COPD, lung cancer, asthma, and infections. The system develops fully after birth and declines with aging.
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Cardiovascular / Respiratory sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Cardio
What's hot (20)
Cardiovascular System Pathology 2014 edited by @jennings argwing
Cardiovascular System Pathology 2014 edited by @jennings argwing
Pulmonary circulation, pulmonary edema, pleural fluid
Pulmonary circulation, pulmonary edema, pleural fluid
Similar to Cardiovascular and respiratory system
Respiratory System Shaikh Sameer Pharm D I year.pdf
Respiratory system anatomy
Lungs
Mechanism of respiration
Regulation of respiration
Transport of respiratory gases
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Some important disorders
Respiratory..ppt
The document discusses various aspects of respiration physiology:
1. Respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and tissues, either through external respiration in the lungs or internal respiration in tissues.
2. The respiratory system includes the lungs, which are made up of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli for gas exchange.
3. Respiration occurs through inspiration and expiration, driven by muscles of respiration and changes in thoracic pressure and volume. Gas exchange takes place through pulmonary ventilation and diffusion between alveoli and blood.
Exercise physiology
The ventilatory and cardiovascular systems work together to increase oxygen delivery during exercise in order to maintain homeostasis. The ventilatory system increases breathing rate and volume through actions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The cardiovascular system increases cardiac output through higher heart rate and stroke volume to distribute more blood to working muscles. Both systems must precisely coordinate their responses to exercise in order to meet increased demand for oxygen while removing carbon dioxide.
REGULATION OF RESPIRATION / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Respiratory system
The document provides an overview of the respiratory system, including its anatomy and physiology. It discusses the upper and lower respiratory tract, the structures involved like the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and their functions. It explains the mechanics of breathing, gas exchange that occurs in the lungs and tissues, and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body. It also discusses the neural control of respiration and factors that can affect breathing and gas transport.
Respiratory anatomy ppt2020 vo
The respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It is composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and related structures. The nose warms and moisturizes inhaled air before it reaches the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen diffuses into blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The respiratory center controls breathing and is sensitive to carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the blood.
The Respiratory system
i know it is help full for all the nursing student....to increasing the knowledge about respiratory system.
Ventilation (1)
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. It discusses the major components including the upper airways (nose and pharynx), lower airways (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree), and lungs (with 2 lobes on the left and 3 on the right). It also describes the conducting and respiratory zones functionally, with the conducting zone warming, humidifying, and conducting air during ventilation, and the respiratory zone being the site of gas exchange during respiration in the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. Proper pulmonary mechanics involving compliance, resistance, and the actions of the respiratory muscles and chest wall are also summarized.
Cardiopulmonary system.pptx 1.pptx
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the cardiopulmonary system. It describes the major components of the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. It then explains the process of gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli and how oxygen is used in cellular respiration. Next, it details the anatomy and functioning of the heart and circulatory system including the layers of the heart wall, coronary blood supply and the roles of arteries, veins and capillaries. It concludes by discussing pathophysiology of conditions like ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respiration
The document summarizes key aspects of the respiratory system. It discusses that respiration provides oxygen for metabolism and removes carbon dioxide, and also facilitates smell and speech. It describes the functions of external and internal respiration. It outlines the passageways of air from the nasal cavity and pharynx down to the alveoli. It discusses the lungs as the site of gas exchange and pulmonary circulation. It also summarizes control of breathing including local control to maintain ventilation-perfusion ratio and central control through respiratory centers and respiratory reflexes.
Cardiopulmonary system overview
The cardiorespiratory system has two main functions: (1) to transport oxygen to tissues and remove waste, and (2) regulate body temperature. It consists of the cardiac system including the heart and blood vessels, and the respiratory system including the respiratory passageways and lungs. Together, these systems work to ensure proper gas exchange between the body and atmosphere by collecting oxygen from the environment and transporting it to tissues via the bloodstream.
The respiratory system
the beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you...so study and hard .....i hope it is helpful to you and its useful for study...best of luck
Introduction Respiratory.ppt
The respiratory system has three main functions: pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration. Pulmonary ventilation involves the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and lungs. External respiration is the exchange of gases between the lungs and blood. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between blood capillaries and tissues. The principal organs involved are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The respiratory tract can be divided into conducting zones which warm and filter air, and respiratory zones containing alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
Mechanics of breathing
This document discusses lung anatomy and function, including:
- The structure of the airways, with cartilage rings in the trachea and smooth muscle in the bronchi.
- Pulmonary circulation, with low-pressure, highly compliant arteries and veins.
- Pressure changes during breathing that cause air to flow into and out of the lungs.
- Elastic recoil of lung tissue and surface tension forces that normally cause the lungs to collapse.
- Surfactants that reduce surface tension and help keep alveoli open.
- Pulmonary volumes such as tidal volume and functional residual capacity.
- How alveolar ventilation is calculated based on tidal volume and dead space.
HAP 5 SEMESTER 2 BPHARMACY PCI SYLLABUSS
1. The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and associated structures. The lungs are paired organs located in the thoracic cavity.
2. Breathing is regulated by respiratory centers in the brain and chemical receptors. During inhalation, muscles contract to increase the chest cavity and draw air into the lungs. Oxygen then diffuses into blood and tissues while carbon dioxide diffuses out.
3. Lung volumes include tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, and vital capacity. Together they describe the lungs' capacity to inhale and exhale air.
Respiratory System ppt.pptx
The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Its main function is to oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide through gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Air enters through the nose where it is warmed and filtered before passing through the pharynx and larynx into the trachea and branching bronchi. The bronchi terminate in alveoli in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the respiratory membrane into and out of pulmonary capillaries. Respiration is regulated by neural centers in the brainstem and influenced by chemical and physical factors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases like chronic bronchitis and emphysema involve inflammation and
Respiratory System (afreen khan)
The human respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the external environment and tissues within the body. It consists of the respiratory tract and respiratory organs. The respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The lungs contain alveoli which facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide out. Breathing is controlled by the respiratory centers in the medulla and involves inspiration through muscle contraction and expiration through relaxation. Disorders can disrupt gas exchange like asthma and emphysema.
The respiratory system
The respiratory system involves the exchange of gases through breathing. It consists of the upper respiratory tract which includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx and trachea, and the lower respiratory tract which includes the lungs. The nose warms and filters inhaled air before it reaches the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood in the alveoli while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli to be exhaled. The circulatory system then transports oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away from tissues in a continuous exchange process.
HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS AND BIO-DESIGNS - 2 (QUALITATIVE)_.pptx
The document summarizes various human organ systems and bioengineering solutions. It discusses the lungs as a purification system through gas exchange mechanisms in the alveoli and treatments for conditions like COPD. It also describes the kidneys as a filtration system through the nephrons and treatments for chronic kidney disease like dialysis. Finally, it outlines the muscular and skeletal systems as scaffolds for movement through muscle contraction and discusses bioengineering solutions for conditions like muscular dystrophy and osteoporosis that aim to improve muscle function.
Design of artificial respiratory model
Design of Artificial Respiratory Model.. Know about the respiratory system.
The respiratory system consists of the upper respiratory tract (nasal passages), the airway conduction system (larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles), and the lower respiratory tract (alveolar ducts and alveoli). Not all segments of the respiratory system mature at the same pace. The olfactory epithelium matures earliest by PND 7. The lung, however, is not considered mature until PND 21, when alveolarization and microvascular maturation are complete. This chapter will discuss the embryological development (briefly), adult histomorphology, and postnatal histologic development of each major component of the respiratory system.
Similar to Cardiovascular and respiratory system (20)
Respiratory System Shaikh Sameer Pharm D I year.pdf
Respiratory System Shaikh Sameer Pharm D I year.pdf
REGULATION OF RESPIRATION / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy
REGULATION OF RESPIRATION / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy
HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS AND BIO-DESIGNS - 2 (QUALITATIVE)_.pptx
HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS AND BIO-DESIGNS - 2 (QUALITATIVE)_.pptx
More from Gupta clinic and Yoga Centre
Day 1-muskuloskeletal
This document provides an overview of the musculoskeletal system, including the names and classifications of bones and joints in the human body. It discusses the 206 total bones classified as long, short, flat, or irregular bones. The bones are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, limbs). Details are given on the specific bones in the axial and appendicular skeletons, including the 80 bones in the axial skeleton and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton. Common questions about bones are also provided.
Reproductive system
The document discusses the male and female reproductive systems. It covers the anatomy of both the male reproductive system and the female reproductive system in a brief manner.
Nervous systen
The document discusses the nervous system and glands. It describes the structure and functions of neurons, the divisions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and sensory and motor neurons. It also discusses synapses, reflexes, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barriers, and the differences between endocrine and exocrine glands. Finally, it provides examples of hormones and their roles in the body.
Muskuloskeleton day 2
The document discusses the structure and function of muscles in the human body. It covers the three main types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles - and their functions. Skeletal muscles are voluntary and allow movement, while smooth muscles are involuntary and work automatically in organs. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart. The major skeletal muscles and their actions are named. Muscle contraction types and how muscles work in pairs are explained. The roles of tendons and muscle tone are also summarized.
Immune system
The immune system protects the body from infection through a complex network of cells and proteins. It has both primary organs that produce immune cells like the bone marrow and thymus, and secondary organs that process antigens like lymph nodes and the spleen. The major function of the immune system is to recognize foreign substances and protect the integrity of the body through distinguishing self from non-self. The endocrine system includes glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, pancreas, adrenals, ovaries, and testicles that secrete hormones to regulate important bodily functions.
Digestive and excreatory system
The document discusses the digestive and excretory systems. It provides details on the anatomy and functions of the digestive system, including gastric and pancreatic secretions and peristalsis. It also describes how the digestive and excretory systems work in parallel, with the digestive system breaking down food and the excretory system filtering waste from the bloodstream. Gastrointestinal hormones that regulate the digestive system are categorized into families based on their chemical structure. The excretory system and its component organs are also mentioned but not described in detail.
Day 4 skeletal & smooth muscle contraction
The sarcotubular system relates to the membranes, vesicles, and tubules in muscle fibers that make up the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules. The neuromuscular junction allows a motor neuron to transmit a signal to a muscle fiber, causing contraction. Muscle contraction occurs when calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to an action potential, causing the actin and myosin filaments to interact and shorten the muscle fiber. Muscle relaxation happens when calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, detaching the actin and myosin.
Day 3
Cartilage is a connective tissue found in joints between bones. It is made up of cells called chondrocytes that produce collagen, proteoglycans, and elastin. There are no blood vessels in cartilage, so it repairs and grows slowly. Tendons connect muscle to bone and are made of collagen, while ligaments connect bones to other bones. Joints are points where bones connect, allowing movement, and can be classified by the tissue present and degree of movement. Common joint disorders include dislocations, sprains, bursitis, and various forms of arthritis.
General psychology
This document provides an overview of topics in general psychology including altered states of consciousness, sleep stages and disorders, behavioral psychology, personality development, and cognitive psychology. It discusses altered states of consciousness and defines sleep stages including stage 1 sleep associated with alpha and theta brain waves. Regarding sleep disorders, it notes that while occasional sleeping problems are common, consistent issues interfering with daily life may indicate a disorder, along with symptoms like difficulty falling asleep, daytime fatigue, and irritability.
More from Gupta clinic and Yoga Centre (9)
Recently uploaded
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian Failure
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
nhs fpx 4000 assessment 4 analyzing a current health care problem or issue.pdf
nhs fpx 4000 assessment 4 analyzing a current health care problem or issue.pdf
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
More@: https://tinyurl.com/2shrryhx
More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
Monopoly PCD Pharma Franchise in Tripura
Our company incorporates various drug formulations covering pharma tablets, syrups, capsules, gels, sachets, ointments, creams, injectables.
PrudentRx: A Resource for Patient Education and Engagement
PrudentRx enhances healthcare by educating patients and ensuring effective medication management in a complex, evolving landscape.
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
Contact @ +971 529818279
Visit @ https://malayalikeralaspaajman.com/
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near You
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Know Latest Hiranandani Hospital Powai News.pdf
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Mental Health and Physical Wellbeing.pdf
Mental Health and well-being Presentation. Exploring innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing mental well-being. Discover cutting-edge research, effective strategies, and practical methods for fostering mental well-being.
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Recently uploaded (20)
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian Failure
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian Failure
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...
nhs fpx 4000 assessment 4 analyzing a current health care problem or issue.pdf
nhs fpx 4000 assessment 4 analyzing a current health care problem or issue.pdf
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...
PrudentRx: A Resource for Patient Education and Engagement
PrudentRx: A Resource for Patient Education and Engagement
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near You
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near You
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Cardiovascular and respiratory system
- 2. syllabus Circulatory system-functional anatomy of heart Properties of cardiac muscles Conducting system of the heart Cardiac cycle Capillary circulation Arterial and venous blood pressure
- 3. Circulatory system-functional anatomy of heart • Heart • Blood • Vessels
- 4. Properties of cardiac muscles
- 6. Cardiac cycle •Aortic pressure •Atrial pressure •Ventricular pressure •Ventricular volume •Heart sounds
- 7. Capillary Circulation Capillary Circulation. the movement of blood through the smallest blood vessels, or capillaries, providing for the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues. Capillary circulation is made possible by the difference between the hydrostatic pressures of the venous and arterial ends of capillaries.
- 8. Arterial and venous blood pressure Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or in the atria of the heart. It is much lower than arterial pressure, with common values of 5 mmHg in the right atrium and 8 mmHg in the left atrium
- 10. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Components and functional anatomy of respiratory system • Mechanism of breathing • Ventilation • Regulation of respiration • Transport of gases • Hypoxia • Artificial ventilation • Non respiratory functions of the lungs.
- 12. Functional anatomy of respiratory system
- 13. Mechanism of breathing Ventilation • Ventilation, or breathing, is the movement of air through the conducting passages between the atmosphere and the lungs. The air moves through the passages because of pressure gradients that are produced by contraction of the diaphragm and thoracic muscles.
- 14. Ventilation • Ventilation: The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs).
- 15. Regulation of respiration • The Medulla • Its main function is to send signals to the muscles that control respiration to cause breathing to occur. There are two regions in the medulla that control respiration: The ventral respiratory group stimulates expiratory movements. The dorsal respiratory group stimulates inspiratory movements.
- 17. Chemo regulation
- 18. Transport of gases • Gas molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Blood that is low in oxygen concentration and high in carbon dioxide concentration undergoes gas exchang e with air in the lungs.
- 19. Hypoxia • Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. Hypoxia may be classified as either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body
- 20. Artificial ventilation • Artificial ventilation, (also called artificial respiration) is means of assisting or stimulating respiration, a metabolic process referring to the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration.
- 21. Non respiratory functions of the lungs. • These non-respiratory functions of the lung include its own defense against inspired particulate matter, the storage and filtration of blood for the systemic circulation, the handling of vasoactive substances in the blood, and the formation and release of substances used in the alveoli or circulation.