Immune system
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The immune system protects the body from infection through a complex network of cells and proteins. It has both primary organs that produce immune cells like the bone marrow and thymus, and secondary organs that process antigens like lymph nodes and the spleen. The major function of the immune system is to recognize foreign substances and protect the integrity of the body through distinguishing self from non-self. The endocrine system includes glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, pancreas, adrenals, ovaries, and testicles that secrete hormones to regulate important bodily functions.
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Immune system slides
The document discusses the immune system, which protects the body from disease. It has an innate immune system with physical barriers and cells like phagocytes and natural killer cells that are always present to fight microbes. If pathogens evade this innate response, vertebrates have an acquired immune system activated by the innate response. The acquired immune system adapts its response during infection to improve pathogen recognition, retain immunological memory, and launch faster, stronger attacks if the pathogen is encountered again.
Immunity in english
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
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#immunity,#acquiredimmunity,#innateimmunity,#activeimmunity, #passiveimmuniyt,#childhealthnursing#anm,#gnm,#bscnursing
IMMUNITY AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It defines immunity as the natural or acquired resistance of an individual to pathogens. The immune system is a complex system that distinguishes self from non-self and provides defense against infectious agents. Immunology is the study of the immune system and immune responses. The immune system includes innate immunity, which provides a natural defense, and acquired immunity, which develops from exposure to pathogens. Key components of the immune system are antigens, antibodies, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and lymphoid organs that help the immune system function.
Immune System slides
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. The innate immune system provides immediate response through physical barriers like skin and mucus as well as internal defenses like phagocytes and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates an antigen-specific response using B and T cells. The document also discusses active and passive immunity, humoral versus cell-mediated immunity, and how vaccines work to stimulate immune response.
Unit 2 immune systems
The document discusses the human immune system. It describes how the innate immune system provides an immediate response to pathogens through physical barriers and cells. If pathogens breach these defenses, the adaptive immune system provides a targeted response through B cells and T cells. The adaptive system also develops immunological memory to mount faster responses. Vaccinations work by exposing the immune system to antigens to develop immunity without causing disease.
Immune system INTRODUCTION
The document summarizes key aspects of the human immune system. It describes the immune system as the body's defense against disease-causing organisms and foreign particles. The immune system includes both innate and adaptive defenses. The innate system provides non-specific protection through physical and chemical barriers like the skin and stomach acid. It also includes cells that recognize and eliminate pathogens. The adaptive system has specialized cells like T and B cells that provide targeted defenses through cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. The document outlines the roles of these different immune components.
Human natural defence system
The document summarizes the host defenses against microbial pathogens. It describes the three lines of defense as: 1) physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus, 2) innate immune responses involving phagocytes and inflammation, and 3) adaptive immune responses mediated by B and T lymphocytes and antibodies. Key aspects covered include the roles of leukocytes, lymph nodes, interferon, complement, and the specificity of adaptive immunity.
Unit 2 immune systems(1)
This document summarizes the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It discusses the barriers that prevent pathogen entry and the components of the innate system that provide an immediate response, like phagocytes. The acquired system mounts a pathogen-specific response through B and T cells. It also covers the differences between these systems and gives examples of vaccination methods that stimulate immune memory.
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Immune system slides
The document discusses the immune system, which protects the body from disease. It has an innate immune system with physical barriers and cells like phagocytes and natural killer cells that are always present to fight microbes. If pathogens evade this innate response, vertebrates have an acquired immune system activated by the innate response. The acquired immune system adapts its response during infection to improve pathogen recognition, retain immunological memory, and launch faster, stronger attacks if the pathogen is encountered again.
Immunity in english
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
YOU CAN JOIN FACEBOOK GROUP FOR MORE SUCH VIDEOS BY THIS LINK- https://www.facebook.com/groups/241390897133057/
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG - https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsupportsystem_nursing/
Twitter-https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
#immunity,#acquiredimmunity,#innateimmunity,#activeimmunity, #passiveimmuniyt,#childhealthnursing#anm,#gnm,#bscnursing
IMMUNITY AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It defines immunity as the natural or acquired resistance of an individual to pathogens. The immune system is a complex system that distinguishes self from non-self and provides defense against infectious agents. Immunology is the study of the immune system and immune responses. The immune system includes innate immunity, which provides a natural defense, and acquired immunity, which develops from exposure to pathogens. Key components of the immune system are antigens, antibodies, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and lymphoid organs that help the immune system function.
Immune System slides
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. The innate immune system provides immediate response through physical barriers like skin and mucus as well as internal defenses like phagocytes and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates an antigen-specific response using B and T cells. The document also discusses active and passive immunity, humoral versus cell-mediated immunity, and how vaccines work to stimulate immune response.
Unit 2 immune systems
The document discusses the human immune system. It describes how the innate immune system provides an immediate response to pathogens through physical barriers and cells. If pathogens breach these defenses, the adaptive immune system provides a targeted response through B cells and T cells. The adaptive system also develops immunological memory to mount faster responses. Vaccinations work by exposing the immune system to antigens to develop immunity without causing disease.
Immune system INTRODUCTION
The document summarizes key aspects of the human immune system. It describes the immune system as the body's defense against disease-causing organisms and foreign particles. The immune system includes both innate and adaptive defenses. The innate system provides non-specific protection through physical and chemical barriers like the skin and stomach acid. It also includes cells that recognize and eliminate pathogens. The adaptive system has specialized cells like T and B cells that provide targeted defenses through cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. The document outlines the roles of these different immune components.
Human natural defence system
The document summarizes the host defenses against microbial pathogens. It describes the three lines of defense as: 1) physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus, 2) innate immune responses involving phagocytes and inflammation, and 3) adaptive immune responses mediated by B and T lymphocytes and antibodies. Key aspects covered include the roles of leukocytes, lymph nodes, interferon, complement, and the specificity of adaptive immunity.
Unit 2 immune systems(1)
This document summarizes the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It discusses the barriers that prevent pathogen entry and the components of the innate system that provide an immediate response, like phagocytes. The acquired system mounts a pathogen-specific response through B and T cells. It also covers the differences between these systems and gives examples of vaccination methods that stimulate immune memory.
Immunology
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It describes two types of immunity: innate immunity, which is non-specific, and acquired immunity. The immune system consists of primary lymphoid organs like the thymus and bone marrow where immune cells develop, and secondary lymphoid organs like the spleen and lymph nodes where immune responses are initiated. Key cells include B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, and the complement system. The immune response involves both cellular responses by T cells and humoral responses by B cells and antibodies.
First line of defense ( barrier mechanisms)
Immunity is the capability of organisms to resist harmful microorganisms. It involves both specific and nonspecific components. The document discusses three lines of defense in the immune system: physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes; defensive cells and proteins, inflammation, and fever; and the immune system. The first line of defense consists of physical and chemical barriers that prevent foreign agents from penetrating the body without targeting any specific pathogen. These barriers include the skin, mucous membranes, sweat, mucous, saliva, tears, and ear wax.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture #9
The document discusses nonspecific defense mechanisms, which provide immediate protection against pathogens as the first line of defense. It describes various physical and chemical barriers that block pathogen entry like the skin and mucous membranes. It also outlines cellular defenses such as phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens. Additionally, it examines soluble factors like complement proteins, lysozyme, and interferons that directly kill microbes or enhance immune responses.
Life sciences lesson2
The document describes the human immune system and how it protects the body from pathogens like viruses and bacteria. It discusses both the innate immune response, which provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytes, and the acquired immune response, which adapts over time to improve recognition and response. The acquired response results in immunological memory that allows faster responses upon reexposure to a pathogen. Key components of the immune system include white blood cells, antibodies, antigens, and the development of active immunity through vaccination or prior exposure.
Inmunidad Basica
This document discusses key concepts of clinical immunology and provides an overview of the immune system. It describes the immune system's ability to distinguish self from non-self, generate immunological memory, conduct immune surveillance, and develop central and peripheral tolerance. The document also notes that the immune and inflammatory systems work together through a biological amplification system to enhance the immune response against pathogens.
Basics of Immunity Presentation
Immunology is the science that studies the structure and functioning of the Immune system.
In this presentation i have included 25 slides on "Immunity basics"
Visit: www.Biochemden.in
www.Immunologyden.blogspot.com
www.CsirNetLifeSciences.com
Immune system
This document is a biology project on the immune system prepared by a student for their class. It includes sections on what the immune system is, the major cells involved, what controls the immune system, and summaries of key topics like antibodies, immunotherapy, how the immune system works, immunization, and autoimmunity. Certification is provided by signatures of the student, teachers, and principal.
Immune System
The document discusses the human immune system and how it protects the body from pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. It describes both non-specific defenses like skin, mucous membranes and phagocytosis by white blood cells. It also describes specific immune defenses like B cells and T cells that provide long-lasting immunity. It outlines how antibodies are produced in response to antigens and how vaccines work to trigger immune memory. It also discusses HIV/AIDS and how HIV attacks T cells and weakens the immune system over time.
Immunology microbiology by nilesh sharma
Immunology microbiology by nilesh sharmaDepartment of Pharmacy ,NIMS Institute of Pharmacy,NIMS University Rajasthan ,Jaipur.
This document provides an overview of immunology and microbiology. It defines immunology as the study of protection from foreign substances and responses to them. It describes the types of immunity as innate, acquired, humoral, and cellular. It discusses the organs of the immune system including primary lymphoid organs like bone marrow and thymus, and secondary lymphoid organs like spleen and lymph nodes. It also summarizes concepts like phagocytosis, bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins, and importance of immune boosters like protein and vitamin C.The immune system
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self, and to recognize and reject what is foreign.
White blood cells, muller, brito p. 2013
White blood cells defend the body against disease and are comprised of lymphocytes and phagocytes. Phagocytes engulf and digest waste, bacteria, and foreign bodies to provide innate immunity as the body's first line of defense, while lymphocytes are smaller white blood cells that produce antibodies and aid immune responses to fight infection. The nucleus of lymphocytes is larger than in phagocytes, whose nucleus is lobed.
Functional organization of the Immune System
The immune system consists of a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to defend the body from pathogens. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, produce immune cells. The secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes and spleen, contain specialized compartments where immune cells gather and respond to antigens. Immune cells travel between the blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissues to carry out functions like pathogen recognition and elimination.
Immunology
The document provides an overview of the immune system, including both the innate and adaptive immune systems. It discusses the key components and cells involved in each system.
The innate immune system is the first line of defense and includes physical barriers, defense mechanisms, and general immune responses. It uses nonspecific responses to quickly identify and respond to pathogens. The adaptive immune system has a delayed but stronger and more targeted response. It uses B cells and T cells to produce antibodies and mount a cell-mediated response. Together, the innate and adaptive immune systems work to protect the body from disease.
Nonspecific defenses
The document describes the non-specific defenses that provide the body's first line of defense against pathogens. These include physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as protective secretions from the skin, stomach, saliva and tears. The second line of defenses activate the complement system and interferons to further attack pathogens, and use phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages, as well as natural killer cells, to engulf and destroy pathogens. Fever, inflammation, and the inflammatory response are also discussed as beneficial secondary defenses that help the body fight infection and heal tissue damage.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
if you want to get short and concise ,authentic material regarding immune system you can easily get without any hurdle.
Sub 1[1].5 form 5
The document discusses the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: non-specific defenses as the first line (skin, mucous membranes); phagocytosis by white blood cells as the second line; and the specific immune response involving antibodies produced by lymphocytes as the third line. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, immunity, and different types of immunity including active and passive immunity acquired naturally or through vaccination and immunization.
The human immune system- BASICS
The document summarizes the body's immune response in three levels of defense:
1. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucus membranes, as well as fluids like saliva and stomach acid that kill invaders.
2. White blood cells called phagocytes attack and engulf foreign particles, breaking them down in lysosomes.
3. Additional immune responses include interferon that prevents viral spread, T-cells that recognize and kill infected cells, and inflammation that responds to injuries.
The human immune system
The document discusses the human immune system. It has three lines of defense - physical, chemical, and cellular barriers that protect the body. The skin, mucus, stomach acid, and white blood cells comprise these barriers. There are two divisions of the immune system: cell-mediated and antibody-mediated. The cell-mediated system uses phagocytes and T-cells to attack invaders, while the antibody-mediated system uses B-cells to produce antibodies to target specific foreign substances. Immunity can be active, gained from vaccines producing long-term antibodies, or passive, from injecting pre-made antibodies for immediate but short-term protection.
Immunology
Immunology is the study of the immune system and its functions in health and disease. The immune system protects the body from pathogens through a variety of immune cells and mechanisms. When pathogens enter the body, the first line of defense attempts to prevent entry through physical barriers like skin. If pathogens enter, the second line of defense responds through phagocytic immune cells that engulf and destroy the pathogens. Antibodies are produced by B cells and aid in defense against pathogens through mechanisms like agglutination and complement activation. Antigens are substances that induce an immune response, and antigen presenting cells capture and present antigens to activate other immune cells.
Immune system
The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. It is made up of white blood cells, organs, and tissues that work together to identify foreign substances in the body. There are two main types of white blood cells - phagocytes that attack pathogens directly, and lymphocytes that recognize specific pathogens and help the body destroy them. The immune system is located throughout the body and involves organs like the thyroid and adrenal glands. When pathogens invade the body, immune cells work together to produce antibodies that lock onto the pathogens and mark them for destruction. This immune response remains in the body in case of future infections. However, cancers can also develop from immune cells themselves, such as lymphomas and leukem
SHS.301.Lect13.pptx
1. The document discusses the immune system, including its two main arms - innate and adaptive immunity. It describes key cells involved like macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, NK cells, B cells, T cells and their roles.
2. Important concepts covered include the adaptive immune system producing long-lasting active immunity through antibodies and memory cells. Innate immunity provides immediate but non-specific responses.
3. The roles and characteristics of the major classes of antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD) are defined. The document also examines antigens, antigen presentation through MHC molecules, and the complement system.
The immune system
The immune system has two main lines of defense - innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific). The innate system provides immediate protection and involves physical and chemical barriers like skin and stomach acid. If pathogens breach these barriers, the second line uses phagocytes, natural killer cells, and inflammation to attack invaders. The adaptive system has a delayed but stronger response that involves lymphocytes. It distinguishes self from non-self and has immunological memory, providing lifelong protection against reinfection.
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The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It describes two types of immunity: innate immunity, which is non-specific, and acquired immunity. The immune system consists of primary lymphoid organs like the thymus and bone marrow where immune cells develop, and secondary lymphoid organs like the spleen and lymph nodes where immune responses are initiated. Key cells include B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, and the complement system. The immune response involves both cellular responses by T cells and humoral responses by B cells and antibodies.
First line of defense ( barrier mechanisms)
Immunity is the capability of organisms to resist harmful microorganisms. It involves both specific and nonspecific components. The document discusses three lines of defense in the immune system: physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes; defensive cells and proteins, inflammation, and fever; and the immune system. The first line of defense consists of physical and chemical barriers that prevent foreign agents from penetrating the body without targeting any specific pathogen. These barriers include the skin, mucous membranes, sweat, mucous, saliva, tears, and ear wax.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture #9
The document discusses nonspecific defense mechanisms, which provide immediate protection against pathogens as the first line of defense. It describes various physical and chemical barriers that block pathogen entry like the skin and mucous membranes. It also outlines cellular defenses such as phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens. Additionally, it examines soluble factors like complement proteins, lysozyme, and interferons that directly kill microbes or enhance immune responses.
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The document describes the human immune system and how it protects the body from pathogens like viruses and bacteria. It discusses both the innate immune response, which provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytes, and the acquired immune response, which adapts over time to improve recognition and response. The acquired response results in immunological memory that allows faster responses upon reexposure to a pathogen. Key components of the immune system include white blood cells, antibodies, antigens, and the development of active immunity through vaccination or prior exposure.
Inmunidad Basica
This document discusses key concepts of clinical immunology and provides an overview of the immune system. It describes the immune system's ability to distinguish self from non-self, generate immunological memory, conduct immune surveillance, and develop central and peripheral tolerance. The document also notes that the immune and inflammatory systems work together through a biological amplification system to enhance the immune response against pathogens.
Basics of Immunity Presentation
Immunology is the science that studies the structure and functioning of the Immune system.
In this presentation i have included 25 slides on "Immunity basics"
Visit: www.Biochemden.in
www.Immunologyden.blogspot.com
www.CsirNetLifeSciences.com
Immune system
This document is a biology project on the immune system prepared by a student for their class. It includes sections on what the immune system is, the major cells involved, what controls the immune system, and summaries of key topics like antibodies, immunotherapy, how the immune system works, immunization, and autoimmunity. Certification is provided by signatures of the student, teachers, and principal.
Immune System
The document discusses the human immune system and how it protects the body from pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. It describes both non-specific defenses like skin, mucous membranes and phagocytosis by white blood cells. It also describes specific immune defenses like B cells and T cells that provide long-lasting immunity. It outlines how antibodies are produced in response to antigens and how vaccines work to trigger immune memory. It also discusses HIV/AIDS and how HIV attacks T cells and weakens the immune system over time.
Immunology microbiology by nilesh sharma
Immunology microbiology by nilesh sharmaDepartment of Pharmacy ,NIMS Institute of Pharmacy,NIMS University Rajasthan ,Jaipur.
This document provides an overview of immunology and microbiology. It defines immunology as the study of protection from foreign substances and responses to them. It describes the types of immunity as innate, acquired, humoral, and cellular. It discusses the organs of the immune system including primary lymphoid organs like bone marrow and thymus, and secondary lymphoid organs like spleen and lymph nodes. It also summarizes concepts like phagocytosis, bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins, and importance of immune boosters like protein and vitamin C.The immune system
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self, and to recognize and reject what is foreign.
White blood cells, muller, brito p. 2013
White blood cells defend the body against disease and are comprised of lymphocytes and phagocytes. Phagocytes engulf and digest waste, bacteria, and foreign bodies to provide innate immunity as the body's first line of defense, while lymphocytes are smaller white blood cells that produce antibodies and aid immune responses to fight infection. The nucleus of lymphocytes is larger than in phagocytes, whose nucleus is lobed.
Functional organization of the Immune System
The immune system consists of a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to defend the body from pathogens. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, produce immune cells. The secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes and spleen, contain specialized compartments where immune cells gather and respond to antigens. Immune cells travel between the blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissues to carry out functions like pathogen recognition and elimination.
Immunology
The document provides an overview of the immune system, including both the innate and adaptive immune systems. It discusses the key components and cells involved in each system.
The innate immune system is the first line of defense and includes physical barriers, defense mechanisms, and general immune responses. It uses nonspecific responses to quickly identify and respond to pathogens. The adaptive immune system has a delayed but stronger and more targeted response. It uses B cells and T cells to produce antibodies and mount a cell-mediated response. Together, the innate and adaptive immune systems work to protect the body from disease.
Nonspecific defenses
The document describes the non-specific defenses that provide the body's first line of defense against pathogens. These include physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as protective secretions from the skin, stomach, saliva and tears. The second line of defenses activate the complement system and interferons to further attack pathogens, and use phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages, as well as natural killer cells, to engulf and destroy pathogens. Fever, inflammation, and the inflammatory response are also discussed as beneficial secondary defenses that help the body fight infection and heal tissue damage.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
if you want to get short and concise ,authentic material regarding immune system you can easily get without any hurdle.
Sub 1[1].5 form 5
The document discusses the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: non-specific defenses as the first line (skin, mucous membranes); phagocytosis by white blood cells as the second line; and the specific immune response involving antibodies produced by lymphocytes as the third line. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, immunity, and different types of immunity including active and passive immunity acquired naturally or through vaccination and immunization.
The human immune system- BASICS
The document summarizes the body's immune response in three levels of defense:
1. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucus membranes, as well as fluids like saliva and stomach acid that kill invaders.
2. White blood cells called phagocytes attack and engulf foreign particles, breaking them down in lysosomes.
3. Additional immune responses include interferon that prevents viral spread, T-cells that recognize and kill infected cells, and inflammation that responds to injuries.
The human immune system
The document discusses the human immune system. It has three lines of defense - physical, chemical, and cellular barriers that protect the body. The skin, mucus, stomach acid, and white blood cells comprise these barriers. There are two divisions of the immune system: cell-mediated and antibody-mediated. The cell-mediated system uses phagocytes and T-cells to attack invaders, while the antibody-mediated system uses B-cells to produce antibodies to target specific foreign substances. Immunity can be active, gained from vaccines producing long-term antibodies, or passive, from injecting pre-made antibodies for immediate but short-term protection.
Immunology
Immunology is the study of the immune system and its functions in health and disease. The immune system protects the body from pathogens through a variety of immune cells and mechanisms. When pathogens enter the body, the first line of defense attempts to prevent entry through physical barriers like skin. If pathogens enter, the second line of defense responds through phagocytic immune cells that engulf and destroy the pathogens. Antibodies are produced by B cells and aid in defense against pathogens through mechanisms like agglutination and complement activation. Antigens are substances that induce an immune response, and antigen presenting cells capture and present antigens to activate other immune cells.
Immune system
The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. It is made up of white blood cells, organs, and tissues that work together to identify foreign substances in the body. There are two main types of white blood cells - phagocytes that attack pathogens directly, and lymphocytes that recognize specific pathogens and help the body destroy them. The immune system is located throughout the body and involves organs like the thyroid and adrenal glands. When pathogens invade the body, immune cells work together to produce antibodies that lock onto the pathogens and mark them for destruction. This immune response remains in the body in case of future infections. However, cancers can also develop from immune cells themselves, such as lymphomas and leukem
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The immune system has two main lines of defense - innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific). The innate system provides immediate protection and involves physical and chemical barriers like skin and stomach acid. If pathogens breach these barriers, the second line uses phagocytes, natural killer cells, and inflammation to attack invaders. The adaptive system has a delayed but stronger response that involves lymphocytes. It distinguishes self from non-self and has immunological memory, providing lifelong protection against reinfection.
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The document discusses the immune system, which protects the body from disease. It has an innate immune system with physical barriers and cells like phagocytes and natural killer cells that are always present to fight microbes. If pathogens evade this innate response, vertebrates have an acquired immune system activated by the innate response. The acquired immune system adapts its response during infection to improve pathogen recognition, retain immunological memory, and launch faster, stronger attacks if the pathogen is encountered again.
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About- immune system
classification- the evolution of immunity
organs of immune system
cells of immune system
Immune
The immune system protects the body from pathogens and disease through structures like tonsils, lymph nodes, and white blood cells. Tonsils destroy harmful organisms entering through the mouth, lymph nodes filter foreign particles, and white blood cells are produced in bone marrow to fight infection. The document also describes diseases that compromise the immune system like HIV/AIDS, as well as autoimmune disorders such as lupus and mononucleosis. HIV attacks T-cells and causes them to produce more viruses, progressively destroying the immune system until the final stage of AIDS.
IMMUNITY by Juhi Mishra (Medical Advisor)
The document discusses key aspects of immunity and the immune system. It defines immunology as the study of the immune system, including its components, functions, and interactions. The immune system protects the body from pathogens using both innate, nonspecific responses and adaptive, antigen-specific responses. The system includes cells, tissues, organs, and molecular responses. It also outlines the development of the immune system from stem cells and the roles of B cells, T cells, antibodies, and the mechanisms of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
Células e orgaos - 2a aula.ppt
This document summarizes the cells and organs of the immune system. It describes the main immune cell types including lymphocytes like T cells and B cells. It outlines the primary and secondary lymphoid organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. It discusses how these organs are involved in the development and activation of immune cells. The document also provides overviews of both the innate and adaptive immune response mechanisms, including barriers, inflammation, antibodies, and T cell responses.
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Day 1-muskuloskeletal
This document provides an overview of the musculoskeletal system, including the names and classifications of bones and joints in the human body. It discusses the 206 total bones classified as long, short, flat, or irregular bones. The bones are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, limbs). Details are given on the specific bones in the axial and appendicular skeletons, including the 80 bones in the axial skeleton and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton. Common questions about bones are also provided.
Reproductive system
The document discusses the male and female reproductive systems. It covers the anatomy of both the male reproductive system and the female reproductive system in a brief manner.
Nervous systen
The document discusses the nervous system and glands. It describes the structure and functions of neurons, the divisions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and sensory and motor neurons. It also discusses synapses, reflexes, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barriers, and the differences between endocrine and exocrine glands. Finally, it provides examples of hormones and their roles in the body.
Muskuloskeleton day 2
The document discusses the structure and function of muscles in the human body. It covers the three main types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles - and their functions. Skeletal muscles are voluntary and allow movement, while smooth muscles are involuntary and work automatically in organs. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart. The major skeletal muscles and their actions are named. Muscle contraction types and how muscles work in pairs are explained. The roles of tendons and muscle tone are also summarized.
Digestive and excreatory system
The document discusses the digestive and excretory systems. It provides details on the anatomy and functions of the digestive system, including gastric and pancreatic secretions and peristalsis. It also describes how the digestive and excretory systems work in parallel, with the digestive system breaking down food and the excretory system filtering waste from the bloodstream. Gastrointestinal hormones that regulate the digestive system are categorized into families based on their chemical structure. The excretory system and its component organs are also mentioned but not described in detail.
Day 4 skeletal & smooth muscle contraction
The sarcotubular system relates to the membranes, vesicles, and tubules in muscle fibers that make up the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules. The neuromuscular junction allows a motor neuron to transmit a signal to a muscle fiber, causing contraction. Muscle contraction occurs when calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to an action potential, causing the actin and myosin filaments to interact and shorten the muscle fiber. Muscle relaxation happens when calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, detaching the actin and myosin.
Day 3
Cartilage is a connective tissue found in joints between bones. It is made up of cells called chondrocytes that produce collagen, proteoglycans, and elastin. There are no blood vessels in cartilage, so it repairs and grows slowly. Tendons connect muscle to bone and are made of collagen, while ligaments connect bones to other bones. Joints are points where bones connect, allowing movement, and can be classified by the tissue present and degree of movement. Common joint disorders include dislocations, sprains, bursitis, and various forms of arthritis.
Cardiovascular and respiratory system
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It discusses the functional anatomy of the heart, properties of cardiac muscle, the cardiac conduction system, and the cardiac cycle for the circulatory system. For the respiratory system, it outlines the components and functional anatomy, mechanisms of breathing, ventilation, regulation of respiration, gas transport, hypoxia, artificial ventilation, and non-respiratory functions of the lungs.
General psychology
This document provides an overview of topics in general psychology including altered states of consciousness, sleep stages and disorders, behavioral psychology, personality development, and cognitive psychology. It discusses altered states of consciousness and defines sleep stages including stage 1 sleep associated with alpha and theta brain waves. Regarding sleep disorders, it notes that while occasional sleeping problems are common, consistent issues interfering with daily life may indicate a disorder, along with symptoms like difficulty falling asleep, daytime fatigue, and irritability.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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Immune system
- 1. IMMUNE SYSTEM • COMPONENT ORGAIN OF IMMUNE SYSTEM • FUNCTIONS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM • ENDOCRINOLOGY-ENDOCRINAL GLAND, HORMONES, THEIR FUNCTIONS
- 2. IMMUNE SYSTEM • The immune system is a complex network of cells and proteins that defends the body against infection. The immune system keeps a record of every germ (microbe) it has ever defeated so it can recognize and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again
- 3. COMPONENT ORGAIN OF IMMUNE SYSTEM • IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS. • PRIMARY ORGANS: (lymphocyte production and differentiation) • BONE MARROW: B LYMPHOCYTE • THYMUS: T LYMPHOCYTE • SECONDARY ORGANS: (capture and processing of antigens) • SYSTEMIC:LYMPH NODES • SPLEEN • MUCOSAS:GROUPED:TONSILSPEYER'S PATCHES • ISOLATED:FOLLICLES
- 8. FUNCTIONS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM • The role of the immune system — a collection of structures and processes within the body — is to protect against disease or other potentially damaging foreign bodies. • The major function of the immune system is to protect the host from environmental agents such as microbes or chemicals, thereby preserving the integrity of the body. This is done by the recognition of self and response to non-self.
- 11. ENDOCRINOLOGY
- 12. HYPOTHALAMUS • The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain. It's located at the base of the brain, near the pituitary gland. While it's very small, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in many important functions, including: releasing hormones. regulating body temperature
- 13. PITUTORY GLAND
- 14. PINEAL GLAND
- 15. THYMUS GLAND
- 17. THYROID GLAND
- 18. PANCREASE GLAND
- 19. ADRENAL GLAND
- 20. OVARIES GLAND
- 21. TESTICLE GLAND • The main hormone secreted by the testes is testosterone, an androgenic hormone. Testosterone is secreted by cells that lie between the seminiferous tubules, known as the Leydig cells.