Submit Search
Upload
Reliability Study of Punching Shear Design of Column-Slab Connection according to the Saudi Building Code (SBC-304)
•
0 likes
•
7 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V9/i4/IRJET-V9I431.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 9
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
IRJET- Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Managemen...
IRJET- Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Managemen...
IRJET Journal
C1303041215
C1303041215
IOSR Journals
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
IRJET Journal
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
IRJET Journal
P50502104106
P50502104106
IJERA Editor
The Factors affecting the construction of low-carbon construction and the Cou...
The Factors affecting the construction of low-carbon construction and the Cou...
IJERA Editor
Carbon Capture Technologies (CCTs) in Built Environment
Carbon Capture Technologies (CCTs) in Built Environment
zongwang5
ZERO ENERGY BUILDING; DESIGN AND SIMULATION
ZERO ENERGY BUILDING; DESIGN AND SIMULATION
IRJET Journal
Recommended
IRJET- Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Managemen...
IRJET- Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Managemen...
IRJET Journal
C1303041215
C1303041215
IOSR Journals
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
IRJET Journal
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
Sustainable Design of Alternator Pulley for Locomotives
IRJET Journal
P50502104106
P50502104106
IJERA Editor
The Factors affecting the construction of low-carbon construction and the Cou...
The Factors affecting the construction of low-carbon construction and the Cou...
IJERA Editor
Carbon Capture Technologies (CCTs) in Built Environment
Carbon Capture Technologies (CCTs) in Built Environment
zongwang5
ZERO ENERGY BUILDING; DESIGN AND SIMULATION
ZERO ENERGY BUILDING; DESIGN AND SIMULATION
IRJET Journal
Pgb unit iii a kameswara rao marthi
Pgb unit iii a kameswara rao marthi
MallikarjunaRao52
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET Journal
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lca
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lca
eSAT Journals
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET Journal
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...
IRJET Journal
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET Journal
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
theijes
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings
IRJET Journal
Elements of Sustainable Construction and Design Parameters
Elements of Sustainable Construction and Design Parameters
Ajit Sabnis
Role of sustainability indices in tall buildings
Role of sustainability indices in tall buildings
sabnisajit
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building
vivatechijri
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summ
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summ
morosini1952
Factory and Climate Change
Factory and Climate Change
Ravenskirk Llp
A Review On Green Buildings
A Review On Green Buildings
Vicki Cristol
A Research Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Buildin...
A Research Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Buildin...
IRJET Journal
20320140503043
20320140503043
IAEME Publication
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING USING DESIGN BUI...
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING USING DESIGN BUI...
ijmech
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an Overview
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an Overview
IRJET Journal
Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Traditional Building in India (A Case Study)
Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Traditional Building in India (A Case Study)
IJERA Editor
Green building presentation.pptx
Green building presentation.pptx
SCConstruction
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
More Related Content
Similar to Reliability Study of Punching Shear Design of Column-Slab Connection according to the Saudi Building Code (SBC-304)
Pgb unit iii a kameswara rao marthi
Pgb unit iii a kameswara rao marthi
MallikarjunaRao52
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET Journal
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lca
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lca
eSAT Journals
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET Journal
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...
IRJET Journal
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET Journal
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
theijes
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings
IRJET Journal
Elements of Sustainable Construction and Design Parameters
Elements of Sustainable Construction and Design Parameters
Ajit Sabnis
Role of sustainability indices in tall buildings
Role of sustainability indices in tall buildings
sabnisajit
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building
vivatechijri
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summ
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summ
morosini1952
Factory and Climate Change
Factory and Climate Change
Ravenskirk Llp
A Review On Green Buildings
A Review On Green Buildings
Vicki Cristol
A Research Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Buildin...
A Research Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Buildin...
IRJET Journal
20320140503043
20320140503043
IAEME Publication
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING USING DESIGN BUI...
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING USING DESIGN BUI...
ijmech
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an Overview
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an Overview
IRJET Journal
Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Traditional Building in India (A Case Study)
Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Traditional Building in India (A Case Study)
IJERA Editor
Green building presentation.pptx
Green building presentation.pptx
SCConstruction
Similar to Reliability Study of Punching Shear Design of Column-Slab Connection according to the Saudi Building Code (SBC-304)
(20)
Pgb unit iii a kameswara rao marthi
Pgb unit iii a kameswara rao marthi
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lca
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lca
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...
IRJET-Evaluating Performance and Costing of Ecological Sustainable Scientific...
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings
Elements of Sustainable Construction and Design Parameters
Elements of Sustainable Construction and Design Parameters
Role of sustainability indices in tall buildings
Role of sustainability indices in tall buildings
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summ
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summ
Factory and Climate Change
Factory and Climate Change
A Review On Green Buildings
A Review On Green Buildings
A Research Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Buildin...
A Research Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Buildin...
20320140503043
20320140503043
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING USING DESIGN BUI...
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING USING DESIGN BUI...
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an Overview
Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an Overview
Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Traditional Building in India (A Case Study)
Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Traditional Building in India (A Case Study)
Green building presentation.pptx
Green building presentation.pptx
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Recently uploaded
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
KurinjimalarL3
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
malavadedarshan25
🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...
🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
abhishek36461
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
purnimasatapathy1234
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
NikhilNagaraju
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
wendy cai
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
RajaP95
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
Tsuyoshi Horigome
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
jennyeacort
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
VICTOR MAESTRE RAMIREZ
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
vipinkmenon1
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
rehmti665
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Suhani Kapoor
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
eptoze12
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
britheesh05
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
ssuser7cb4ff
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Recently uploaded
(20)
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...
🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
Microscopic Analysis of Ceramic Materials.pptx
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
main PPT.pptx of girls hostel security using rfid
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
HARMONY IN THE HUMAN BEING - Unit-II UHV-2
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
SPICE PARK APR2024 ( 6,793 SPICE Models )
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
Introduction to Microprocesso programming and interfacing.pptx
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
Reliability Study of Punching Shear Design of Column-Slab Connection according to the Saudi Building Code (SBC-304)
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 163 A STUDY OF LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ASSEMENT OF A MULTI-STORIED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN PUNE REGION Ar. Shraddha Narvekar1, Prof. Sudhanshu Pathak2 1Research Scholar, S.Y.M.arch Dr.D.Y.Patil College of Architecture 2Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering,D.Y.Patil College of Engineering Akurdi,Pune ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In recent years climate change has become a growing concern all over the world, and because of this ithasbecomea necessity to monitor the carbon emission in various industries. This study focuses on life cycle analysis of a 12 year old residential building in Pune. It focuses on the energy utilized during its construction, the energy utilizedduring itscurrentphasewhichcan be deemed as operational energy and its demolition energy during its end of life cycle. As the building is almost a decade old it lacks many environment norms which are currently in use today. The primary aim of this study is to calculate the total energy expenditure of the residential building and provide a definitive carbon foot print of the same. This study also focuseson providing energy efficient solutions to reduce the carbon footprint and its dependency on natural resources Key Words: Carbon Footprint, Energy efficient, Eco-friendly, Climate Change, Embodied Energy, Residentialbuilding, Pune , Life Cycle Assessment, Construction Energy, Operational Energy, Demolition Energy. 1. INTRODUCTION The construction industry is known to be the largest consumer of natural resources in the world. It is also a major contributor in the emission of greenhouses gases. These GHG are an addition to the ongoing crisis of global warming. Out of total energy generated worldwide 39% of the energy is consumed by the construction sector and it also emits 30% of carbon dioxide.(1). The materials used during construction such as steel cement metals etc require tremendous amount of natural resources for their production. The energy demand for production of such materials is very high. In recent years the construction industry experienced an increase boom due to rapid urbanization. Various smart cities schemes are being developed by the government to accommodate the influx of people migrating to cities due to various job opportunities, comfortable lifestyle and easy accesstomanyfacilities.Accordingtoa surveydonefrom2016 to 2020 there is a demand of 1.98 million houses in the low income group whereas the supply is only about 25000 unit (statista). Due to this there has been an increasing demand in construction materials and also generation of waste on construction sites. As the building has 3 phases such as construction, operation and demolition phase. It is observed that most of the energy is consumed in the operation phase of the building.Thereforeithasbecomea necessitytodevelopandimplementmeasurewhich can result in effectively reducing the carbon footprint of the building. 1.1 Need of this study Climatechange and global warming are manmade calamitythat the world is facing today. Carbon emission acrosstheglobehas been increasing at an alarming rate. It has becomea necessity to regulatethe carbon emission and GHG. Thereforeitisaneedof hour to define and reduce thecarbon foot print of the building through Lifecycle analysis consideringitsmaintenanceperiodof 15 years. As there have been various studies conducted on carbon footprint across various parts of India. No study on carbon footprint has been conducted in or around Pune region. This study focuses on multi storied residential building in Pune region. This study analyses the life cycle of the residential building and also derives the carbon footprint of the same and provided solution to reduce it. 1.2 Aim The researcher focuses on life cycle assessment of G+7 residential building in Pune area and the total energy expenditure during it life cycle and maintenance also providing eco-friendly to reduce the derived carbon footprint
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 164 1.3 Objectives •To analyses various phases of a residential building •To study the energy usage in various life stages of the residential building •To derive carbon footprint of a residential building •To provide effective energy efficient solutions 1.4. Research Questions 1. How much energy is utilized during the construction phase? 2. What are the embodied energy of the building materials used? 3. What is the operational energy of the building? 4. What is the demolition energy? 1.5. Methodology The methodology is divided into 5 categories. The first category deals with preliminary analysis of the research topic. The second category deals with literature review from various related published research papers. The third category deals with data collection from the live case study. The fourth category analysis the data collected from the case study and provides findings. The fifth category provides solutions and proposals. The last category concludes the entire research and defines further scope of study. Fig -1: Methodology flow chart 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Life Cycle Assessment Stages Life cycle assessment of a building is divided into 4 stages which is further classified into various sub stages. These stages are developed and provided by International Organisation for Standardisation(ISO)inISO14040and14044.Thereare4stagesin life cycle assessment of a building they are • Product stage - A1-A3 • Transportation stage –A4-A5 • Operation stage-B1-B7 • End of life stage – C1-C4
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 165 As shown in figure 2 the product stage includes from the extraction of raw materials, transportation of materials to manufacturing plant and manufacturing of materials required for the construction of building. This stage also included transportation of manufactured materials to required construction site. The operation stage includes the total energy usage of during its life span for heating cooling and for various electrical appliances. It also included the repair and maintenance of the building for every 15 years. The end of life stage includes the energy required for demolition of the building, transportation of waste materials,processing of waste materials and disposal of materials which cannot be recycled. Fig -2: Life cycle assessment stages 2.1.1 Ecological footprint (EF) The concept was developed by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees almost two decades ago. It is a summation of complete energy usage of a building during its life time. It is also an assessmentoftheimpactofa buildinginbiospherewhich determines the EF of a building on the basis of its consumption of natural resources, emission of GHG , water usages etc. 2.2 Life Cycle energy of the Building (LCE) LCE is defines as the total energy expenditure of the building during its lifetime. The summation of the energy utilised during construction phase operation phase and demolition phase amounts to the totalenergyexpenditureofthebuilding.thefollowing equation represents the formula for calculating LCE LCE=CE(EE(I)+EE(R)+TE)+OE+DE LCE = life cycle energy CE = construction energy EE (i) = initial embodied energy EE(r) =recurring embodied energy OE = operational energy DE = Demolition energy Construction energy (CE) is further subdivided into 2 parts which is EE(i) initial embodied energy EE(r)
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 166 Fig -3: life cycle ecological footprint of the building 2.3 Embodied energy of building materials (EE) Embodied energy can be summarized as thetotalenergyexpenditurenecessaryforvariousprocesseslikeextraction,processing and manufacturing of building materials. During the various processes which are required to produce building materials large amounts of energy is required because of the energy consumption it generates tremendousamountsofCO2whichresultsinthe emission of various GHG. Therefore the embodied energy is considered as the indicator of the total environment impact of the building materials The EE is further subdivided into 2 types namely 2.3.1. Initial Embodied Energy (EE(i)) The energy which is utilised during the initial development phase of the building is known as Initial embodied energy. Following equation can be used for calculation the initial embodied energy EE(i) = ∑m(x)M(x) + E(c), where M(x) = energy content of the material per unit quantity; m(x) = total quantity of building material used ; E(c) = energy utilized at site for construction of building ; EE(i) = building initial embodied energy. 2.3.2. Recurring embodied energy (EE(r)) It is the energy which is utilised for repair and maintenance of the building during its life span. As building materials have a life span which is less compared to the life span of the building. The following equation is used for calculating recurring embodied energy EE(r) = ∑m(x)M(x) [L(b)/L(m(x)) − 1], where L(b) = building life span; EE(r) = recurring embodied energy of the building; L(m(x)) = material life span.
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 167 Table -1: Embodied energy of various building materials 2.3.3 Transportation stage (TE) The energy consumed while transporting required materials forconstructionofa buildingfromvariousplaces.Transportation energy can be calculated by the given equation TE= DC× FC Where, DC = total distance travelled to and fro for hauling anddeliveringofconstructionmaterialsfrommanufacturingplantto site, FC =consumption of fuel in liters. 2.4 Operational energy (OE) It is the energy which is consumed for heating, cooling and operating of machines in the building. Operational energy is estimated by the given equation OE = E(OA) × L(b), Where, L(b) = building life span; E(OA) = yearly operating energy; 2.5 Demolition energy (DE) It is the energy required for demolition of the building and transportationofwastegeneratedduringdemolitionofthebuilding. The demolition energy can be calculated by the following formula. DE=CE*10% CE=construction energy. Sr.no Description Embodied energy (mj/kg) Indian data (BMPTC, 1995; Reddy et al. 2003; Shukla et al. 2009) LCE:inventory Carbon and energy (Hammond and jones 2008) Base data 1 Cement 5.9-7.8 4.6 6.85 2 Sand 0.1-0.2 0.1 0.15 3 Coarse aggregates 0.4 0.1 0.4 4 Cement blocks 0.745 0.81 0.745 5 Rebar 28.2-42 24.6 35.1 6 Ceramic tiles 3.33 9 3.33 7 Putty - 5.3 5.3 8 Paint 144 68 144 9 Pvc 104-108 67.5 106 10 Glass 25.8 15 25.8
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 168 3. CASE STUDY India is divided into 5 climatic zones namely Hot andDry, WarmandHumid,Temperate,Composite,andCold.Thescopeofthis study is limited to residential building in Pune, Maharashtra. The climate of Pune is hot semi-arid bordering tropical wet and dry. This study is limited to residential building in Pune region where the minimum winter temperature goes up to 8oC from November to December and maximum summer temperature goes up to 42oC from March till June. Monsoon in Pune spans from July to September. The EE, LCE and LCEF of the residential building has been calculated. Fig -4: Various climatic zones of India 3.1 DETAILED INFORMATION OF CASE STUDY PARAMETERS RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Age of the building 12 Building occupants 336 No. of flats 84 Area(m2) 8848 Energy Consumption(kwh/day) 550-600 Water consumption (liters/day) 45360 Maintenance time 15 Building Life span 100 Structural Typology R.C.C Table -2: Parameters of residential Building The parameters of the residential building mentioned above has been constructed 12 years ago. The building is constructed using R.C.C technology and the walls have been constructed using AAC(autoclave aerated concrete) blocks. The building consists of 7 floors and the total area of the building is 8848 sq.mt with a deviation of 2%. It has 4 category of flats with different area and room sizes. The building consists of mostly single family occupants. The building lacks major environment friendly technologies which have been used in recent times.
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 169 The life span of any R.C.C structure is 100 years. For calculations of construction energy of the building the data was gathered from the builders and the contractor office. The embodied energy of the materials used during construction is also analyzed. Below table provides the transportation details of vehicles used and the total distance travelled by the vehicles for transportation of construction materials from manufacturing plant to construction site. Building materials Quantity (Wmp/kg) Number of trips Total distance travelled Fuel efficiency (km/lit) Fuel consumption (lit) Cement(LDV) 1,56,279 60 1248 7.43 167.96 Concrete blocks(MDV) 78513 25 700 3.25 215.38 Ceramic tiles(LDV) 102752 7 140 7.43 18.84 Table -3: Fuel consumption during transportation The embodied energy of the building material was calculated from Table No.1. The operational energy of the building is calculated according to the monthly electricity consumption of the residents of the building. Due to Covid-19 pandemic as majority of the work places have a work from home policy so many resident are working from home because of this the electricity consumption and demand has increased in the last 2 years. Before the pandemic the electricity consumption was observed to be lower during the weekdays from 9am -7-pm and the demand increased on weekends. The electricity consumption is observed to be high during summer because of temperature soaring above 400C and was lower in winters. Sr.No. No.of flats Monthly electricity consumption(kw) Total electricity consumption (kw/month) Yearly electricity consumption (kw/year) Residential building 84 200(avg) 16800 6132000 Table -4: Electricity consumption of residential building As the buildings age is below 15 years no maintenance has been required so far. 4. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS For total LCE the initial and recurring Embodied energy was calculated separately from the above given equations. The operational energy was calculated by the electricity usage of the resident of the building and was multiplied by the no. of years remaining for the end of the building. The below table shows the classification of the LCE of the building. After the computation of all the energy the ecological footprint of the building was calculated by summation of all the above listed energy which equal to 7555.4 tco2/e which comes around 0.85 tco2/e m2. To reduce the LCE and LCEF of the building the following energy efficient solutions are provided, Fig-5, 6: Energy distribution of the building
8.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 170 4.1 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR PANELS There are various research concerning the reduction of life cycle energy of the building by installation of solar panels for electricity generation. Solar powered water heating technology can also be helpful in reduction of LCE and LCEF. It has been observed from various research papers that ecological footprint per m2 of solar photovoltaiccellsisaround0.0694 gha/m2.It is noted that a “Grid connected rooftop solar photovoltaic “canhelpinreductionupto60%ofthetotal electrical energydemand of the building. Maharashtra electricity board also is knowntoprovidesubsidiaryon electricitybillsofresidential building who have ‘grid connected rooftop photovoltaic cells’ installed. Flat plate solar collector is the most basic and inexpensive solar water heater to meet hot water demands of residential buildings. This technology can help in significantly reduction of LCE of the residential buildings. Phase changing materials are rapidlygrowing technological advancebuildingmaterialswhichhelpin reducing the electricity demand of the building all the while maintaining the thermal comfort of the building. 4.2. ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS 4.3 RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS. As the building is more than a decade old it lacks the energy efficient technologies which are in use today one being rainwater harvesting systems. Due to the scarcity of water faced in recent times rainwater harvesting has becomemandatory.Thewater harvested can be used for flushing and gardening purposes. Rainwater harvesting systems reduces the dependency on municipal water supply. Fig-8: Stabilized mud blocks Fig-9: filler roof slabs Fig-7: Solar powered water heater Fig-8: Solar cells For reduction of LCE materials with low EE should be used in construction of the building. There are manysubstitutebuilding materials with low EE which can prove to be an efficientreplacementofconventional building materialssuchasbrick,cements, plaster etc. The substitute materials are filler roof slab, lime pozzolana cement (LP) , clay fly ash bricks , prefabricated roofing systems, stabilized mud blocks etc.
9.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 171 5. CONCLUSION The research paper is based on a single residential building in Pune. The ecological impact of the building during its entire life span is analyzed in this research paper. Alternative building materials with low EE have been researched and studied in this research paper which can help in reduction of total LCE and LCEF of the building. Thefollowingisthesummaryofthisresearch paper:- •Installation of Solar panel in the roof top of the building •Installation of rainwater harvesting systems •Usage of energy efficient building materials for maintenance of the building. Reduction in LCE and LCEF has become a necessity in recent times due to climate change and various other factors. LCEA and LCEF can be a value added decision making tool in the construction industry. Ecologically conscious decisions can be made by calculating LCEA and LCEF of a project. Comparison of different materials and theirimpactsintheenvironmentcan bedone by the stakeholders involved in the project which can help them decide to select alternative building materials which suits the project as well as the environment. With this research and methods can help reduce ecological impact of materials in environment and can lead towards sustainable development. 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my guide Mr.Sudhanshu Pathak sir forguidanceonselectionoftopicto framingobjectivesandrefining my project topic. I would also like to extend thanks to the committee memberoftheresidential societyofwhomthecasestudywas done. REFERENCES [1] Ashok Kumar , Pardeep Singh , Nishant Raj Kapoor , Chandan Swaroop Meena , Kshitij Jain , Kishor S. Kulkarni and Raffaello Cozzolino “Ecological Footprint of Residential Buildings in Composite Climate of India—A Case Study”. [2] Rosaliya Kurian , Kishor Sitaram Kulkarni , Prasanna Venkatesan Ramani , Chandan Swaroop Meena , Ashok Kumar and Raffaello Cozzolino “Estimation of Carbon Footprint of Residential Building in Warm Humid Climate of India through BIM” [3] L. Pinky Devi Sivakumar Palaniappan.” A CASE STUDY ON LIFE CYCLE ENERGY USE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN SOUTHERN INDIA” [4] Jiaying Teng” Eco-footprint-based life-cycle eco-efficiency assessment of building projects”. [5] M P Bhorkar , P Choudhary , A Chawhan , A Bijwe and K Devgade” Carbon footprint of a multi-storied residential building during the construction process” [6] Dilawar Husain , Ravi Prakash “Ecological Footprint Assessment and Reduction of an Academic Building in Shahdol (India)”. BIOGRAPHIES Ar.Shraddha Narvekar. She has completed B.arch in 2016 from Mumbai university. Currently pursuing M.arch in construction management from Pune University. Prof.Sudhanshu Pathak. Is currently professor in Dr.D.Y.Patil College of engineering from last 10 years
Download now