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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1665 Effect of Permanent Magnet on Fuel in 4-Stroke Engine Vivek G. Kapase1, Shivam A. Kubde2, Harshal Borse3, Guddu Kumar Raushan4 1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, DYPCOE, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – It has been studied that magnetic field affects the performance of fuel operating in engines. This research is carried out on the basis of studies and laws proven in ancient chemistry and science. In this study we are going to enlighten the effects and uses of installing magnetic field on the flow of fuel in 4-Stroke motorcycles. The results are pretty convincing that application of permanent magnets over the fuelflowdoes cause the processes to change on positive notes. The tests were performed on fuel to study the fuel consumption, combustion and pollutant emissions. It showed that the combustion was completed more efficiently with increase in supply of oxygen by 2-4% which isquiteimpressive. Also the reduction in rate of fuel consumption was seen to be by 7-8% when magnet used was of magnetic field intensity of 3000 Gauss. We believe that variation in magnetic intensity might show better results over this one. This research and calculations are however carried using 3000Gausspermanent magnet. Pollution is reduced by the lesser emissions of pollutants such as CO2 and NOx. Also the percentage of reduction in emissions of hydrocarbons was by 6 to 7%. Key Words: Fuel Energizer, 4-Stroke engines, Permanent Magnets, Pollution Reduction. 1. INTRODUCTION In 21st century the drastic increase in the manufacturingand usesof vehicles has made humankind worried abouttheend of the non-renewable sourcesof energy. It is indeed an issue which in future will make us helpless and in order to cater the excess use of fuel we researched and produced results using magnetic field. Use of permanent magnets on engine fuel reduces the fuel consumption by 7 to 8%. Results show that it also causes significant reduction in emission of pollutants such as HC, CO, NOx and CO2 within the rangeof5- 10%varying for each pollutant. Fuel isachemicalcompound made of molecules. These molecules may havemisalignment in them due to forces of attraction in them, hence thisresults into improper interlocking of oxygen during combustion[2]. This incomplete combustion results in more fuel consumption and produces more pollution. This can efficiently be reduced using magnetic fields of varying intensities around the fuel flow which will cause the proper alignment of molecules and more oxygen supply during which will gradually decrease the fuel consumption and exhaust gases emissions. To carry out this study we researched and tested application and installation of magnetism on 4-stroke petrol engines of motorcycles. Magnetic field treatment workson the principle of magnetic field interaction with hydrocarbon molecules of fuel and oxygen molecules[1]. On application of magnetism on fuel, orientation of molecules varies giving more space between molecules for oxygen to penetrate and causes energy efficient combustion. This is an economic way to deal with excess fuel consumption, air pollution and deficiency of fuel sources. 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Experiment can be studied by applying the magnets on the fuel flowpipeprior to fuel injection so that fuel ismagnetized before itreachesto carburetor. The setup can be understood from the following block diagram and pictorial representation. Fig -1: Block Diagram of Experimental Setup[2] As shown above magnets can be installed on the fuel line thusinducingmagnetic field over the fuel.Pairofpermanent magnets with overall magnetic intensity of 3000 Gausswere installed on the fuel line using bolts to avoid the squeezingof fuel line which if not done may cause the fuel line to compress and close the fuel flow in such a strong magnetic field. Proper installation is necessary to ensure that there is appropriate flow of fuel through fuel line to carburetor without any interruption. Necessary precautionsareneeded to be followed while handling the magnets and their successful installation on fuel line withoutanydamagetothe system. Pictorial representation followed gives an idea of proper installation of permanent magnets over the fuel line.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1666 Fig- 2: Installation of Magnets on fuel line Above picture depicts the installation of magnets done on bikeof make“Passionplus”,which wasdonebyusduringour principle testing and calculation process. 3. WORKING PRINCIPLE With respecttopreviousinformation provided itis clearthat application ofmagnetic field over the fuel results into certain change in orientation of molecules which promotes energy efficient oxygen supply for complete combustion to occur. We are aware that the moleculesarebondedtogetherdue to nuclear forces of attraction between the atoms. This forces are uneven, hence they have misalignment in their structure which provides varying spaces for oxygen to penetrate for successful mixing of air and fuel leading to complete combustion. This will reduce the formation of harmful effluents like CO, NOx , CO2, and HC. Thechangesthat occur inside molecules are broadly described below using Ortho and Para molecule formation and their alignment structure. This molecules are classified based on the spin of their nuclei. Hydrogen isomersare classifiedonsamebaseas ortho hydrogen and Para hydrogen[3]. A] Para Hydrogen Molecule In Para Hydrogen molecule the rotation spin of nucleusis anti-parallel i.e. the spin of one atom is opposite to other atom which makes it diamagnetic in nature. It is a general type of molecule at room temperature. It is less stable than the ortho molecules. This molecules are preferred for carrying magnetic field testing. Fig-3: Para Molecule B] Ortho Hydrogen Molecule In Ortho molecule the spin of rotation of nucleus is parallel, contradictory to that in para hydrogen molecule. This makes molecule more uniformly aligned and provides more space for oxygen penetration. Para molecules are converted into ortho using strong magnetic field generally more than 2000 Gauss. Schematic structures are shown below representing ortho and para molecules. Fig-4: Ortho Molecule 4. RESULTS We carried testing on the 4-stoke petrol engines on motorcycles namely Hero Honda Passion Plus and TVS Victor. Magnetic field was installed on bothbikesaftertaking readings without the field application which made it easy to study the variations and graph plotting. Magnets of 3000 Gauss were used for the testing and readings were taken using digital exhaust gas analyzer. * All values in % 1] Results obtained on Hero Honda Passion Plus HC Content CO Content O2 Content Before Installation 9.56 20 13.56 After Installation 3.57 9.5 16.44 Graph plotted on above results :
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1667 2] Results obtained on TVS Victor HC Content CO Content O2 Content Before Installation 10.62 18.06 14.78 After Installation 3.75 7.38 16.92 Graph plotted on above results: CONCLUSION It is seen from the above plotted and calculated results that the application of magnetic field on fuel line affects the performance significantly. 1. The results show reduction in production of HC content by 6 & 7% in Passion and Victor respectively. 2. Similar trend was seen in the emission of CO pollutant. CO content was significantly reduced in both bikes within the range of 10-15% which can even be reduced more when varying stronger magnetic fields are applied. 3. One of the most important objective of magnetic field application over fuel line was to improve combustion by providing more quantity of oxygen in air-fuel mixture seems to have achieved in this research showing the increase in supply of oxygen by 2 to 3% which is quite significant. Nowadays, use of vehicles has reached a new high against a deficient non-renewable energy sources. Hence, necessary steps are in need more than ever so that the future does not have to look like what it seems from now considering the current scenario. Technologies are being developed to provide an alternatives for the fuel such as electrical battery driven cars, recently this modification has been brought in trend by Tesla INC, US headed by Elon Musk, who is being addressed as a revolutionary of modern world. Despite of such modification which are quite expensive to afford we must modify the conventional ways and pay more attention fuel and energy conservation. Otherwise we havehardtimes ahead to face with nowhere to go. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge Department of Mechanical Engineering , D Y Patil College of Engineering , Ambi, Pune who led their support for our researches and presentations. With immense respect we would like to thank Prof. S. F. Rathod who guided us throughout our research and made this project possible. REFERENCES [1] Ali S. Faris, Saadi K. Al Naseri, Nather Jamal, Raed Isse, Akeel Kazim, Ali Chaloob, Ali Salim, Aws Abas, Nihad Reheem, Hazim Mohammed –“Effects of Magnetic Field on Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions in Two-Stroke Engine”, Elsevier, Science Direct, Energy Procedia 18 (2012) 327 – 338, Pages 327-337. [2] Niraj N. Petkar, Pravin K. Khamkar – “Performance and Emission Analysis of Magnetic Fuel Energizer for Motorcycles”, International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Technology,VolNo.5,Issue No. 2, February 2016, Pages 300-306. [3] Levente Barna, Dorin Lelea – “The Influence of Magnetic Field on Low Pressure Injection of Oxyhydrogen in Turbocharged Compression Ignition Engines”, Elsevier, Science Direct, Procedia Engineering 2017, Pages 718-724. [4] Nitin Karande, Sachin Kumar Kore, Akram Momin, Ranjit Akkiwate, Sharada P.K.,Sandip K. Kumbhar – “Experimental Study the Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Performance & Emission of IC Engine”, International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Pages 27-34. [5] Piyush M Patel, Gaurav P Rathod, Tushar M Patel, Performance and Emission Analysis of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine under the influence of Magnetic Fuel Energizer, IOSRJournalofMechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Volume 11, Issue Second Ver. VIII (Mar- Apr. 2014). [6] 2.Farrag A.El Fatih, 2Gad M.saber, Effect of Fuel Magnetism on Engine Performance and Emissions, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(12): 6354-6358, 2010 ISSN 1991-8178. [7] 3. Al Dossary, Rashid. M.A., 2009. "The Effect of Magnetic Field on Combustion and Emissions", Master's thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1668 [8] 4.Vivek Ugare, Nikhil Bhave, Sandeep Lutade,2013.”Performance of spark ignition engine under the influence of magnetic field. ”International journal of research in aeronautical and mechanical engineering vol.1 Issue.3 July 2013 pgs:33-46. [9] 5.Ajaj R. Attar, Pralhad Tipole, Dr. Virendra Bhojwani, Dr. Suhas Deshmukh. “Effect of Magnetic field strength on hydrocarbon fuel viscosity and engine performance”, International journal of mechanical engineering and computer application vol.1 Issue First.7, December 2013, ISSN 2320-634.
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