Submit Search
Upload
IRJET- Affordable Housing in India
•
0 likes
•
84 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i2/IRJET-V6I2464.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 6
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
IRJET - Advantages of Green Material Used Construction
IRJET - Advantages of Green Material Used Construction
IRJET Journal
Sustainable building designs
Sustainable building designs
Tantish QS, UTM
Cost Comparison Between Normal Building and Green Building Considering Its C...
Cost Comparison Between Normal Building and Green Building Considering Its C...
IJSRED
New microsoft power point presentation
New microsoft power point presentation
Raj Patil
Cost Control on Construction with Maximum Usage of Ecofriendly Materials
Cost Control on Construction with Maximum Usage of Ecofriendly Materials
IRJET Journal
Sustainable construction and Quantity Surveying
Sustainable construction and Quantity Surveying
Prabath Bandara
Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System
Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System
Tantish QS, UTM
Building materials and environmental impact
Building materials and environmental impact
adi5686
Recommended
IRJET - Advantages of Green Material Used Construction
IRJET - Advantages of Green Material Used Construction
IRJET Journal
Sustainable building designs
Sustainable building designs
Tantish QS, UTM
Cost Comparison Between Normal Building and Green Building Considering Its C...
Cost Comparison Between Normal Building and Green Building Considering Its C...
IJSRED
New microsoft power point presentation
New microsoft power point presentation
Raj Patil
Cost Control on Construction with Maximum Usage of Ecofriendly Materials
Cost Control on Construction with Maximum Usage of Ecofriendly Materials
IRJET Journal
Sustainable construction and Quantity Surveying
Sustainable construction and Quantity Surveying
Prabath Bandara
Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System
Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System
Tantish QS, UTM
Building materials and environmental impact
Building materials and environmental impact
adi5686
Green Building: Concepts and Awareness
Green Building: Concepts and Awareness
IRJET Journal
C1303020912
C1303020912
IOSR Journals
Briquetting machine report for phase-1
Briquetting machine report for phase-1
manugowdapes
The shaping of new sustainable housing concepts
The shaping of new sustainable housing concepts
Michael Søgaard Jørgensen
The development of sustainable housing concepts in Denmark
The development of sustainable housing concepts in Denmark
Michael Søgaard Jørgensen
A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction
A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction
ijtsrd
IRJET - Review on Impact of Climate Change on the Life Cycle of Construction ...
IRJET - Review on Impact of Climate Change on the Life Cycle of Construction ...
IRJET Journal
Presentation m.arch. research may 2020
Presentation m.arch. research may 2020
Mitisha Prajapati vakil
Ijertv10n1spl 18
Ijertv10n1spl 18
Snehal Abhyankar
Green buildings and its Technologies
Green buildings and its Technologies
Naga Muruga
Green building construction for sustainable future
Green building construction for sustainable future
Alexander Decker
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into Fuel
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into Fuel
IRJET Journal
The role of
The role of
Hafedh Yahya
Sustainable Housing and Building Green
Sustainable Housing and Building Green
Michael Shilale, AIA, LEED
I Have a Dream and it's Green - Crimson Publishers
I Have a Dream and it's Green - Crimson Publishers
CrimsonPublishersRDMS
IRJET- Replacement of Aggregate by C&D Waste Concrete
IRJET- Replacement of Aggregate by C&D Waste Concrete
IRJET Journal
Green building ppt
Green building ppt
akshayapriyadharshini
IJSRED-V2I4P19
IJSRED-V2I4P19
IJSRED
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
Soumitra Smart
RECYCLING SOLID CONCRETE WASTE
RECYCLING SOLID CONCRETE WASTE
IAEME Publication
IRJET- Cost Estimation of a Building using Cost Effective Building Materials
IRJET- Cost Estimation of a Building using Cost Effective Building Materials
IRJET Journal
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
Soumitra Smart
More Related Content
What's hot
Green Building: Concepts and Awareness
Green Building: Concepts and Awareness
IRJET Journal
C1303020912
C1303020912
IOSR Journals
Briquetting machine report for phase-1
Briquetting machine report for phase-1
manugowdapes
The shaping of new sustainable housing concepts
The shaping of new sustainable housing concepts
Michael Søgaard Jørgensen
The development of sustainable housing concepts in Denmark
The development of sustainable housing concepts in Denmark
Michael Søgaard Jørgensen
A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction
A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction
ijtsrd
IRJET - Review on Impact of Climate Change on the Life Cycle of Construction ...
IRJET - Review on Impact of Climate Change on the Life Cycle of Construction ...
IRJET Journal
Presentation m.arch. research may 2020
Presentation m.arch. research may 2020
Mitisha Prajapati vakil
Ijertv10n1spl 18
Ijertv10n1spl 18
Snehal Abhyankar
Green buildings and its Technologies
Green buildings and its Technologies
Naga Muruga
Green building construction for sustainable future
Green building construction for sustainable future
Alexander Decker
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into Fuel
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into Fuel
IRJET Journal
The role of
The role of
Hafedh Yahya
Sustainable Housing and Building Green
Sustainable Housing and Building Green
Michael Shilale, AIA, LEED
I Have a Dream and it's Green - Crimson Publishers
I Have a Dream and it's Green - Crimson Publishers
CrimsonPublishersRDMS
IRJET- Replacement of Aggregate by C&D Waste Concrete
IRJET- Replacement of Aggregate by C&D Waste Concrete
IRJET Journal
Green building ppt
Green building ppt
akshayapriyadharshini
IJSRED-V2I4P19
IJSRED-V2I4P19
IJSRED
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
Soumitra Smart
RECYCLING SOLID CONCRETE WASTE
RECYCLING SOLID CONCRETE WASTE
IAEME Publication
What's hot
(20)
Green Building: Concepts and Awareness
Green Building: Concepts and Awareness
C1303020912
C1303020912
Briquetting machine report for phase-1
Briquetting machine report for phase-1
The shaping of new sustainable housing concepts
The shaping of new sustainable housing concepts
The development of sustainable housing concepts in Denmark
The development of sustainable housing concepts in Denmark
A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction
A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction
IRJET - Review on Impact of Climate Change on the Life Cycle of Construction ...
IRJET - Review on Impact of Climate Change on the Life Cycle of Construction ...
Presentation m.arch. research may 2020
Presentation m.arch. research may 2020
Ijertv10n1spl 18
Ijertv10n1spl 18
Green buildings and its Technologies
Green buildings and its Technologies
Green building construction for sustainable future
Green building construction for sustainable future
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into Fuel
IRJET- Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic into Fuel
The role of
The role of
Sustainable Housing and Building Green
Sustainable Housing and Building Green
I Have a Dream and it's Green - Crimson Publishers
I Have a Dream and it's Green - Crimson Publishers
IRJET- Replacement of Aggregate by C&D Waste Concrete
IRJET- Replacement of Aggregate by C&D Waste Concrete
Green building ppt
Green building ppt
IJSRED-V2I4P19
IJSRED-V2I4P19
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
RECYCLING SOLID CONCRETE WASTE
RECYCLING SOLID CONCRETE WASTE
Similar to IRJET- Affordable Housing in India
IRJET- Cost Estimation of a Building using Cost Effective Building Materials
IRJET- Cost Estimation of a Building using Cost Effective Building Materials
IRJET Journal
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
Soumitra Smart
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
Soumitra Smart
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET Journal
Sustainability Assessment Rating Tools in Real Estate Sector - An Applicative...
Sustainability Assessment Rating Tools in Real Estate Sector - An Applicative...
Dr. Prachi Ugle Pimpalkhute
Green technology by kakali Roy.
Green technology by kakali Roy.
Adamas University
Green technology by kakali.
Green technology by kakali.
Adamas University
IRJET- Low Cost Housing
IRJET- Low Cost Housing
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Planning and Designing of Residential Building by using Sustainable Ma...
IRJET- Planning and Designing of Residential Building by using Sustainable Ma...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET Journal
Sustainable Green Building Concept
Sustainable Green Building Concept
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Comparative Study between RCC Structures and Prefabricated Structures
IRJET- Comparative Study between RCC Structures and Prefabricated Structures
IRJET Journal
Review on Green Building Concepts & Techniques
Review on Green Building Concepts & Techniques
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Role of Construction Waste Material Management in Construction Ind...
IRJET- Role of Construction Waste Material Management in Construction Ind...
IRJET Journal
STUDY OF GREEN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING IN CHAKAN MIDC
STUDY OF GREEN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING IN CHAKAN MIDC
IRJET Journal
A Review on Waste Material Minimization in Construction Industry
A Review on Waste Material Minimization in Construction Industry
IRJET Journal
An Approach in the Direction of Green City Concept-''Sustainable Development'
An Approach in the Direction of Green City Concept-''Sustainable Development'
IRJET Journal
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET Journal
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...
IRJET Journal
Natural Resources In Construction Geo Cdi Final
Natural Resources In Construction Geo Cdi Final
Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
Similar to IRJET- Affordable Housing in India
(20)
IRJET- Cost Estimation of a Building using Cost Effective Building Materials
IRJET- Cost Estimation of a Building using Cost Effective Building Materials
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
Low cost building materials
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
IRJET- Limitations of Green Building Rating Systems – A Case of LEED and ...
Sustainability Assessment Rating Tools in Real Estate Sector - An Applicative...
Sustainability Assessment Rating Tools in Real Estate Sector - An Applicative...
Green technology by kakali Roy.
Green technology by kakali Roy.
Green technology by kakali.
Green technology by kakali.
IRJET- Low Cost Housing
IRJET- Low Cost Housing
IRJET- Planning and Designing of Residential Building by using Sustainable Ma...
IRJET- Planning and Designing of Residential Building by using Sustainable Ma...
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
IRJET- Construction of E3 Shelter by Civil Waste Material: A Review
Sustainable Green Building Concept
Sustainable Green Building Concept
IRJET- Comparative Study between RCC Structures and Prefabricated Structures
IRJET- Comparative Study between RCC Structures and Prefabricated Structures
Review on Green Building Concepts & Techniques
Review on Green Building Concepts & Techniques
IRJET- Role of Construction Waste Material Management in Construction Ind...
IRJET- Role of Construction Waste Material Management in Construction Ind...
STUDY OF GREEN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING IN CHAKAN MIDC
STUDY OF GREEN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING IN CHAKAN MIDC
A Review on Waste Material Minimization in Construction Industry
A Review on Waste Material Minimization in Construction Industry
An Approach in the Direction of Green City Concept-''Sustainable Development'
An Approach in the Direction of Green City Concept-''Sustainable Development'
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
IRJET - Anlysis and Study of Existing Sustainable Building
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...
Natural Resources In Construction Geo Cdi Final
Natural Resources In Construction Geo Cdi Final
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Recently uploaded
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
ranjana rawat
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
null - The Open Security Community
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
ranjana rawat
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
SIVASHANKAR N
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
malavadedarshan25
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
wendy cai
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
ranjana rawat
HARDNESS, FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND STRENGTH OF CERAMICS
HARDNESS, FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND STRENGTH OF CERAMICS
RajkumarAkumalla
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
João Esperancinha
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Suhani Kapoor
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
upamatechverse
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
KurinjimalarL3
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
Introduction to Multiple Access Protocol.pptx
Introduction to Multiple Access Protocol.pptx
upamatechverse
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
RajaP95
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
ranjana rawat
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
soniya singh
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
Recently uploaded
(20)
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(PRIYA) Rajgurunagar Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-2 LATHE MACHINE
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
HARDNESS, FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND STRENGTH OF CERAMICS
HARDNESS, FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND STRENGTH OF CERAMICS
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls Service Nagpur Tanvi Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Introduction to Multiple Access Protocol.pptx
Introduction to Multiple Access Protocol.pptx
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur Suman Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
IRJET- Affordable Housing in India
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2343 AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA Naik Sameer Sajid1, Qureshi Md2, Naik Tabassum3, Mulla Jabran4 1,2,3,4Undergraduate Students, M.H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering, Mumbai ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - : Affordable housing is a problem that many countries are taking stock of, world over. In India, the problem is much more stack with an estimated shortage of around 18 million houses, with 99% of this in the economically weaker sections of society. This paper sets out the definitions of affordable housing in India. The Government of India (GOI) hadestimated ashortage of more than 18.78 million homes at the beginning of 2012, of which 95% were in the EWS (Economically Weaker Sections) and LIG (Low Income Group) segments. Further, the country’s total urban housingshortageisprojectedtobeabout30millionby2022. The Indian Government currently faces an uphill task of providing for more than 2 crore dwellings by the year 2022, which translated to almost 3 million units per year to fulfill its electoral promise of ‘Housing for All by 2022’. 1. INTRODUCTION Affordable housing refers to housing units that are affordable by that section of society whose income is below the median household income. Though different countries have different definitions for affordable housing, but it is largely the same, i.e. affordable housing should address the housing needs of theloweror middleincome households.Affordablehousing becomesa key issue especially in developing nations where a majority of the population isn't able to buy houses at the market price. Disposable income of the people remains the primary factor in determining the affordability. As a result, it becomes the increased responsibility of the government to cater to the rising demand for affordable housing. The Government of India has taken various measures to meet the increased demand for affordable housing along with some developers and stressing on public-private partnerships (PPP) for development of these units. Affordable Housing is fast taking center stage in the international as well as the national agenda in India. With housing recognized as a basic need, governments at every level are discussing ways and means to provide access to housing for its citizenry so as to increase their productive capital. Disordered urbanization is reflected in almost 65.5 million Indians who, according to the country’s 2011 Census, live in urban slums4 .In addition, according to the World Bank’s AgglomerationIndex,a globallyapplicablealternativemeasureofurbanconcentration, the share of India’s population living in areas with urban-like features in 2010 was 55.3 percent. This compares to an official urban share of the population of just over 31 percent, suggesting the existence of considerable hidden urbanization. This research paper aims at assessing the impact of the government initiatives on both the parties, i.e., the private developers and the homebuyers and tries to encapsulate their views on the government policies to boost the segment. 1.1 OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research paper are: a) To analyze the various initiatives taken by the government to give a boost affordable housing sector b) To study the impact of government policies on affordable housing c) To provide suggestions to the government regarding future improvements in its policies relating to the affordable housing sector. 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The paper is based on the data collected from government policies like, the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna, Housing for All by 2022, real estate industry data from research reports of magicbricks.com, etc.Variousnational andinternational journalshave been referred for the work. Various publications have been referred for the work. Data has also been collected from Unnati Gruhanirman Yojana. Materials Selection for Low Cost Housing: The first step to low cost housing material selection is to select ecofriendly building materials. This also enhances the sustainable design principle. The life cycle of building is Prebuilding, building and post-building stages. Each stage of building should be such that they help conserve the energy. These three stages indicate flow of building materials through different stages of a building. Pre-building stage mainly consists of manufacture which is subdivided in processing, packing and transport. The building phase mainly consists of construction, operation and maintenance whilst as the last stage would be disposal where the material can be recycled or reused. In Manufacturing of low cost building materials
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2344 Pollution prevention: Manufacturing of building materialsshouldbeenvironmentfriendly.Effortsshouldbemadetostudyand revise the technologies for producing good quality, efficient building materials. Reducing Energy Consumption and use of Natural materials: The total energy required to produce a material is called embodied energy. The greater a materials embodied energy; it requires a greater usage of non-renewable sources. It is therefore advantageous to use materials or composite materials prepared from the wastages. The natural materials such as stones, wood, lime, sand and bamboo can be used in ample where ever possible. The natural materials impact more sustainabilitytostructuresaswell astheyarefriendlier to environment. Recycling of wastes in Manufacturing: The wastes which can be recycled can and used in masonries whilst as wooden wastes can be used in manufacture of plywood or soft boards.(Courtesy-BMTPC) Use of Local material: The use of local materials reduces the dependence on transportationwhosecontributiontothebuilding material cost is high for long distance. A use of locally available building materials not only reduces the construction cost but also is suitable for the local environmental conditions. Energy Efficiency: Energy efficiently of a building material can be measured through various factors as its R value, shading coefficient, luminous efficiency or fuel efficiency. Energy efficient materials must reduce the amount of generated energy. Use of non-toxic building materials: Use of toxic building materials can significantly impact the health of construction people and the occupants of the building. Thus it is advisabletousethenon-toxicbuildingmaterialsforconstruction.There areseveral chemicals including formaldehydes, benzene, ammonia, resins, chemicals in insulations, ply boards which are present in furnishings and building material. The effect on health of these toxic materials mustbe considered while their selection and they should be used only where-ever required. Higher air cycling is recommended while installation of materials having volatile organic compound such as several adhesives, paints, sealants, cleaners and so on. Longitivity, durability and maintenance of building material: The use of durable construction materialsdoesnotonlyenhance the life of the building but also reduces the cost of maintenance. The lower maintenance costs naturally save a lot of building operating cost. The materials used in buildings determine the long term costs of an operating. Recyclability and reusability of building material: Amaterial shouldbeavailableinformwhichcanberecyclableor reusable.Ex –the plastics waste can be used for recycling and producing newer materials. The scrap from steel can be used tomanufacture the rcc bars, binding covers and other miscellaneous steel products in building construction. Biodegradability: A material should be able to decompose naturally when discarded. Natural materials or organic materials would decompose very easily. It is also a very important consideration whether a material decomposes naturally or produces some toxic gases.
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2345 Composites as Building Materials: The composite building materials are made ofcompositionoftwoormorematerialswhichhave enhanced property. Natural fiber materials are coming up as excellent substitutesfortheprevailing building materials.Fiberslikes jute, sisal coconut, ramie, banana are cheap and environmentally suited as they are made from natural fibers. They are also replacing the fiber reinforcedplastics.Compositebuildingmaterialspresentimmense opportunitiesto replacetraditional materials as timber, steel, aluminum and concrete in buildings. They help in reduction of corrosion and their low weight has been proved useful in many low stress applications. Each type of composite has its own characteristic properties and thus useful for specific purpose. Jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composites, coir fiber reinforced composites, sisal fiber and wollastonite jute pultruded composites are a few to be named. CBRI has developed MDF composite doors containing coir fiber, cashew nut, shell liquid (CNSL) as natural resin and Para formaldehydeasmajorconstituents.Manycompositebuildingmaterialsaregeneratedfrom glass fibers and industrial wastes. These materials are used for manufacturing of portable toilets, water storage tanks, outdoor furniture, bath tubs, interior decoration, basin, door, window frames etc. Thus the application of composite building materials in construction vary from cladding to internal furnishings and the owner highly benefitsduetotheirapplicationbecauseoftheirlight weight, resistance to corrosion and availabilityindifferentcolors.Pultrusionismost costeffectivemethodforproducingcomposite profiles. It is commercially applicable for light weight corrosion free structures, electrical non-conductive systems and so many other functions. Availability of natural fibre in India and its applications in building materials. 4. Scope of Project: Affordable housing is a term used to describe dwelling units whose total housing costaredeemed“Affordable”toa groupofpeople within a specified income range. In India, the technology to be adopted for housingcomponentsshouldbesuchthattheproduction and erection technology be adjusted to suite the level of skills and handling facilities availableundermetropolitan, urban andrural conditions. Logical approach for optimizing housing solutions: There should be a logical approachforprovidingappropriatetechnologybased on the availability of options, considering its technical and economical analysis. 1) There should be optimal space in the design considering efficiency of space, minimum circulation space. 2) Economy should be considered in design of individual buildings, layouts, clusters etc. 3) While preparing the specifications it should be kept in mind that, cost effective construction systems are adopted. 4) Energy efficiency has gained considerable importance due to energy crisis especiallyindevelopingcountries.Orientation, built– form, openings & materials play a vital role besides landscaping / outdoor environment. 5) To develop an effective mechanism for providing appropriate technology based shelterparticularlytothevulnerablegroupand economically weaker section. 3. LITERATURE REVIEW: 1)Vidya Devi, Rinki Taur (Oct 2009) This paper aims at varied aspects of prefab building methodologies for low value housing by lightness the various manufacture techniques to scale back the price of construction. Since there's continuous and recurrent production of same varieties of parts in formed construction, therefore, it ends up in quicker execution, a lot of productivityandeconomy.Inprefabconstruction,thework on web site is reduced to minimum, thereby, enhancing the standard of labor, irresponsibleness and cleanliness. 2) Jones Lang LaSalle (2011) The paper offers the concept concerning Urbanization and Housing shortage in Bharat as per EWS, LIG, MIG and HIG as per the technical cluster report on Estimation of Urban Housing.InthispaperbelowthePolicyFramework andrulesforLowpriceHousing the Central level Schemes likewise as State sponsored initiatives area unit mentioned. Central level schemes like. statesman National renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Maharashtra Housing and space Development Authority (MHADA)
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2346 3) Swaptik Chowdhury,Sangeeta Roy (Jan21, 2013) The paper grants work on inexpensive having blessings on areas such as Asian nation wherever concrete or steel is dear. This paper aims to means the varied aspects of prefab building ways for low price housing by light the various fabrication techniques, and therefore the efficient blessings achieved by its adoption which might be studied one by one supported the requirements so, rising the speed of construction and reducing the development price. the foremost gift ways of construction systems thought of here square measure particularly, structural, precast. 4) Construction Methodology: This project is work developed to reduce the cost of a 2 bed room house by adopting the following three methods.Reducethetime of construction two weeks where by certain establishment costs like watchmen salary, power consumption and supervision etc could be limited to that two week period only.Reduce the labor component by using special shuttering and going in for a complete concrete shell i.e., the footings, walls, and slabs are made in concrete and the whole structure is concreted in one day at a stretch. Special care is taken to use smooth surfaced shuttering, perfectly aligned to line and plumb. All the pipes of sanitary and electrical are laid to plan before concreting and ensured that they stay in their position at the time of concreting. The materials used will be the locally available materials like fly ash, whichwehave usedtoreducecementcomponentby30%locallyavailablesandretrieved from riverbeds Tandur blue stones and CRS masonry using granite stones for wall foundation and basement, locally available morrum soils for filling in basement and developing all around building. The site is cleared and the type of foundation like load bearing CRS wall or RCC footing is decided based on the no of floors, SBC and water table etc. The foundation is done as per the plan. Then if it is a load bearing wall type the wall foundation is taken as shown in figure and shuttering for walls and slab is erected. The shuttering for walls will be big panels of 8’x4’size and the mechanism is developed to make it convenient for shuttering ,de-shuttering and transport so that any non - technical labor can erect it and remove it . The shuttering ensures verticality of walls and smooth surface of walls. Special care is taken for this keeping in mind thatthesurfaceneednotbe plastered which will contribute to reduce the cost of plastering. More over the window frames and door frames will be provided in the shuttering itself before concreting along with pipes for wiring and sanitary lines .Thiswill alsoreducethetimeofchasingwallsand to fix them and make good the chased walls. After the completion of foundation and basement it will take two days for shuttering and one day for concreting .the following day the shutteringfor walls will be removed and after ten days the slab shutteringcanbe removed. After deshuttering walls and ceiling the structure is ready for flooring, wiring and plumbing. With this method of construction we can gain lot of time which in turn reduces the labor work. Moreover by ensuring smooth surface and encasing all electrical and plumbing pipes lot of savings can be achieved by avoiding plastering to internal and external walls. For a good building we need good building materials which should sustain for longer period of time at the same time all the construction materials should be economical the following are tests which are performed on the materials. 5. OVERVIEW Initiatives taken by the Government: Despite a widespread shortage of affordablehousinginIndia,privateinterestinthespacehas been negligible. Private developers have largely stayed away from this segment because of thin margins, mainly due to the high land and finance costs, and taxes, which makes the project non-feasible for them. To overcome this challenge, the governmenthas tried to make the affordable housing segment more rewarding forprivateplayerparticipationbyintroducinga slewofmeasuresin the union budget presented this year. The government has granted the much desired ‘infrastructure tag’ to the affordable housing segment, which means the sectorcan now benefit from lower borrowing rates, easy and dedicated access to institutional financing, and higher limit on the external commercial borrowings. This means that the borrowing costs for the projectconstructioncangodowndrasticallyto10%p.a.from the current rates ranging anywhere from 12%-16% p.a. or even higher in case of borrowings from NBFCs. This will significantly reduce the burden on the debt laden sector which is struggling to raisefreshfundsfornewprojects.Thelower borrowingcostswill lead to savings for the developer which will be indirectly passed on to the buyer making the property cheaper for him. The Budget has also provided for 100% deductionforprofitsfromtheaffordablehousingprojects,howevertheminimumalternate tax will apply. This move is expected to generate 15-20% more profit for the developer, hence providing him more margin and scope to make the project viable. The government has also increased the maximum unit size under the affordable housing scheme to 30 sq. mtr. (carpet area) for metropolitan cities, and 60 sq. mtr. for other cities. This is a 30% increase from the previous mentioned sizes whichwere basedon built-up area. This implies that the developer will now have more saleable area to avail the benefits of affordable housing scheme.
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2347 The government has also increased the maximum time to complete the project to 5 years from thecurrent 3years.Thisgivesmore breathing margin to the builder as he is already struggling from sluggish sales and liquidity crunch. Also, it gives more time to the developer to compensate for delay in statutory approvals which is a norm in most of the states in India. The government has exempted service tax on affordable housing units. Currently there is a service tax of approximately 5% on under-constructions units, which must be paid by the buyer. Exemption of service tax for affordable housing units will generate interest of the buyer in under-construction properties compared to completed properties on which service tax is not applicable. Exemption from service tax will reduce the final price to be paid by the buyer. The revised Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) provides an interest subsidy of approximately Rs. 2.5 Lakhs for first time home buyers. Under this scheme, Interest subsidy of 4% will be provided on loans upto Rs. 9 Lakhsforconstruction/acquisitionof house with carpet area of up to 90 sq. metres for those with income of up to Rs. 12 lakh per year, and Interest subsidy of 3% will be provided on loans upto Rs. 12 Lakhs for construction/acquisition of house of up to 110 square metres for those earning between Rs. 12 lakh and Rs. 18.00 lakh per year. Although this scheme is not restricted to theaffordablehousingsegmentandcanbeavailed under other projects as well, but it is expected to give a major boost in demand for affordable housingunits to the buyers as it significantly reduces the cost of borrowing for the buyer making it cheaper for him to own a house. The central government has also written to state governments to provide more benefits to the segment by exempting affordable houses from stamp duty which ranges anywhere from 5%-7% in the NCR region. Stamp duty is a state subject, with the state government fixing the rate and collecting the duty. If the state governments agreetosuchchanges,thenit will bea gamechangeras it will drastically reduce the final cost of the product to the buyer. By providing these exemptions from their end, the states can contribute to the centre government missions. All these policies are set to make the affordable housingsegmentverylucrativeand exciting for real estate developers. 6. Summary and Conclusions: In this study, alternate construction materials were studied and the potential of these materials to be used as alternate building materials is brought out. Depending on the availability of the materials in a particular region, these materials can be selected as transportation consists of approximately 30% of total construction budget. In most developing countries, the challenge is to organize and initiate measures that promote these materials as well as train local artisans and masons in the construction techniques involving these materials. There have beenseveral attemptsatlocal levelstomakeuseofbamboo, mud ornatural fibers but it still lacks scientific precisions and proper techniques to beusedprecisely.Alsotheusageofindustrial wastesstill needsstudy on their betterusage toxicity. These materials if studied and developed properly holdthekeytoaddressthecurrent housing needs. REFERENCES Town planning by S.C Rangwala, K.S Rangwala, and P.S Rangwala, DNA Newsletter A book of building Drawing by M.G Shah and C.M Kale A textbook, Civil Engineering Drawing by SUSHILKUMAR Textbook of Fundamentals of town planning by G.K Hiraskar Textbook of urban planning in india by Amiya Kumar Das Textbook of urban growth strategies by PrakashApte https://www.designbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Town_planning https://www.moretonbay.qld.gov.au https://www.planetizen.com/books
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2348 www.coep.org.in https://mahadma.maharashtra.gov.in https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in https://icaup.org www.academia.edu/Documents/in/urban planning https://airccse.com/civej/index.html https://researchgate.net/a_real_study_of_town_planning
Download now