Green technology by kakali.

[United Nations Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, Earth Summit Agenda 21: The United Nations
Programme of Action from Rio (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)]
[United Nations Environment Programme, Environmentally
Sound Technologies for Sustainable Development, Revised
Draft (Osaka, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics,
2003)], Based on Agenda 21, environmentally sound
technologies are geared to “protect the environment, are less
polluting, use all resources in a more sustainable manner,
recycle more of their wastes and products, and handle residual
wastes in a more acceptable manner than the technologies for
which they were substituted.” Other related terms for green
technology include: climate-smart, climate-friendly and low-
carbon technology.

 Ability to meet strict product specifications in foreign markets:
o Manufacturers in developing countries typically need to meet stricter
environmental requirements and specifications to export their products to
industrialized countries than vice versa. The adoption of green technologies can
help exporting companies to gain advantage and market share over competitors.
 Reduction of input costs:
o Green technology can improve production efficiency through the reduction of
input costs, energy costs and operating and maintenance costs, which can
improve a company’s competitive position.
 Environmental image:
o Adopting green technology can improve a company’s environmental reputation,
which is crucial if other competitors and consumers are becoming more
environmentally conscious.
 Ability to meet stricter environmental regulations in the future:
o Companies that invest in green technology are more likely to be better equipped
and ready for stricter environmental regulations as well as product specifications
that are expected to be imposed on them in the future.

Source: The Economic
Times,11 Feb 2016.
Bharti Airtel Ltd, India's No 1 mobile carrier, announced the
migration of 40,000 of its network sitesacross India
to green technology.
Gopal Vittal, MD & CEO, Bharti Airtel (India South Asia) & said
Under " Project Leap", Bharti Airtel will establish a world-class and
future-ready network, while committing to bring down its carbon
footprint emission by 70 per cent by 2018.
"We plan to adopt solar and new battery technologies in a big way and
double our Green network sites by 2020," said Vittal.
Bharti Airtel has already installed roof top solar power capacity base
of 770 KWp and plans to increase this capacity to 1 MWp in coming
months and enhancing renewable energy wheeling by
solar/wind/hydro on core sites - thereby consuming > 65 GWH/Annum
of green energy.

 Green building (also known as green
construction or sustainable building) refers to a
structure and using process that is environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a
building's life-cycle: from sitting to design,
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation,
and demolition. This requires close cooperation of
the design team, the architects, the engineers, and
the client at all project stages. The Green Building
practice expands and complements the classical
building design concerns of economy, utility,
durability, and comfort.

According to a recent study by
the US Green Building
Council (USGBC) for LEED outside of
the US, India has ranked 3rd in the
list after China, while Canada topped
the green rankings.
Currently, the Council has certified
nearly 2.07 billion sq/ft of green
footprints in India and has set a
target of 10 billion sq/ft by 2022.
At present, there are 200-plus
LEED rated green buildings in India,
about 40 IGBC green factory
buildings and almost 250 IGBC rated
green homes. Jun 1, 2014.
ITC GREENCENTRE – GURGAON
Rajiv Gandhi
International Airport -
Hyderabad

 This is 70 storey, 570
foot tall tower is a
home for a single
family, that of Indian
Mukesh Ambani.
 The tower has been
designed by perkins
in 2010.
 The design is
innovative with rooftop
gardens.
SOURCE;https://shashadgujaran.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/antilla_building_mumbais_gree
n_tower.jpg

 Dematerialization
 One of the chief ways nanotechnology might decrease pollution is
through dematerialization -- the reduction of materials required for
manufacturing. Products that can self-assemble out of small components
use much less material than ones we build from the top-down, which
generate waste and often require solvents and chemical processes.
Meanwhile, researchers are also developing ingenious ways to monitor
pollution, such as nanosensors that can biochemically detect
contamination and pathogens, in real time and over large areas.
 Nanoscale Iron
 Nanoscale iron offers one safe approach for neutralizing chlorinated
organic solvents, organic chlorine-based pesticides like DDT and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Add iron nanoparticles to
tetrachloroethene (a common solvent used in dry cleaning) and the iron
oxidizes, or rusts, freeing up electrons. The reaction gobbles up these
electrons, leaving ethene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon.

 Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is
a philosophy of chemical research and engineering
that encourages the design of products and processes
that minimize the use and generation of hazardous
substances. Whereas environmental chemistry is the
chemistry of the natural environment, and of
pollutant chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeks
to reduce and prevent pollution at its source.

Source;
data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQMAAADCCAMAAAB6zFdcAAAA8FBMVEX/
//9NkSource;BMtXQQ7

USA has been a forerunner in the promotion of this
awareness. They give Presidential Green Chemistry
Challenge (PGCC) Awards to promote the design of
chemical products and manufacturing processes that
prevent pollution and are economically competitive.
It may be mentioned that some other countries,
namely UK, Australia, Italy, have instituted several
awards to render Green chemistry practice more
popular and lucrative.
National Symposium: The first National Symposium
on Green chemistry was held in 1999 at the
University of Delhi, as a part of the Indian venture.
 A National Workshop on Green Chemistry was
organized by the Department of Chemistry, University
of Delhi in March 2009 to bring together all who are
practicing Green chemistry in India for the first time.

 Pharmaceutical industry in India Globally ranks 3rd in terms of
volume and 14th in terms of value according to Department of
Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
 There is a great need to develop newer enzymes that can work at
ambient conditions and to determine their optimum activity by
in-depth study.
 An interdisciplinary approach and healthy partnership between
research institutions and industry can very effectively evolve
solutions to problems faced like the increase in the cost of
chemical fertilizers and consequent risk of degradation of soil
fertility by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the role of
biofertilizers is becoming significant.
 Monitoring and analysis of heavy metals and pesticides is very
important for an agroeconomy-based country like India, and
chief governmental institutes like the Indian Agricultural
Research Institute (IARI) and the Defense Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) are working extensively in
this field.

Japan- TiO2 photocatalysts in Green chemistry:
Secondgeneration titanium oxide-based photocatalytic systems
have been developed and shown to be important for the
purification of polluted water, the decomposition of offensive
atmospheric odours as well as toxins, the fixation of CO2 and
the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons on a huge global
scale.
 USA- The concept of atom economyand the synthesis of
methylmethacrylate (producesusable product at a satisfactory
cost).
India -Development of solid support reagents and catalysts
useful for organic transformations: Mg–Al–O–But-
hydrotalcite, montmorillonites, and a layered double hydroxide
fluoride–solid base catalyst for C–C bond formation20 provide a
few examples of the solid support reagents that have been
developed at IICT, Hyderabad.

Renewable energy is energy that comes from
resources which are continually replenished
such sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geot
hermal heat.
About 16% of global final energy
consumption comes from renewable
resources, with 10% of all energy from
traditional biomass, mainly used for heating,
and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New
renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind,
solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for
another 3% and are growing very rapidly. The
share of renewables in electricity generation is
around 19%, with 16% of electricity coming from
hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables.

SOURCE ;
http://www.marketresearchreports.com/sites/default/files/blogima
ge/renewable-energy-potential-in-india-2014-2022.jpg

SOURCE : http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ajaiswal/SolarInstallations.jpg
31.01.2014.
India already had a total installed capacity of 1.9 GW of solar power by August 2013, with
plans of increasing the capacity by an additional 10 GW by 2017, totalling to 22 GW by
2022. This has been fuelled by regulatory frameworks and policies, including the National
Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, which aims for 15%
renewable energy by 2020.

 Thrive Solar has implemented
Solar Home Lighting Projects in
rural areas through the
MNRE/NABARD Subsidy
programme. Under this
programme, beneficiaries buy
Solar Home Lighting Systems
of different capacities with 40%
subsidy from MNRE under
Jawaharlal Nehru National
Solar Mission (JNNSM). The
capacities covered under the
scheme are from 10Wp to
200Wp. The scheme is
implemented through
NABARD, all Public Sector,
Commercial and Rural banks.

 PROGRAMMES APPROACH-
 The project takes into account India’s diverse rural landscape. It is carrying out
cluster-based pilot interventions in 26 villages in two distinct regions: Korba in
Chhattisgarh, and Kolwan in Maharashtra. It involves the use of three different
renewable energy technologies: straight vegetable oil-based electricity
generation, dry anaerobic digestion of napier grass, and napier grass-based
fuel pellet production. The project integrates the respective communities into its
activities through the formation of village energy committees (VECs), sub-VECs
and village energy enterprises (VEEs).
 Results achieved so far-
 To date, some 12 villages have been commissioned to produce the new fuel
products, and their production is progressing successfully. In these villages,
the community structures have been formed, and they are actively involved in
managing the production systems. An operations team is also in place to manage
the systems. In three villages, management of the systems has now been handed
over to the local community.
 Enterprises have been established using the electricity derived through the
project.
 The businesses include rice hullers, irrigation pumps, flour mills and
producers of ready-to-eat food.
 The VECs and sub VECs are now involved in revenue collection.
 Meanwhile, supply chains for important feedstock have been established, based
on contract farmers who grow napier grass and with links to jatropha seed
traders.

 The solar steam system, which was recently
inaugurated by New and Renewable
Energy Minister Farooq Abdullah, has
been designed for cooking food for devotees
visiting the Sai temple, according to the
release which is “WORLDS LARGEST
SOOLAR COOKING SYSTEM”.
 By installing the solar powered cooker, at a
cost of Rs 1.33 crore, the organiser can
cook food for 20,000 people per day
incurring cheaper cost on fuel.
 The Centre has granted a subsidy of Rs
58.40 lakh so that Sri Sai Baba
Sansthanan can save every year 1lakh
kg of LPG, estimated to cost Rs
20,00,000.
 Some of the other large solar steam
cooking systems installed include one at
Mount Abu in Rajasthan for 10,000
people per day, Tirupathi in Andhra
Pradesh for 15,000 people a day.

Most significant solar cooking project in
shirdi sai natha, Maharashtra ,India.
source:http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/solarcooking/images/2/25/Shirdi_roof_c
ollector_array.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20100425231949

 Travelling from Howrah for 81 kms taking a 90 minutes ferry ride from
Patharpratima, is what takes one to the beautiful village of Indrapur, in
Sundarbans which leaves you spellbound. The only way to access the project
location was through a 90 minute ferry ride from Patharpratima, the closest
ferry dock which is 81 kms away from the nearest railway station.
 Tata Power Solar successfully custom designed, engineered and installed a
110 kW solar plant that was commissioned in March 2011.
 Access to solar energy without continuous sun: Despite a population of
200,000, the island has no mains electricity supply. To make up for the lack
of continuous exposure to sun, Tata Power Solar custom designed a unique
solar power system on a two day autonomy mechanism in which battery bank
was altered to discharge a 25 – 30% per day irrespective of a sunny or a
cloudy day. This way the battery stores up to 70-80% energy that can be used
the following day.
 Impact-Well suited to the fragile ecosystem of the region, the solar power
plant gives the fishing community of 10,000 people access to electricity
and clean water. Over 2000 families have electricity and children are
able to use good quality of light to do their homework after dark.
Literacy rates have improved and the island economy has been boosted by
extended working hours, especially the periodically held village markets. The
village now enjoys a night bazaar where its people are able to go buy fresh
fruits and vegetables.

INDIA West Bengal , Sagar Island in
Sundarban the delta of Ganga river ,
solar power

 At the Chennai factory of startup Vortex
Engineering, technicians are building Solar ATMs
that can work far better in rural areas compared
with conventional cash machines.
 "This makes it a $ 500-600 million opportunity for
companies like Vortex Engineering that have a
customized and relevant product for the market,"
says Sateesh Andra, managing partner at Venture
East Tenet Fund, an early investor into the company.
 Vortex ATMs use only up to 100 watts – about as much as
it takes to light a bulb.
 In 2008, the first ATM rolled out of the Vortex
factory as a pilot project for India's largest bank the
State Bank of India. In 2009, the State Bank of
India ordered 545 ATMs, of which 300 were solar.
By 2011 it was selling to Nepal, Bangladesh, Djibouti
and Madagascar.
 IN 2015 the company will roll out 5,000 ATMs to
more than 20 rural bank companies and look to
expand internationally. SOURCE: CNBC Neerja Jetley
Tuesday, 1 Apr 2014 | 8:37 AM
ET

 Japan initiated the Top Runner Programme to improve energy efficiency of
end-use products, as a cornerstone of its climate change policy. The idea
is that the most energy-efficient product on the market during the
standard-setting process establishes the “Top Runner standard” which all
corresponding product manufacturers will aim to achieve in the next
stage.The targeted products account for more than 70 per cent of
residential electricity use. But the target is over achieved For example,-
 The energy efficiency of room air conditioners improved by 68 per cent,
of refrigerators by 55 per cent, of TV receivers by 26 per cent, of
computers by 99 per cent, of fluorescent lights by 78 per cent, of
vending machines by 37 per cent and of gasoline passenger cars by
23 per cent (Japan, Energy Conservation Center, 2008), representing
enormous technical improvements and attaining one of the highest levels
of energy efficiency in the world.
 Portugal - increased the share of renewable (including hydroelectric
power) in total energy supply from 17 to 45 per cent in just five
years, between 2005 and 2010. Such accelerated transitions will likely
be easier in small and resource-rich or affluent economies than in large
and resourcepoor or low-income countries.

The plastic waste material is first shredded to a particular size using a shredding machine. The
plastic waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the resulting mix is used for road
construction. The road laying temperature is between 110°c to 120°c. The roller used has a capacity of
8 tons.
Prof R Vasudevan’s also made plastone made of plastic and stone , Which can float also.
Jamshedpur, Uttarakhand, Kerala and Tamil Nadu already implemented this road making policy.
Prof R Vasudevan
Source:http://www.thebetterindia.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/01/plastic-man-fb-
post.jpg

 Organic agriculture, according to the Codex Alimentarius
Commission, is “a holistic production management system that
avoids use of synthetic fertilizer, pesticides and genetically
modified organisms, minimizes pollution of air, soil and water
and optimizes the health and productivity of interdependent
communities of plants, animals and people. The market for
global organic food and beverage is currently estimated at
around US$104.5 billion by 2015.
 Organic agriculture consists of practices that increase resource
efficiency by optimizing nutrient and energy flow while
minimizing human health risks and environmental impact
includes:
• Crop rotations
• Crop diversity
• Integrated livestock production
• Organic fertilizer
• Biological pest control

 The Korean Government has already started adapting its agriculture
sector in the face of a changing climate. The adaptation strategy was
charted in a roadmap for 2030 designed in three phases: short-term base
build-up phase (2010–2013), mid-term take-off phase (2014–2019) and
long-term settlement phase (2020–2030). Each phase covers seven
categories, and a total of 19 adaptation measures listed below:
• R&D – breeding, production technology development, base technology
development, resource management innovation and climate information
system .
• Infrastructure management – farmland management, agricultural water
management and agricultural facility management .
• Economic means – provision of grants.
• Legal and institutional improvement – insurance system expansion,
resource management system set-up and regional plans.
• Human resource training and education – training, education and public
relations.
• Monitoring – assessment of adaptation and vulnerability.
• Technology and management applicable to farm households –
production technology management, soil management, water management
and farm household finance management.

 The Chinese government’s agricultural countermeasures
against climate change are largely divided into
greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation.
 The mitigation strategies entail:
• Popularizing of low carbon-emitting, multi-harvesting rice
varieties and half-drought type cultivation techniques;
• Adopting efficient irrigation methods and soil-specific
fertilization techniques;
• Researching and developing high-quality ruminant breeding
technology and stockbreeding management technologies;
• Strengthening the management of animal excrement,
wastewater and solid wastes;
• Improving the efficiency of methane use; and controlling
methane emissions.

 Sustainable transport refers to the broad subject
of transport that is sustainable in the senses of social,
environmental and climate impacts and the ability to, in the
global scope, supply the source energy indefinitel.

 USA- The 2007 revision of CAFE no longer exempts
light trucks classified as SUVs or passenger vans
(unless they exceed a 4.5 t gross vehicle weight rating),
and the aim is to increase fleet efficiency to 35 mpg
by 2020. For comparison, the 1913 Model T Ford,
which was the world’s first mass-produced automobile,
averaged 25 mpg.
 All new cars in New Zealand currently rate between
34 and 62 mpg.
 The EU corporate vehicle standard of 130 gCO2/km,
to be achieved by 2012, is equivalent to 47 mpg (or
5 litres (l)/100 km) for a gasoline-fuelled car.

 Eco-design, which is often referred to as cradle-to-cradle design
(C2C), is a policy tool aimed at improving the environmental
performance of products throughout their lifecycle by introducing
specific requirements in their design stage. Eco-design can take a
variety of forms, such as guidelines, checklists, indicators and
life-cycle assessment. While eco-labelling helps to disclose
information on the products in order to assist consumers in
making informed decisions, eco-design, in contrast, directly
influences the way the product is designed, manufactured,
packaged, transported, used and disposed.
 These groups of products under consideration include windows,
steam boilers (less than 50MW), power cables, enterprises
servers, storage and ancillary equipment, and smart
appliances/meters. According to the working plan, these priority
product groups are estimated to achieve energy savings of
1,157 TWh per year by 2030.

 In Malaysia, green technology has been
recognized as a driver for future economic
growth, energy security, climate change
mitigation and adaptation. In April 2009, the
Malaysian prime minister proclaimed his vision of a
Green Malaysia and demonstrated his commitment
to climate change mitigation and energy security by
escalating the advancement of green technology
through the creation of the Ministry of Energy,
Green Technology and Water. The prime minister
further enunciated his vision by developing
Putrajaya and Cyberjava as pioneer townships in
green technology that were to become a showcase
for the development of other townships across the
country.

1. Increase energy efficiency by 20% points by 2016-
2017. Estimated Rs.15 crore has been spent for green
technology in India in 2011.
2. New and Renewable Energy Plan,(2011-2017).
3. Electricity Act, 2003. amended in 2004 and 2007.
4. National Bio-fuel mission,2003.
5. The Government of India approved the National Policy
on Biofuels in December 2009.
6. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was
launched on the 11th January, 2010.
7. Through these provisions India aims to meet 20% of
countries total requirement of energy from renewable
sources by 2020.

Green technologies are an
approach towards saving earth
and are necessary if we want to
live on earth beyond two
centuries.
Green technologies offer a way
out of destruction.

Green technology by kakali.

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