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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1137 IOT BASED AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO Poonam Pal1, Ritik Gupta2, Sanjana Tiwari3, Ashutosh Sharma4 1,2,3,Students, Electronics and Communication Dept. of Acropolis Institute of Technology and research, M.P, India 4Professor,Electronics and Communication Dept. of Acropolis Institute of Technology and research, M.P, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – The level of pollution has increased with times by lot of factors like the increase in population, increased vehicle use, industrialization andurbanization whichresultsin harmful effects on human wellbeing by directly affecting health of population exposed to it. In order to monitor In this project we are going to make an IOT Based Air Pollution Monitoring System in which we will monitor the Air Quality over a web server using internet and willtriggeraalarmwhen the air quality goes down beyond a certain level, means when there are sufficient amount of harmful gasesarepresentinthe air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It willshowthe air quality in PPM on the LCD and as well as on webpage so that we can monitor it very easily. In this IOT project, you can monitor the pollution level from anywhere using your computer or mobile. Key Words: Internet of things, air pollution, sound pollution, sensors, monitoring system,aurduino 1. INTRODUCTION The main objective of IOT Air & Sound Monitoring System is that the Air and sound pollution is a growing issue these days. It is necessary to monitor air quality and keep it under control for a better future and healthy living for all. Due to flexibility and low cost Internet of things (IoT) is getting popular day by day. With the urbanization and with the increase in the vehicles on road the atmospheric conditions have considerably affected. Harmful effects of pollution include mild allergic reactionssuchasirritationofthethroat, eyes and nose as well as some serious problems like bronchitis, heart diseases, pneumonia, lung and aggravated asthma. Monitoring gives measurements ofair pollutantand sound pollution concentrations, which can then be analyzed interpreted and presented. This information can then be applicable in many ways. Analysis of monitoring data allows us to assess how bad air pollution and sound pollution is from day to day. 2. EXISTING MODEL The commercial metersavailableinthemarketareFlukeCO- 220 carbon monoxide meter for CO, Amprobe CO2 meterfor CO2, ForbixSemicon LPG gas leakage sensor alarm for LPG leakage detection. The researchers in this field have proposed various air quality monitoring systems based on WSN, GSM and GIS. Now each technology has limited uses according to the intended function, as Zigbee is meant for users with Zigbee trans-receiver, Bluetooth. GIS based system is designed, implemented and tested to monitor the pinpoints of air pollution of any area. It consists of a microcontroller, gas sensors, mobile unit, a temporary memory buffer and a web server with internet connectivity which collects data from different locations along with coordinate’s information at certain time of a day. The readings for particular location are averagedina closedtime and space. The Global Positioning System (GPS) module is attached to a system to provide accurate representation of pollution sources in an area. The recorded data is periodically transferred to a computer through a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) connection and then the data will be displayed on the dedicated website with user acceptance. As a result large number of people can be benefited with the large 2.1 WHY THIS PROJECT? We propose an air quality as well as sound pollution monitoring system that allows us to monitor and check live air quality as well as sound pollution in an area through IOT. System uses air sensors to sense presence of harmful gases/compounds in the air and constantly transmit this data. Also, system keeps measuring sound level and reports it. The sensors interact with arduino uno which processes this data and transmits it over the application. This allows authorities to monitor air pollution in differentareasandact against it. Also, authorities can keep a watch on the noise pollution near schools, hospitals and no honking areas. 2.2 ABOUT IOT The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines,
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1138 objects, animals or peoplethatareprovidedwith unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiringhuman-to-humanorhuman- to-computer interaction. IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS), micro services and the internet. The convergence has helped tear downthesilo walls between operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT), allowing unstructured machine - generated data to be analyzed for insights that will drive improvements. ARDUINO Arduino is an open-source electronicsplatform basedon easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduinoboards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. All Arduino boards are completely open-source, empowering users to build them independently and eventually adapt them to their particular needs. The software, too, is open-source, and it is growing through the contributions of users worldwide. 3. AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS The important parameters that are considered in the proposed framework include: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – CO2 is colorless, odorless gas and non-combustible gas. Moreover, it is considered under the category of asphyxiate gases that have capability of interfering the availability of oxygen for tissues. Carbon Dioxide is a gas essential to life in the planet, because it is one of the most important elements evolving photosynthesis process, which converts solar into chemical energy. The concentration of CO2 has increased due mainly to massive fossil fuels burning. This increase makes plants grow rapidly. The rapid growth of undesirable plants leads to the increase use of chemicals to eliminate them. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) - Sulphur Dioxide is a colorless gas, detectable by the distinct odour and taste. Like CO2, it is mainly due to fossil fuels burning and to industrial processes. In high concentrations may cause respiratory problems, especially in sensitive groups, like asthmatics. It contributes to acid rains. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) – Nitrogen Dioxide is a brownish gas, easily detectable for its odour, very corrosive and highly oxidant. It is produced as the result of fossil fuels burning. Usually NO thrown to the atmosphere is converted in NO2 by chemical processes. In high concentrations, NO2 may lead to respiratory problems. Like SO2, it contributes to acid rains. Smoke-About 1 million people are in habit of tobacco smoking globally of which majority population is from developingcountries.Everyyear nearly 4.9 million people died due to smoking according to 2007 report. In addition, second hand smoke is serious threat to the health of people of all age’s causes 41000 deaths each year. LPG-Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an odorless and colorless liquid which evaporates readily intoa gas. Leakage is normally detected by adding an odorant into it. It is considered under the category of highly flammable gases and it can be classified as a carcinogen and mutagen if Butadiene content is more than 0.1%. LPG may leak in the form of a gas or a liquid. If it leaks in the form of a liquid it evaporates quickly and will eventually form large cloud of gas in air which is relatively heavier than air thus drops to the ground. Whereas, LPG vapors travel along the ground for a long distance and gets collected in drains or basements. Gas leads to burn or explode after getting in touch with a source of ignition. Temperature and humidity- Measurement of temperature is important for safety of people and affects our life skills. Greenhouse effect can be monitored by measuring temperature and comparing temperature changes from historical to present time especially since the industrial revolution using climate data. Humidity is a type of gas that protects us from UV rays from the sun and helps trap heat on Earth, thereby making the climate on Earth, a pleasant one for living. But as humidity increases, the warmth on Earth also increases which makes our life uncomfortable. Humidity is essential for various storage and food processing facilities. 4. AIR POLLUTION MONITORING EQUIPMENT The different components of the equipment along with their intended purpose are discussed below: Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller It is the most flexible hardware platform used based on ATmega328P which can be programmed according to the function where it is to be used. It has 6 analog inputs, 14 digital input/output pins (6 pins of these can be used as PWM outputs), a USB Connection, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, SPI, serial interface, a reset button, a power jack and an ICSP header as shown in Fig.3.The Arduino microcontrollerisnot only for technical audience but is intended for designersand artists as well because of its focus to usability based on its design which helps to achieve the intended goal [6].It is the
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1139 primary component of the framework. In addition, it is an open source microcontroller device with easily accessible software/hardware Platform and is compatible with many sensors available. Everything needed for its working is present on the board; we only require a USBcabletodirectly connect it to the computer or give power using battery source or AC to DC adapter to get started. ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network.Wi-Fimodule is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application processor. Every ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT command set firmware, meaning, we can simply connect to the Arduino device. The ESP8266 module is an extremely cost effective board. MQ135 Gas Sensor The Sensitive material used in MQ135 gas sensor is SnO2. The conductivity of this material is lower in clean air. The sensor conductivity increases with the increasing concentration of target pollution gas. MQ135 can monitor different kinds of toxic gases such as sulphide, ammonia gas, benzene series steam and CO2. The detection range is 10- 10,000 ppm with the voltage rate of about 5.0V±0.1V AC or DC. 5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND EQUIPMENT 5.1 COMPONENTS NEEDED 1. MQ135 Gas sensor 2. Arduino Uno 3. Wi-Fi module ESP8266 4. 16X2 LCD 5. Breadboard 6. 1K ohm resistors 7. 220 ohm resistor 8. Buzzer 5.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5.3 WORKING We start with connecting the ESP8266 with the Arduino. ESP8266 runs on 3.3V and if you will give it 5V from the Arduino then it won’t work properly and it may get damage. Connect the VCC and the CH_PD to the 3.3V pin of Arduino. The RX pin of ESP8266 works on 3.3V and it will not communicate with the Arduino when we will connect it directly to the Arduino. So, we will have to make a voltage divider for it which will convert the 5V into 3.3V. This can be done by connecting three resistors in series like we did in the circuit. Connect the TX pin of the ESP8266 to the pin 10 of the Arduino and the RX pin of the esp8266 to the pin 9 of Arduino through the resistors. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module gives yourprojects accesstoWi-Fior internet. It is a very cheap device and makes your projects very powerful. It can communicate with anymicrocontroller and it is the most leading devices in the IOT platform. Learn more about here. Then we will connect the MQ135 sensor with the Arduino. Connect the VCC and the ground pin ofthe sensor to the 5V and ground of the Arduino and the Analog pin of sensor to the A0 of the Arduino. Connect a buzzer to the pin 8 of the Arduino which will start to beep when the condition becomes true. The MQ135 sensor can sense NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2 and some other gases, so it is perfect gas sensor forour Air QualityMonitoringProject. When we will connect it to Arduino then it will sense the gases, and we will get the Pollution level in PPM (parts per million). MQ135 gas sensor gives the output in form of voltage levels and we need to convert it into PPM. So for converting the output in PPM, here we have used a library for MQ135 sensor, it is explained in detail in “Code Explanation” section below. Sensor was givingusvalueof90 when there was no gas near it and the safe level ofairquality is 350 PPM and it should not exceed 1000 PPM. When it exceeds the limit of 1000 PPM, then it starts cause Headaches, sleepiness and stagnant, stale, stuffy air and if exceeds beyond 2000 PPM then it can cause increased heart rate and many other diseases. When the value will be less than 1000 PPM, then the LCD and webpage will display “Fresh Air”. Whenever the value will increase 1000 PPM, then the buzzer will start beeping and the LCD and webpage will display “Poor Air, Open Windows”. If it will increase 2000 then the buzzer will keep beeping and the LCD and webpage will display “Danger! Move to fresh Air”. 6. CONCLUSION The system to monitor the air of environment usingArduino microcontroller, IOT Technology is proposed to improve quality of air. With the use of IOT technology enhances the process of monitoring various aspects of environment such as air quality monitoring issue proposed in this paper. Here the using of MQ135 gas sensor gives the sense of different type of dangerous gas and arduino is the heart ofthisproject which controls theentireprocess. Wi-Fimoduleconnectsthe
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1140 whole process to internet and LCD is used for the visual Output. The Automatic Air & Sound management systemisa step forward to contribute a solution to the biggest threat. The air & sound monitoring system overcomes the problem of the highly-polluted areas which is a major issue. It supports the new technology and effectively supports the healthy life concept. This system has features for the people to monitor the amount of pollution on their mobile phones using the application. REFERENCES [1] https://www.tinkercad.com/ [2] https://circuits.io/ [3] https://www.arduino.cc/ [4] https://circuitdigest.com/ microcontroller -projects/ iot -air-pollution-monitoring-using-arduino [5] Riteeka Nayak, Malaya Ranjan Panigrahy , Vivek Kumar Rai and T Appa Rao:IOT based air pollution monitoring system Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 [6] Navreetinder Kaur , Rita Mahajan and Deepak Bagai: Air Quality Monitoring System based on Arduino Microcontroller Vol. 5, Issue 6, June 2016 [7] Palaghat Yaswanth Sai: An IoT Based AutomatedNoise and Air Pollution Monitoring System Vol. 6, Issue 3, March 2017 [8] 1 L.Ezhilarasi, 2 K.Sripriya, 3 A .Suganya , 4K.Vinodhini .: A System for Monitoring Air and Sound Pollution using Arduino Controller with IOT Technology Vol. 3 Issue 2 (2017) Pages 1781 – 1785 [9] Exploring Arduino : Tools and Techniques for Engineering Wizardry by Jeremy Blum 1st edition [10] Ms. Sarika Deshmukh, Mr.Saurabh surendran and Prof.M.P. Sardey:Air and Sound Pollution Monitoring System using IoT Volume: 5 Issue: 6
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