how geographical location has influenced bangladesh.

1. IFFAT ARA
Lecturer, Geomatics
LMA, PSTU

2. OUTLINE OF THE CLASS
1) GEO-DATA
1) Location
• Absolute
• Relative
2) Locational Advantage
• Geophysical
• Economic
• Geopolitical
3) Locational Characteristics & Disaster Generation

3. GEO-DATAArea
143,998 km2
Country
comparison to
the world:
95
Land:
130,168 km2
Water:
13,830 km2

4. GEO-DATA
Land boundaries
total: 4,413 km
Border countries: Myanmar
271 km, India 4,142 km
Coastline: 580 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nmi
(22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
contiguous zone: 18 nmi
(33.3 km; 20.7 mi)
exclusive economic zone:
200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)
continental shelf: up to the
outer limits of the continental
margin

5. GEO-DATA
Elevation extremes
lowest point: Indian
Ocean 0 m
highest point: In the
Mowdok range at 1052
m (at N 21°47'12" E
92°36'36"),
!!! NOT Keokradong
(883 m not 1,230 m) or
Tajingdong (985 m not
1,280 m as sometimes
reported)

6. WHAT IS LOCATION?
• A certain point or extent in space
• Used to identify a place or an area on the earth’s
surface or elsewhere
• Space & Place – Two different Entities

7. TYPES OF LOCATION
• Absolute
• Relative

8. ABSOLUTE LOCATION
• Absolute location describes the location of a
place based on a fixed point on earth. Also
called geographical location
• The most common way is to identify the
location using coordinates such as latitude
and longitude.

9. ABSOLUTE LOCATION

10. RELATIVE LOCATION
• Relative location refers to the position of a place or entity based
on its positive with respect to other locations.
• Relative location can also be expressed in terms of distance,
travel time, or cost.

11. RELATIVE LOCATION
 Assam &
Meghalayas in
the North, West
Bengal in the
West, Assam,
Mizoram, Tripura
& Myanmar in
the East and Bay
of Bengal in the
South

12. RELATIVE LOCATION
(CONTD.)
 Bangladesh has Himalaya in the
North, Rajmahal Hill in the West,
Khasia-Jainta hills in the East
(Tippera Surface) and Arakan-
Yoma Range in the South-East.

13. RELATIVE LOCATION (CONTD.)
 South Asia, between the
Himalayan foothills and
the Bay of Bengal,
Northern and Eastern
Hemispheres

14. LOCATIONAL IMPORTANCE
Geophysical
Economic
Geopolitical

15. GEOPHYSICAL IMPORTANCE
 Location of the Himalayas (maintains favorable condition to
support enough rainfall & also supplies huge amount of
sediments through the GBM rivers)

16. GEOPHYSICAL IMPORTANCE

17. GEOPHYSICAL IMPORTANCE
 Global radiation (the tropic of Cancer passes through BD; the
country being located on the subtropical region receives very
satisfactory amount of sunshine, 2,800 hrs)
Sunshine
Variability

18. GEOPOLITICAL IMPORTANCE
Strategic location in the south Asia: Strategically
important to-
India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, USA, Australia & Japan
Can anyone explain WHY?
Maritime connection: Maritime connectivity has given
extra importance from the viewpoint of geopolitics.

19. GEOPOLITICAL
IMPORTANCE

20. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• Land fertility: the country being located in the Indo-
Gangetic plain offers high level of land fertility and thus high
productivity in agriculture
• Man-power: BD also offers very large scale man-power that
ultimately plays role in the national economy
• Maritime Connection: Due to the maritime connection, BD
receives enormous advantages in exports & imports of
goods

21. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

22. LOCATION & HAZARD

23. LOCATION &
DISASTER
• Cyclone
• Flood
• Earthquake
• Drought
• Riverbank Erosion
• Landslide
• Salinity

24. “CAUSES” OF DISASTER,
GENERATED BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Tectonic Movement & Tremor
Mountainous Surroundings
Monsoon Climate
Snow Melting
High Rainfall in the Catchment Area
Synchronization of Peak Flows
Low Floodplain Gradient
Tidal Effect
Floodplain Country
Old stage Rivers
Location in Confluence
Silting up of Riverbed
Bay of Bengal in South

25. TECTONIC LOCATION
• Tectonic Movement & Tremor

26. TECTONIC LOCATION

27. TECTONIC LOCATION

28. MOUNTAINOUS SURROUNDING
Generates-
• Flash Flood
• Tectonic Instability
• Landslide Probability
• Silting up of Riverbed

29. MONSOON CLIMATE
• Overheating
• Snow Melting
• High Rainfall in the
Catchment Area
• Synchronization of Peak
Flows

30. LOW GRADIENT
• Deep Inside Tidal
Effect
• Floodplain Country
• Old stage Rivers
• Location in
Confluence

31. MATURITY OF RIVER
• Low carrying
capacity

32. CONFLUENCE
• Discharge beyond capacity

33. BAY OF BENGAL