Role of nanotechnology in management of stored grain pests of cereals and pulses

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Role of nanotechnology in management of stored grain pests of cereals
and pulses
Presentation · June 2022
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Ravikumar Vaniya
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
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Welcome To
PG Seminar
Series
(Crop
Protection
Group)
2022-23

Role of nanotechnology in management of stored
grain pests of cereals and pulses
Course No.: ENT. 692
Speaker
Vaniya Ravikumar G.
Reg No: 1010120038
4th Sem., Ph. D (Agri.) Plant Pathology
Major Advisor
Dr. Lalit Mahatma
Associate Professor
Dept. of Plant Pathology
N. M. College of Agriculture,
NAU, Navsari.
Co - guide
Dr. P. D. Ghoghari
Associate Research Scientist
(Agril. Entomology)
Main Rice Research Centre,
NAU, Navsari.
1

Through the slides…
Different types of nanoparticles using in stored grain pest
management
Different stored grain pests
Application of nanotechnology in agriculture
Case studies
Conclusion
Introduction
Different approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles
Modes of action of nanoparticles against storage pests
2

A “pest of stored food grains” can be refer to any
organism that infests and damages stored food resulting in
qualitative and quantitative losses.
Grain crops that are most widely grown worldwide
include cereals (rice, wheat, maize, millets, etc.) (Ye & Fan,
2021); pulses (mung, beans, chickpea, cowpea, black gram,
green gram, etc.) (Liu et al., 2020); and oilseeds (soybean,
sunflower, linseed, groundnut, etc.) (Attia et al., 2021).
These crops form a crucial component of our diet as they
are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and
oils (Oso & Ashafa, 2021). Due to the presence of these
nutrient elements, the grains of these crops are prone to
infestation by insect pests during storage.
INTRODUCTION
3

The marketability of the food grains is hampered when
insect pests feed on grains and make them unfit for human
consumption, leading to huge monetary losses (Wang et al.,
2021).
Losses due to insect infestation under storage can go up
to 50 to 60% under extreme situations (Luo et al., 2020).
Insect pests of stored grains are of two types, namely,
primary and secondary pests (Banga et al., 2020).
Primary pests are those that damage sound or whole
grains, while secondary pests damage broken or already
damaged grains.
Primary pests are further categorized into internal and
external feeders based on the place of their attack (Deshwal et
al., 2020).
4

Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)
Lesser grain borer
(Rhizopertha dominica)
Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium)
Pulse Beetle
(Callosobruchus maculatus) 5

Groundnut Bruchid
(Caryedon serratus)
Sweet Potato Weevil
(Cylas formicarius)
Potato Tuber Moth
(Phthorimaea operculella)
Drug store Beetle
(Stegobium paniceum)
Cigarette Beetle
(Lasioderma serricorne)
Angoumois Moth
(Sitotroga cerealella) 6

Indian Meal Moth
(Plodia
interpunctella)
Rice Moth
(Corcyra
cephalonica)
Fig or Warehouse
Moth
(Ephestia elutella) 7

Saw Toothed Grain Beetle
(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)
Long Headed Flour Beetle
(Latheticus oryzae)
Flat Grain Beetle
(Cryptolestes minutus)
Red Rust Flour Beetle
(Tribolium castaneum)
8

Agriculture is the primary sector for human`s livelihood.
Agriculture changed its status from traditional to modern by
the introduction of various technologies to meet the food
requirement of the world`s continuously increasing population.
This time synthetic pesticides are the important input of
modern agriculture to manage the insect pests, diseases and
weeds. Indiscriminate and excessive use of these toxic
chemicals resulted in so many problems like; pest resistance,
outbreak, environmental pollution and human health hazards.
But recently evolved, nanotechnology uses the active
ingredients or formulations of at nanometer level; thus, low
amount is required which can be utilized effectively in pest
management.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
9

Using nanotechnology, we can transfer our desired
material to the plant or insect effectively in the form of several
formulations (nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanoparticles,
nanogel, nanocapsules and solid-based nanopesticides).
It provides selective, targeted and long term controlled
release of formulation of nanomaterials which is ecologically
more viable.
The major advantage is their small size which helps in
proper spreading on the pest surface, and thus, better action
than conventional pesticides is achieved.
Besides their minute size, these have no or reduced
harmful effects on non-target species. Nanopesticides can
therefore provide green and efficient alternatives for the
management of insect pests of field and storage.
10

1959: Richard Feynman, a renowned physicist
first seeded the concepts of nanotechnology in
his talk “There’s plenty of room at the
bottom” in which he described the possibility of
synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms.
Dr. Norio Taniguchi, a Japanese scientist
coined the term “Nanotechnology” in 1974, and
he defined nanotechnology as “The processing
of separation, consolidation, and deformation of
materials by one atom or one molecule.”
1986: K. Eric Drexler independently used the
term “nanotechnology” in his book “Engines of
creation. The coming era of Nanotechnology”.
He is the cofounder of The Foresight Institute, to
help increase understanding of nanotechnology
concepts and implications.
11

Fig: 01 Application of nanotechnology in agriculture
Controlled released nanofertilizers improve crop growth, yield and productivity. Nano-based target
delivery approach (gene transfer) is used for crop improvement. Nanopesticides can be used for
efficient crop protection. Uses of nanosensors and computerized controls greatly contribute to precision
farming. Nanomaterials can also be used to remote plant stress tolerance and soil enhancement.
Shang et al. (2019) 12

Fig: 02 Uses of nanoparticles in plant protection
Nanoparticles can be used for multiple plant protection purposes, such as pathogen detection
(nanodiagnostics), pest control (against microbial pathogens, fungi, bacteria and pests), weed
control, pesticide remediation and induced resistance.
13
Shang et al. (2019)

Fig: 03 Types of potential nanoparticles and nanoformulations suggested for
insect pest management under storage condition
Poonam Jasrotia et al. (2022) 14

Fig: 04 Different approaches and methods for synthesizing nanoparticles
Patra and Hyun Baek (2015) 15

UV- vis spectroscopy to follow up the reaction process
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy
for detecting types of chemical bonds in a
molecule and analyzing the characteristic
functional groups present in the synthesized
nanoparticles
X-ray diffraction (XRD),
Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), and Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM).
Information about particle size, crystal
structure, and surface morphology is obtained
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or
Scanning force microscopy (SFM)
used to image and manipulate atoms and
structures on a variety of surfaces
Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)
spectroscopy
used for the elemental analysis or chemical
characterization of nanoparticles
Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
analysis
used to determine the size distribution profile
of nanoparticles
Fig: 05 Characterization of nanoparticles
16

Fig: 06 Some modes of action of nanoparticles against storage insect pests
Poonam Jasrotia et al. (2022) 17

Badawy et al. (2021)
Cairo, Egypt.
01
18

Table 01: The efficacy of CuO-NPs synthesized using Aspergillus
niger against Sitophilus granarius pest
19

Table 02: The efficacy of CuO-NPs synthesized using Aspergillus
niger against Rhizopertha dominica pest
20

Rehman et al. (2021)
Faisalabad, Pakistan. 21
02
sativa

Table 03: Efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against
Sitophilus granarius and Oryzaephilus surinamensis at
different concentrations
22

Table 04: Repellent effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
against Sitophilus granarius and Oryzaephilus
surinamensis at different concentrations
23

03
Lakshmi et al. (2020) 24
Karnataka, India.

Fig: 07 Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on number of eggs in
greengram seeds 25
0
ppm 25
ppm
50
ppm 75
ppm
100
ppm 125
ppm
150
ppm 175
ppm 200
ppm

Fig: 08 Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on seed weight loss
26
0
ppm
25
ppm
50
ppm
75
ppm
100
ppm
125
ppm
150
ppm
175
ppm
200
ppm

Fig: 09 Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on seed damage
27
0
ppm
25
ppm
50
ppm
75
ppm 100
ppm
125
ppm 150
ppm
175
ppm 200
ppm

Fig: 10 Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on mortality of pulse
beetle in greengram seeds 28
0
ppm
25
ppm
50
ppm
100
ppm
75
ppm
125
ppm
150
ppm
175
ppm
200
ppm

Muhammad et al. (2020)
Faisalabad, Pakistan.
04
29

Table 05: Percent mortality (Mean) of Trogoderma granarium adults
treated with plant oils under store conditions
30

Table 06: Percent mortality (Mean) of Trogoderma granarium adults
treated with green synthesized silver nanoparticles under
store conditions
31

05
Wazid et al. (2020) 32
Karnataka, India.

Table 07: Effect of zinc, copper and silica green nanoparticles on
oviposition and population build up of pulse beetle in
chickpea seeds
33

seed quality of chickpea by pulse beetle
34

population buildup of rice weevil in sorghum seeds
35

seed damage and seed weight loss by rice weevil in
sorghum seeds
36

Abdelfattah and Zein (2019)
Giza, Egypt.
06
37

Table 11: Percent mortality (mean ± SE) of Trogoderma granarium
adults treated with Aerosil 200 nanoparticles
38

Table 12: Percent mortality (mean ± SE) of Stegobium paniceum
39

Table 13: Percent mortality (mean ± SE) of Trogoderma casteneum
40

Adak et al. (2019)
Cuttack, India.
07
41

Fig: 11 Bioefficacy evaluation of normal eucalyptus oil (EO) and
nanoemulsions of EO against Sitophilus oryzae 42

Fig: 12 Bioefficacy evaluation of normal eucalyptus oil (EO) and
nanoemulsions of EO against Tribolium castaneum 43

Diagne et al. (2019)
France.
08
44

Table 14: Mortality (%±SE) of Caryedon serratus adults, exposed on
groundnut seed treated with silica nanoparticles
45

Table 15: Fecundity (±SE) of Caryedon serratus adults, exposed on
groundnut seed treated with silica nanoparticles
46

09
Yerragopu et al. (2019)
Karnataka, India. 47

Table 16: Effect of Ag NPs (silver nanoparticles) on Callosobruchus
chinensis in soybean
48

10
Patil et al. (2018)

Table 17: Efficacy of silica nanoparticles on Sitophilus oryzae
50

11
Wazid et al. (2018)

Table 18: Effect of zinc oxide green nanoparticles on pulse beetle in
chick pea seeds
52

Table 19: Effect of zinc oxide green nanoparticle on pulse beetle in
chick pea seeds
53

Vaseeharan et al. (2017)
Tamilnadu, India.
12
54

Fig: 13 Effect of Bt-ZnO NPs on the fecundity of Callosobruchus
maculatus 55

Fig: 14 Effect of Bt-ZnO NPs on the hatchability of Callosobruchus
maculatus 56

Fig: 15 Effect of Bt-ZnO NPs on the larval development period of
Callosobruchus maculatus 57

Fig: 16 Effect of Bt-ZnO NPs on the pupal development period of

Fig: 17 Effect of Bt-ZnO NPs on the total development period of

Fig: 18 Mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus treated with different
concentrations of Bt-ZnO NPs in comparison with Bt extract
and uncoated ZnO NPs 60

Fig: 20 LC50 concentrations of Callosobruchus maculatus treated
with different concentrations of Bt-ZnO NPs in comparison
with Bt extract and uncoated ZnO NPs 61

13
Salem et al. (2015)
Egypt. 62

Table 20: Effect of malathion on mortality, emergency, reduction
percentage and weight loss percentages of Tribolium
castaneum adults
63

Table 21: Percent mortality (Mean ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum
adults treated with Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles
under store conditions
64

Table 22: Percent mortality (Mean ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum
adults treated with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles under
store conditions
65

• Applications of nanotechnology have a promising future in agricultural
science, and they can be a great source of innovation to improve yields
and significantly contribute to precision agriculture farming practices.
• Nanotechnology can provide solutions for agricultural applications and
has the potential to revolutionize the existing technologies used in
insect/pest management.
• The development of effective nanopesticides will provide many
solution to the agriculture industry especially solubility of active
compound, controlled release formulations, and targeted delivery of
active compound.
• Nanopesticides have the ability to control the pest menace in stored
food commodities and subsequently enhance the food security to
growing populations.
• This presentation concludes that nanopesticides will revolutionize
agriculture in the future and offers many advantages to the farmers to
prevent losses.
CONCLUSION
66

• Nanotechnology have a great potential to alter future
production in agriculture by enabling sustainable crop
management.
• It offers much easier techniques of detecting threat of the
pests and bio-remediating the environment.
• It can improve the productivity of agriculture by using
nanoparticles as nanopesticides or by covering current
pesticides with nanomaterials for smart delivery to plants.
• It requires extensive research work to define the optimized
conditions for each crop with each nanoparticle and every
pesticide.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
67

Role of nanotechnology in management of stored grain pests of cereals and pulses

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