The document introduces computers, explaining that they are electronic devices manipulating data through hardware and software. It discusses the roles of computers in biotechnology, multimedia, graphics, and various software types, highlighting their importance in problem-solving and creating engaging presentations. Additionally, it defines system and application software, detailing the functions of operating systems in managing computer resources.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO
COMPUTER
BY HASNAT TARIQ

2. What is a computer?
• A computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve,
and process data.

3. Parts of Computer
• Computer has two main elements:
1. Hardware
2. Software

4. Hardware
Hardware is any part of
your computer that has
a physical structure, such
as Circuits, computer chips,
graphic cards, sound cards,
memory (RAM),
motherboard, displays,
power supplies, cables,
keyboards, printers and
"mice" input devices are all
hardware.

5. Software
Software is any set of
instructions that tells the
hardware what to
do and how to do it.
Examples of software
include web browsers,
games, and word
processors.

6. Role of Computer in Biotechnology
1. For comparison of a specific sequence with those of other sequences of
the data base (already existing).
2. Computers are known for their enormous problem solving power. A new
DNA sequence is compared with any such similar or nearly similar sequence
of the data base.
3. The data stored in a data base can be shared by many scientists working
in different parts of the world through a computer network.

7. Role of Computer in Multimedia
Computers can combine sounds, graphics, animation and audio to come up
with an attractive and more enticing multimedia.
There several multimedia computer softwares available in the market
that offer a wide variety of features to create a multimedia
presentation.
Two examples are the ms office power point program and ms movie
maker that enable the production of audio-visual multimedia
presentation with various added features engaging for audiences to
watch. To produce a high quality multimedia using a computer, a
computer unit requires a powerful microprocessor, large memory and
high storage capabilities.

8. Graphics
Graphics are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen,
paper, or stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage it includes:
pictorial representation of data, as in computer-aided design and manufacture, in
typesetting and the graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software. Images
that are generated by a computer are called computer graphics.
Examples are photographs, drawings, line art, graphs, diagrams, typography, symbols,
geometric designs, maps, or other images.

9. Uses of Graphic
• BUSINESS
• ADVERTISING
• POLITICAL
• EDUCATION
• FILM AND ANIMATION

10. Types of
Graphics
There are a number of
different types of graphics file
formats. Each type stores
graphics data in a different
way. Bitmap, vector, and
metafile formats are by far
the most commonly used
formats. However, there are
other types of formats as
well--scene, animation,
multimedia, hybrid,
hypertext, hypermedia, 3D,
virtual modeling reality
language (VRML), audio, font,
and page description
language (PDL).

11. System Softwares
Systems software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing
the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management
utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS). The operating system
manages the computer hardware resources in addition to applications and
data. Without systems software installed in our computers we would have
to type the instructions for everything we wanted the computer to do!
Examples of system software are windows, linux, mac, unix and bsd etc.

12. Applications Software
Application software, or simply applications, are often called productivity
programs or end-user programs because they enable the user to complete tasks,
such as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases and publications, doing
online research, sending email, designing graphics, running businesses, and even
playing games! Application software is specific to the task it is designed for and
can be as simple as a calculator application or as complex as a word processing
application.
Example of application softwares are word processing, browser, web server, 3d
modeler, audio synthesis, simulation , antivirus software etc

13. Operating
System
An operating system (OS) is system
software that manages computer
hardware and software resources and
provides
common services for computer
programs. All computer programs,
excluding firmware, require an
operating system to function.

14. Functions of Operating System
1. BOOTING
2. MEMORY MANAGEMENT
3. LOADING AND EXECUTION
4. DATA SECURITY
5. DISK MANAGEMENT
6. PROCESS MANAGEMENT
7. DEVICE CONTROLLING
8. PRINTING CONTROLLING
9. PROVIDING INTERFACE

16. THANKS…………………….