This document provides an introduction to computers by defining key computer concepts and components. It explains that a computer accepts input, processes data using a central processing unit and memory, stores data, and produces output. Computer hardware includes input, processing, output, and storage devices. Software is divided into system software, like operating systems and utilities, and application software for tasks like word processing. Popular operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The document outlines the basic functions of a computer system and its hardware and software components.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTERS
The students will be able to :
1) define the computer
2) define the computer hardware
3) label or name the computer hardware
4) identify 4 main functions of computer hardware
5) classify the computer hardware according to their
functions
6) define the computer software
7) identify 2 types of software and their functions
8) define the Operating System
9) identify 2 categories of Operating System
10) list the Operating System according to the categories
11) explain how the computer works

2. 1) What is a computer ?
 A computer is a device that able to interprate
instruction in the form of digital data and
 manipulates it for some result based on a
program or sequence of instruction on how
data is to be processed.
 Shortly computer is a device that accepts
input, processes data, store data and
produce
 output. For more details, explore CD
“Introduction to Computer “.
 Computer System consists of :
◦ a) Computer Hardware
◦ b) Computer Software.

3. 1.1) Computer Hardware
 Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications
and other information technology devices.

4. 4 Types of Hardware Device
PROCESSI
NG
MEMOR
Y
Mous
STORAG
e E Printer
Floppy Disk Hard Disk

5.  1) Input Devices
◦ The computer accepts input. Using an input device to input such as
letters, numbers, instructions and etc
◦ Example of input devices : Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner,
Touch pad, Touch Screen
 2)Processing Devices
◦ The computer processes data by using Central Processing Unit
(CPU).In microcomputer, the CPU is a single integrated and circuit
called a microprocessor.
◦ The microprocessor retrieves the inputs, and then process it’s by
following the instructions. The result will temporarily held in memory.
From memory the result can be output or stored.
◦ Example of microprocessor :
 3) Output Devices
◦ The computer produces output. Using output devices, the computer
produces the result of processing.
◦ Example of output devices: Printer, Monitor
 4) Storage Devices
◦ The computer stores data. When data is not needed for immediate
processing, it is stored on disk or tape.
◦ Example of storage devices: floppy disk, compact disk, hard disk,
magnetic tape

6. 1.2) Computer Software
 Software is general term for the
various kinds of programs used to
operate computers and related
devices.
 2 Types of Computer Software :
◦ System Software
◦ Application Software

7. 1.2.1) System Software
 System software is the category software containing
programs that perform tasks essential to the efficient
functioning of computer hardware.
 System software includes the programs that direct the
fundamental operations of a computer, such as
displaying information on the screen, storing data on
disks, sending data to the printer, interpreting
commands typed by users, and communicating with
peripheral devices.
 There 2 subcategories of System Software:
◦ Operating System
 An Operating system is the software that control the computer’s
use of its hardware resources such as memory and disk storage
space
◦ Utilities
 Utilities are designed to augment the operating system by
providing a way for a computer user to control the allocation and
use of hardware resources

8.  Categories of Operating System :
◦ Standalone
 Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7
 Ubuntu (Linux)
 Mac OS
◦ Networking
 Windows Server 2003, 2008.
 Fedora Linux
 Unix
 Utilities
◦ Some utilities are included with the operating
system, device drivers, they perform tasks such
as preparing disk to hold data, providing
information about the files on disk, and copying
data from one disks to another.
◦ Example:
 Winzip, WinRAR (compressing file)
 AVG, AVIRA, AVAST, F-SECURE, KASPERSKY –
Antivirus
 K-Lite Codec Pack – Media codec for PC

9. 1.2.2) Application Software
 The computer is a multipurpose
machine. It is application software that
enables the computer to become a
multipurpose machine and to perform
many different tasks.
 Application software helps you
produce document, perform
calculations, manage financial
resources, create graphics, compose
music, play games, maintain files on
information, and so on.

10. Types of Computer
Application
Types Tasks Software
Word Processing Produce documents : Microsoft Word, Word
letters, reports etc Perfect, OpenOffice
Spreadsheet Perform analyze data, Microsoft Excel, Lotus
graphical. 1-2-3
Database Store data, organize Microsoft Access,
information Dbase, FileMaker Pro
Presentation Provide tools to make Microsoft Powerpoint,
presentation slides
Web development Design and customize Adobe Dreamweaver
web page
Photo Editing Edit, add effect to Adobe Photoshop,
photos GIMP
Programming To make an Visual Basic, PHP,
application JAVA
E-learning Provide self learning Authorware,
software Courselab

11. How The Computer Works
The Computer
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
STORAGE
Network
INTERNE
T

12. LATEST TECHNOLOGY
 Processor : Intel I3,I5 & I7
 Netbook – Internet Enabled Notebook
 OS : Microsoft Windows 7
 Tablet PC : Apple iPad, Fujitsu Tablet
PC