QM-004-8D問題解決的指引

8D 問題解決的指引 Instruction of 8 Disciplines Problem Solving

8D 問題解決的指引小組組成問題說明根本原因臨時措施長遠糾正措施審核數據以確保糾正措施的效用採取預防措施以防止問題再發生嘉許小組

糾正及預防措施的程序指引 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

解决问题 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

没有看到问题 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

未能勇敢地面对问题 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

与问题共处 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

匆促行动 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

害怕作出决策 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D1: 工作小組 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

了解到問題的來源 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: Define the problem in the customer terms: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 以客戶的述語定義問題 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 5 W 2H ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 5W 2H ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 5W 2H ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 5W 2H ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 發生率 - 累計失效數 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],X 100% ( 加工數量 – 不良數量 ) 良品率 =

問題報告件數 Number of Problem Reports (NPR) (C) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

目視管理增加透明度 run UCL LCL

D2 產品失效問題 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2 產品失效問題 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 潛在影響 / 不良影響 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D2: 潛在影響 / 不良影響 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D3- Interim action 臨時措施 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D4- Identify the root causes 介定根本原因 ,[object Object],[object Object]

D4- Identify the root causes 介定根本原因 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

采购流程监控供应商监控采购单交付状况发出采购单进行询价工作确认供应商提出要求要求发出采购部需要采购物料选择供应商任何员工采购员 1 2 3 4 5 采购经理采购员采购员采购员采购单

鱼骨图 / 因果图 F ish bone Diagram / Casue Effect Diagram

功能分析 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

故障树分析 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) 房间变暗符号 : 与门 AND GATE 或门 OR GATE

圖表 A.6 故障樹示例 : “ 壓力容器爆炸” X = 事件 D = 相關性 X1 X2 X3 和 D3 >1 D4 >1 D1 >1 D2 和 D5

五个为什麽方法 The Five Why Method

5 次為甚麼 ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

考慮零件如何會失效 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

潜在失效原因 / 机制 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

潜在失效原因 / 机制 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

创造性思考 ,[object Object],[object Object]

创造性思考 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D4- Identify the root causes 介定根本原因 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D5: 落實長遠糾正措施 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

過程措施目的在于依次減少嚴重程度、發生頻度與檢測水平等級。應考慮下列類型的措施：要減少考慮的措施完成嚴重程度改變設計 ( 例：几何材料 ) 消除失效模式發生頻度改變設計或過程防止原因，或減少其發生率檢測水平增加或改進控制措施 / 方法 ( 例如：增加上游控制措施以免除下游檢測，進行更好的測試，對計划的測試增加設備 ) 改善在失效模式發生前檢測失效模式或檢測原因的能力

评估可择方案 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

制约条件 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

制约条件 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

利弊法 ,[object Object],[object Object]

利弊法 - 以计算机系统为例： ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

可能性程度 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

改善之道 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

决定做什么方案 ,[object Object],[object Object]

作出一个符合逻辑的决策 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

直觉决策法 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

测试 - ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D5: 逻辑的决策 - 改善之道 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

执行计划 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

执行计划 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D6: Verification 核實 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D7- 以防止問題再發生 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D7- 以防止問題再發生防錯法工具 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

以防止問題再發生 ,[object Object],[object Object]

“ 標準化―執行―查核―處置 ” ,[object Object],[object Object]

D8: 嘉許小組 ,[object Object],[object Object]

D8: 嘉許小組 ,[object Object]

QM-004-8D問題解決的指引

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QM-004-8D問題解決的指引