The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes how the periodic table is organized into horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called families or groups. Elements within the same group have similar physical and chemical properties. Metals are found on the left and center of the periodic table and have properties like conductivity and malleability. Non-metals are on the right and have varying properties, often gaining electrons in reactions. Metalloids between metals and non-metals have intermediate properties. Different families like alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases are also described in terms of their physical properties and reactivity.

1. The Periodic Table
of Elements

2. The Periodic Table
• The horizontal rows of the periodic
table are called periods
• The vertical columns are called
families (or groups)
• Elements in the same family have
similar physical and chemical
properties

3. Periodic Table

4. Metals
• Metals are on the left and in the centre of the
periodic table
• Metals have the following physical properties:
• conduct heat and electricity
• ductile and malleable
• shiny
• solid at room temperature (except mercury)

5. Metals
• Metals have the following chemical properties:
• can easily corrode/oxidize
• react with acid to release hydrogen gas

6. Metals

7. Non-Metals
• Non-metals are on the right side of the
periodic table
• Non-metals have the following physical
properties:
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
• usually solid or gas at room temperature
(only Bromine is a liquid at room temperature)

8. Non-Metals
• Non-metals have a wide range of chemical
properties and reactivities
• have a tendency to gain electrons in a
chemical reaction

9. Non-Metals

10. Metalloids
• Metals are separated from non-metals by a
staircase of elements called metalloids
• Metalloids are elements with properties
intermediate between metals and
non-metals
silicon tellurium

11. Metalloids
silicon tellurium
Physical properties:
• solid at room temperature
• can be shiny or dull
• brittle (not ductile)
• may conduct electricity, poor conductor of heat
Chemical properties:
• vary

12. Metalloids

13. Chemical Families
Chemical Family = Groups of elements that have similar
physical and chemical properties

14. Chemical Families
Alkali Metals (Group 1)
Reactivity:
• reacts easily with water and air
• reacts easily with halogens
Physical Properties:
• Shiny, silvery
• Only found in nature as compounds
• Compounds are white solids soluble
in water

15. Chemical Families
Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)
Reactivity:
• less reactive than group 1 metals
Physical Properties:
• shiny, silvery
• forms compounds that are often
insoluble in water

16. Chemical Families
Halogens (Group 17)
Reactivity:
• reacts easily with alkali metals
Physical Properties:
• poisonous
• exists naturally as compounds

17. Chemical Families
Noble Gases (Group 18)
Reactivity:
• inert, stable, unreactive
• can be excited by electricity to produce
colours, but are chemically unchanged
Physical Properties
• colourless, odourless
• gases at room temperature
• does not form compounds

19. Chemical Families
• All atoms of elements in the same group
have the same number of valence electrons
• For example, all elements in group 1
have one valence electron

20. Elements will react so that they have the
same number of electrons as an atom of the
closest noble gas.
Noble Gases

21. For example, neon is the closest noble
gas in the periodic table to sodium,
magnesium and aluminum
Noble Gases

22. reactivityincreases
Periodic Table

23. reactivityincreases
Periodic Table

24. https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/periodic-table-feroc
Videos and H/W
For h/w try page 29, 30
Please read pages 211-214, 220-223