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What is the Periodic Table of
Elements?
• Elements are substances that cannot be
broken down any further by chemical
means. There are over 100!
• The Periodic Table is the arrangement of
these elements by increasing atomic
number and similar properties.
Grouped Elements Have
Similarities
• Elements in the same group have similar
properties. Remember, groups are columns.
• Chemical Property - a property used to
characterize materials in reactions that change
their identity. Ex: burning something.
• Physical Property - a characteristic of a substance
that can be observed without changing the
substance into something else. Ex: measuring
something’s length, color, mass or volume.
Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
• The major categories of elements are the
metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
• Metals are lustrous, malleable, and are good
conductors of heat and electricity.
• Non-metals are elements that do not share
the properties of metals.
• Metalloids are elements that share some,
but not all the properties of metals.
Metals - Lustrous, Malleable, and
Good Conductors?
These are physical properties of metals
• Lustrous means shiny or reflective of light.
– Coins and jewelry are shiny and reflective .
• Malleable means capable of being shaped.
– Aluminum foil is shaped or molded around food items to
keep them fresh.
• Being a Good Conductor means being able to
allow electricity and heat to flow through.
− When you think about the wires we use for
electrical devices, they are mostly made of
copper and other metals.
Alkali Metals
• Elements in Group 1 (not including
Hydrogen).
• Very reactive metals. Always combine
with something else in nature.
• Salt – an Alkali Metal,
Sodium, and another
element, Chlorine,
combined.
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Elements in Group 2.
• Reactive Metals that are
always combined with
non-metals in nature.
• Several of these
elements are important
mineral nutrients, like
Calcium.
Transition Metals
• Elements in Groups 3-12.
• Less reactive, harder metals.
• Includes metals used in jewelry, money and
construction.
Boron Family
• Elements in Group 13.
• Boron has properties of both metals
and non-metals.
• The rest of the elements in this
group are metals.
Carbon Family
• Elements in Group 14.
• Contains elements important to life and
computers.
• Carbon is the basic element in all organic
compounds.
• Silicon and
Germanium are
important
semiconductors.
Nitrogen Family
• Elements in Group 15.
• Nitrogen makes up more than ¾ of
our atmosphere.
• The red tip of matches is made of
phosphorous.
Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
• Elements in Group 16.
• Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
• Many things that have a bad odor
contain sulfur.
Halogens
• Elements in Group 17.
• Very reactive, diatomic non-metals.
• Always found combined with other
elements in nature.
• Chlorine is used to keep bacteria out of
swimming pools.
Noble Gases
• Elements in Group 18.
• VERY reactive gases.
• Used in lighted neon signs.
• Helium is used to make party balloons float.

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Learning_The_Periodic_Table.pptx.easylearning

  • 1. What is the Periodic Table of Elements? • Elements are substances that cannot be broken down any further by chemical means. There are over 100! • The Periodic Table is the arrangement of these elements by increasing atomic number and similar properties.
  • 2.
  • 3. Grouped Elements Have Similarities • Elements in the same group have similar properties. Remember, groups are columns. • Chemical Property - a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity. Ex: burning something. • Physical Property - a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else. Ex: measuring something’s length, color, mass or volume.
  • 4. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids • The major categories of elements are the metals, non-metals, and metalloids. • Metals are lustrous, malleable, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. • Non-metals are elements that do not share the properties of metals. • Metalloids are elements that share some, but not all the properties of metals.
  • 5. Metals - Lustrous, Malleable, and Good Conductors? These are physical properties of metals • Lustrous means shiny or reflective of light. – Coins and jewelry are shiny and reflective . • Malleable means capable of being shaped. – Aluminum foil is shaped or molded around food items to keep them fresh. • Being a Good Conductor means being able to allow electricity and heat to flow through. − When you think about the wires we use for electrical devices, they are mostly made of copper and other metals.
  • 6. Alkali Metals • Elements in Group 1 (not including Hydrogen). • Very reactive metals. Always combine with something else in nature. • Salt – an Alkali Metal, Sodium, and another element, Chlorine, combined.
  • 7. Alkaline Earth Metals • Elements in Group 2. • Reactive Metals that are always combined with non-metals in nature. • Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients, like Calcium.
  • 8. Transition Metals • Elements in Groups 3-12. • Less reactive, harder metals. • Includes metals used in jewelry, money and construction.
  • 9. Boron Family • Elements in Group 13. • Boron has properties of both metals and non-metals. • The rest of the elements in this group are metals.
  • 10. Carbon Family • Elements in Group 14. • Contains elements important to life and computers. • Carbon is the basic element in all organic compounds. • Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
  • 11. Nitrogen Family • Elements in Group 15. • Nitrogen makes up more than ¾ of our atmosphere. • The red tip of matches is made of phosphorous.
  • 12. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens • Elements in Group 16. • Oxygen is necessary for respiration. • Many things that have a bad odor contain sulfur.
  • 13. Halogens • Elements in Group 17. • Very reactive, diatomic non-metals. • Always found combined with other elements in nature. • Chlorine is used to keep bacteria out of swimming pools.
  • 14. Noble Gases • Elements in Group 18. • VERY reactive gases. • Used in lighted neon signs. • Helium is used to make party balloons float.