The document outlines the evolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) from ancient times to the present, detailing key developments in various periods: pre-mechanical (3000 BCE - 1450 CE), mechanical (1450 - 1840), electromechanical (1840 - 1940), and electronic (1940 to present). It covers significant inventions such as the abacus, telegraph, telephone, and the rise of computers, emphasizing the transition from manual to automated and electronic systems. The module also aims to equip learners with skills in online platforms, safety, and research related to ICT.

1. PREPARED BY: EILLEN IVY A. ALLADO-PORTUGUEZ
Teacher III
Siari John H. Roemer Memorial National High School

2. MODULE 1: Information and Communication Technology Today
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied online platforms, sites, and
content to best achieve specific class objectives or address
situational challenges.
2. State the events that led to the current technologies, processes, and
techniques used in ICT.
3. Apply online safety, security, ethics etiquette standards and practices in the
use of ICT as it would related to a specific professional tract.
4. Use the Internet as a tool for credible research and information gathering
to best achieve specific class objectives or address situational
challenges.
5. Use ICT in the context of global communication for a specific professional
track.

3. Information and Communication Technology.
Refers to the technologies, both hardware and software,
that enable humans to communicate with one another
COMMON MISCONCEPTION THAT ICT IS INTERNET
ALONE. Basically, it is any form of technology that
enables you to communicate.
What is ICT?

6. Pre Mechanical Period
• 3000 BCE to 1450CE
• Humans started communicating with one another
using words and pictograms carved in rocks.
Sumerian Pictogram dating back
3100 BCE shows the earliest form
of communications among humans.

7. • They started to write symbols as substitutes for
pictures to depict ideas, objects, and animals.
These give rise the modern day alphabet.

8. • Paper was finally produced from papyrus plant,
storing information was revolutionized.

9. • Libraries were
considered the first
data centers in
history.

10. • Humans started to optimize and invent devices and
techniques in counting. The most popular device
created in this period is said to have come from
China – the Abacus.
• Abacus is manually
operated device similar
to the modern
calculator.
• Considered as the first
device that process
information.

11. The Mechanical Period
• This period served as the bridged between our
current period and the premechanical period.
• Started around 1450-1840.
• During this time, the interest in automating and
speeding up numerical calculations grew.
• This period concentrated in the development of
machines that will enhance calculation speed.
• The highlight of this period is the advent of the
Mechanical Calculator called Pascaline.

12. • Pascaline was
invented by
Blaise Pascal.

13. CHARLES BABBAGE
“Father of Computer”
ANALYTICAL ENGINE
considered as the first Programmable Computer

14. ELECTROMECHANICAL PERIOD
• New age of communication and information.
• Started around 1840-1940.
• The use of electricity for information handling and transfer
bloomed.
• This period saw the use of the telegraph to transmit information
over long distances.
• The information is coded in sounds of dots, spaces, and dashes
over wired or wireless media.
• The telephone was later invented, enabling voice transmission
over long distances.
• Humans started to control electricity using vacuum tubes in
devices that eventually led to the development of today’s
electronic gadget.

15. TELEGRAPH
-considered as the first electrical communication device
-- the first device to use electricity to transmit information over an electrical media

16. WILLIAM COOKE SIR CHARLES WHEATSTONE
they first invented the telegraph in 1837, the first working model used five magnetic
needles that could pointed around sets of letters and numbers by
using electric current.

17. SAMUEL MORSE
• An American inventor who
successfully introduced the
first single-circuit telegraph
which give rise to the Morse
Code.

18. • Humans were not satisfied with simply transmitting
symbols or letter over long distances, they became
fascinated with the idea of voice transmission.
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
Invented the telephone in 1876

19. ELECTRONIC PERIOD
• The last period in ICT history.
• Started from 1940 to present.
• The highlight of this period is focused on the advent
of solid state devices or electronic devices.
• The four main events found in this period are late
vacuum tubes period, the transistor period, the
integrated circuit period, and the computer
processors period.

20. • The latter period of vacuum tube machines is the start of
the electronic period.
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer – the first electronic and general purpose computer.
ENIAC was a big machine that occupied an area of 167 square meters.

21. It is an electronic device with properties and functions similar to
vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and faster. The transistor is
the foundation of every electronic device today. In fact, you can
find a transistor for every electronic device.

22. Transistor was faster than the vacuum tubes.

23. -Integrated Circuit (IC) is a device that is composed of a group
of transistors and circuit elements compressed in a single
package.
- Faster operating speed
JACK KILBY

24. OLIVETTI PROGRAMMA 101
Designed in Italy by Giorgio Perotto and his team, became the first
commercial personal computer sold in 1965.

25. IBM5150
set the standards for several PC Platforms today, was introduced in August
1981 and was developed by the IBM Entry Systems Division Team lead by
DON ESTRIDGE

26. For decades, scientists and engineers
developed methods of connectivity for
sharing processed information stored in
computers and processing devices. The
result of this is the interconnection of
computer devices and equipment we
enjoy today. This network is commonly
known as the Internet or the www or
World Wide Web

28. What Have I Learned
So Far?
From the previous discussion, list all the technologies
developed from the past years, Group these
technologies according to the following:
> Hardware/Software
> Influence in ICT
> Generated by electricity