Evolution of ICT

3. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
(ICT)
Collectively refers to the technologies,
both hardware and software, that enable
humans to communicate with one another.
It is a common misconception that ICT is
Internet or computer alone, Basically, it is
any form of technology that enables you to
communicate.

4. EVOLUTION OF ICT
There are four main periods
in history that divide the era of ICT.
Pre
mechanical
Mechanical
Electro
mechanical
Electronic

5. The Pre mechanical Period
The pre mechanical period
can be traced back thousands
of years ago, around 3000 BCE
to 1450 CE. During this time,
humans started communicating
with one another using words
and pictograms curved in rocks.

6. The Pre mechanical Period

7. The Pre mechanical Period
Then they started to write
symbols as substitutes for pictures
to depict ideas.
When paper was finally
produced from papyrus plant,
storing of information was
revolutionized.

8. The Pre mechanical Period
PAPYRUS PLANT

9. The Pre mechanical Period
Humans continued to write information
that can be organized in some manner and
kept as a permanent record. They compiled
these records written on pieces of paper and
bound them together, eventually giving birth
to books.
As these books grew in number, they
needed to compiled and stored in areas,
libraries were created. Libraries were
considered the first data centers in history

10. Consider the most popular device created in this
period is said to have come from China.
ABACU
S

11. The abacus is manually
operated device similar to
the modern calculator. This
was considered as the first
device to process
information.

12. The Mechanical Period
This period served as the bridge
between our current period and the
premechanical period. This period
started around 1450 – 1840. During this
time, the interest in automating and
speeding up numerical calculations
grew. The machines driven by
mechanical means such as steam and
gears dominated information
processing and calculation.

13. Pascaline
In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented an adding device called
Pascaline. This device adopted partly the principles of
abacus.
However, instead of the beads, wheels were used to
move its counters. This device was used for addition
and subtraction.
Blaise Pascal

14. Leibniz’s machine
In 1673, Gottfried
Leibniz made some
improvements on
Pascal’s machine and
built a device that could
add, subtract, multiply
and divide numbers.
Gottfried Leibniz

15. Analytical engine
In the early 1837s,
Analytical Engine,
considered to be the
first programmable
mechanical computer
Charles Babbage
“Father of the Computers”

16. Analytical engine
In the early 1837s,
Analytical Engine,
contained features such as
arithmetic logic unit,
control flow and integrated
memory. These features
would then become part of
the blueprint in the
creation of succeeding
computers, especially
during the first half of the
20th century.

17. The Electromechanical Period
This period started around 1840
- 1940. in this period, the use of
electricity for information handling
and transfer bloomed. The need
and the urgency to share
information with one another in a
faster yet reliable manner over long
distances aroused.

18. The Electromechanical Period
This period saw the use of the
telegraph to transmit information
over long distances. The
information is coded in sounds of
dots, spaces and dashes over
wired. (eventually wireless)media.

19. The Electromechanical Period

20. The Electromechanical Period
The telegraph is considered
the first electrical communication
device. It was the first device to
use electricity to transmit
information over electrical media.

21. The Electromechanical Period
first invented in 1837 by
William Cooke and Sir Charles
Wheatstone, the first working
model used five magnetic needles
that could be pointed around sets
of letters and numbers by using
electric current.

22. The Electromechanical Period
Telephone

23. The Electromechanical Period
In 1876,
Alexander
Graham Bell
was granted
the patent for
the telephone.

24. The Electromechanical Period
The Telephone converts
sounds into electricity and
enables the telephone network to
transmit it over copper wires.

25. The Electronic Period
The last period in ICT history
is electronic period. It started in
1940’s and continues to the
present.

26. The Electronic Period
The four main event found in
this period are the late vacuum
tubes period, the transistor
period, the integrated circuits
period and the computer
processors period.

27. The Electronic Period
The latter period of vacuum
tube machines is the part of the
electronic period. The dawn of
ENIAC.

28. The Electronic Period
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.

29. The Electronic Period
(ENIAC), the first electronic
and general purpose computer,
marked a revolutionary period in
computing. ENIAC was a big
machine that occupied an area of
167 square meters. Aside from its
big size, its processing speed was
slower than those of machines
used today

30. The Electronic Period
In 1947, the transistor was
invented. It is an electronic device
with properties and functions
similar to vacuum tubes, but it is
lightweight and faster.
The transistor is the
foundation of every electronic
device today.

31. The Electronic Period
The transistor (left) may be one third of the
total size of the vacuum tube (right) but it transmits
information more efficiently.

32. The Electronic Period

33. The Electronic Period
An American electrical engineer
named Jack Kilby was credited for
introducing the integrated circuit (IC) in
1958.
The integrated circuit (IC) is a
device that is composed of a group of
transistors and circuit element
compressed in a single package.

34. The Electronic Period
The IC revolutionized the use of
computers and electronic devices
because circuits are integrated in a chip
or a single package, limiting the
distances between components,
resulting in a faster operating speed.
Because of this, a number of smaller
devices intended for information
processing and communication were
developed.

35. The Electronic Period
Integrated Circuit

36. The Electronic Period
The advent and development of
integrated circuits ushered in the period
of powerful processors.
ICs are used in processing devices,
and processors are constructed in IC.
Personal computers then
used these processors to deliver
user applications.

37. The Electronic Period
Processor / CPU

38. The Electronic Period
Latest processor

39. Additional Knowledge !
MOUSE

40. Additional Knowledge !
DOUGLAS ENGELBART

41. Additional Knowledge !
Manually Operated
Utility used for Selecting
Equipment