The document discusses a presentation on a universal testing machine. It describes how the machine is used to apply tensile, compressive, and shear forces to test materials and measure their properties. It explains that the machine uses load cells, crossheads, and columns to grip specimens and apply and measure forces. The document outlines the working principle of the machine and procedures for tensile and compression tests.

1. Presentation On
Universal Testing
Machine

2. M Waqas Mushtaq MME-12-11
Muhammad Zubair MME-12-29
M. Faisal Maqsood MME-12-20
Muhammad Ahmad MME-12-14
Gulfam Hussain MME-12-30
Arif Ali MME-12-01
Group No 1

3. Mechanics Of materials:
Mechanics of materials is a branch of mechanics that
develops relationships between the external loads
applied to a deformable body and the intensity of
internal forces acting within the body as well as the
deformations of the body.
Stress
Strain
Introduction

4. Stress Strain Diagram
Proportional limit
Elastic limit
Yield Point
Yield Strength
Necking point
Rupture Point

5. Necking & Rupture

6. Universal Testing Machine
The results from the test are
commonly used to select a material
for an application, for quality control,
and to predict how a material will
react under other types of forces.
Properties that are directly measured
via a tensile test are ultimate tensile
strength, maximum elongation and
reduction in area. From these
measurements the following
properties can also be determined:
Young's modulus, yield strength, and
strain-hardening characteristics.

7. Tensile Test
Compressive Test
Tortion Test
Shear
Bending
Test Function

8. COMPONENTS
Load cell
Cross head
Output device
Test fixtures
(jaws)
Extensometer
Columns

9. TYPES
Mechanical
The electromechanical machine uses an
electric motor, gear reduction system
and one, two or four screws to move the
crosshead up or down
. A range of crosshead speeds can be
achieved by changing the speed of the
motor.
A microprocessor based closed-loop
servo system can be Implemented to
accurately control the speed of the
crosshead.
Hydraulic
A hydraulic testing machine uses either a
single- or dual-acting piston to move the
crosshead up or down.
In a manually operated machine, the
operator adjusts a needle valve to control
the rate of loading. In a closed-loop
hydraulic servo system, the needle valve is
replaced by an electrically operated servo-
valve for precise control.
In general, the electromechanical machine
is capable of a wide range of test speeds
and long crosshead displacements, whereas
the hydraulic machine is a cost-effective
solution for generating high forces.

10. TYPES
Digitally operated
Universal Testing Machine
Computer operated
Universal Testing Machine
Single Column Universal
Testing Machines
Double / Dual Column
Universal Testing
Machines
Four Column Universal
Testing Machines

11. It works on the principle of elongation and
deformation.
In UTM Tensile, Compressive and Shear Forces are
acting.
Working Principle

12. Working Procedure
Compression Test
In compression test the
specimen is gripped in
machine jaws and load is
applied through a screw
gear mechanism by a
movable crosshead jaw
when we apply load our
specimen is compressed
under load and its
compressive strength
shows on screen by graph.

13. In tensile test the specimen is gripped in machine
jaws and load is applied through a screw gear
mechanism by a movable crosshead jaw when we
apply load our specimen is elongated under load and
stress strain graph is shown on screen.
Tensile Test

14. TENSILE TEST
Step 1: Original shape and size
of the specimen with no load.
Step 2: Specimen undergoing
uniform elongation.
Step 3: Point of maximum load
and ultimate tensile strength.
Step 4: The onset of necking
(plastic instability).
Step 5: Specimen fractures.
Step 6: Final length.